Qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm lysosomes

Nyob rau hauv lub npaj daim ntawv peb qhia koj txog cov kev ua ntawm lysosomes, lawv lub sij hawm. Cov ib co destinies peb yuav allocate ntau ntau yam pauv loj thiab sau txog lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Peb pib nrog lub fact tias txhua yam yog ua los ntawm lub hlwb. Cov yam ntxwv rau lwm yog li me me hais tias peb yuav saib lawv xwb nyob rau hauv txoj kev kuaj nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb cov khoom. Tam sim no peb yuav tau tham txog lub tshuab kuaj kab rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nrog nws ntaus ntawv yog nkag tau rau hauv high school. Cov xib fwb muaj ib co kuaj ua hauj lwm nrog no lub cuab tam mus kawm lub ntaus ntawv dos plaub ya ri los yog nplooj ntawm cov ntoo.

Lysosome - ib feem ntawm lub cell. Hais txog nws nyob rau hauv thiab peb mam li tham. Ua ntej peb xav txog qhov muaj nuj nqi ntawm lysosomes, peb piav me ntsis txog cov qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm no organelle.

lysosomes

Peb twb taw tes qhia tawm nyob rau hauv phau uas yog Cheebtsam ntawm lub hlwb, thiab yog txhais los ntawm Latin hom lus, lawv muaj ib tug ncaj tseeb lub ntsiab lus - lub xaus ntawm lub cev. Lysosomes, ua lub zog ntawm cov uas peb yuav xav txog rau yav tom ntej, zoo li me me organelles, lawv yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug nyias nyias. Cov kab noj hniav uas muaj cov lysosomes hydrolytic enzymes, nws yog lossi tswj acidic ib puag ncig. Yuav ua li cas lwm tus neeg yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb xam tau tias yog organelles? Nws twb tsis muaj taag daim ntawv no, lawv yeej ib txwm heev varied. Lawv ntau thiab tsawg pab yog heev me me, raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug tib cell yuav muaj ob peb puas lysosomes. Lawv txoj kab uas hla yog kwv yees li sib npaug zos rau 0.2 microns.

lub sij hawm

Ua ntej koj yuav xav txog ib daim ntawv teev lysosomal muaj nuj nqi, peb txhais lub ntsis nqi ntawm cov organelles nyob rau hauv lub cell. Cov ntsiab lus xav sib tshuam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais tias qhov no organelle yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cog hlwb, tab sis nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab fungi yog tam sim no. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv lub Golgi complex. Peb tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov kab noj hniav muaj ib tug heev loj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau enzymes, ua tsaug rau qhov no zom cov zaub mov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Txij li thaum cov organelles yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ua tau cov nuj nqi ntawm lub vacuole.

Enzymes muaj nyob rau hauv cov npuas yuav zom:

• proteins;
• cov rog;
• carbohydrates;
• nucleic acid.

Lwm ua hauj lwm ntawm lysosomes - qhov no cais raws li ib tug neeg qhov chaw, los yog tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub cell. Ib tug piv txwv zoo ntawm no yog cov transformation ntawm ib tug Qav tadpole. Poob lawm tus Tsov tus tw yog nyob rau hauv tus ntawm enzymes ntawm no organelle.

zog

Nyob rau hauv seem no peb muaj ib tug hloov lwm lub tsev muaj nuj nqi ntawm lysosomes. Cov nram qab no yuav qhia tau:

• kev siv ntawm kev zom rau hauv lub hlwb;
• autophagy;
• autolysis;
• nyias mus nyias.

Kom nws dlaim phaj, cia peb piav qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm "autophagy" thiab "autolysis". Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub uas nws hais txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm pliaj hlwb lug, thiab lub thib ob - tus cell self-plab zom mov (peb hais nws ua ntej nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm ib tug tadpole thiab Qav). Nyob rau hauv cov pawg lus kawg peb txhais hais tias lub xaus ntawm lub sab nraud lug.

cell plab zom mov

Thaum peb ntsia lub lysosome muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv ib lub cell, nws hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm lub organelle mus nqa tawm hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev zom nyob rau hauv lub cell. Ua ntej peb yuav tau sau mus rau piav qhia txog qhov no feature, nws yog tsim nyog los qhia ntxiv hais tias muaj ob peb hom lysosomes. Namely:

• thawj;
• theem nrab.

Primary lysosomes kuj hu ua cumulative los yog Tshuag li on nplej. Peb nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no yog xav nyob rau hauv theem nrab organelles. Vim qhov no muaj xws li:

• Digestive vacuole;
• autofagiruyuschuyu vacuole;
• residual lub cev.

Lub digestive vacuoles tshwm sim digesting tshuaj tau txais los ntawm hydrolysis. Plab zom mov yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw, feem ntau yuav tsis tshua muaj molecular yuag tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm kis tau los ntawm daim nyias nyias lysosomes. Cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau rau ib qho tseem ceeb cov hom phiaj - lub synthesis ntawm lwm yam organelles los yog intracellular lug.

autophagy

Tso cai xam tau tias yog lysosomes nyob rau hauv lub cell muaj ib yam khoom hu ua "autophagy". Peb muaj ib tug nyuag saib yog dab tsi nws txhais tau tias. Peb twb tham txog dab tsi no lub sij hawm txhais tau tias cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm kuav qhov chaw ntawm lub cell. Qhov no muaj nuj nqi yog ua los ntawm ob lysosomes, hu ua vacuoles autofagiruyuschimi. Lawv muaj ib tug meej thiab ruaj khov hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub voj qe, lub cev yog heev loj. Nws muaj:

• thooj ntawm mitochondria;
• cytoplasmic network;
• ribosomes thiab thiaj li nyob.

Hais tias yog, qhov seem ntawm lub hlwb muaj nyob rau ntawd. Lawv yog cov amenable mus degradation tshwm sim los ntawm enzymes. Cov residuals tsis ploj, thiab koom nyob rau hauv lwm yam tseem ceeb dab.

Cov vacuoles yog pom nyob rau hauv loj heev ntau nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm tus neeg mob, xws li:

• yoo mov heev;
• intoxication;
• hypoxia;
• laus thiab thiaj li nyob.

autolysis

Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi zog yog ua los ntawm lysosomes, peb to taub. Tam sim no peb muaj ib tug los ze zog saib ib tug ntau ntawm lawv - namely, autolysis. lysosome membrane yuav raug rhuav tshem, thaum lub sij hawm enzymes yog tso tawm thiab tsis nqa tawm nws kev ua ub no, vim hais tias cov cytoplasm muaj ib tug nruab nrab pH thiab enzymes nyob rau hauv nws cia li mob ua.

Muaj tej lub sij hawm thaum muaj ib tug muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lysosomes, ua rau txoj kev tuag ntawm tag nrho cov cell. autolysis ob pawg peev xwm yuav txawv:

• pathological (lub brightest thiab feem ntau cov piv txwv yog cov ntaub so ntswg kev puas tsuaj tom qab kev tuag);
• qub.