State of teeb meem

Mob tshuaj muaj yam ntxwv zoo. Cov tau los yog tsis muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv thiab ntim, lub hav zoov los yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm luv luv-ntau thiab ntev-ntau kev txiav txim, thiab lwm yam -. A "lub xeev ntawm aggregation."

Thaum hloov sau ua ib pawg daim yuav ua tau ntse hloov nyob rau hauv ceev, entropy, free zog thiab lwm yam kev zog.

Tshuaj yuav muaj nyob rau hauv peb tej xeev: gaseous, khoom thiab kua. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus yuav tsum hloov dua siab tshiab rau txhua tus ntawm lawv. Rau ib txhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib los yog ob lub cev lub xeev.

Lub gaseous daim ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem yus dim de los yog tsis kev cob cog rua nrog kev pab los ntawm cov rog ntawm kev sib hais, cov kinetic zog ntawm cov lus tsa suab uas yog ob peb lub sij hawm ntau tshaj lub peev xwm lub zog ntawm lawv cov kev sis raug zoo. Vim hais tias ntawm no txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tshem tus hais yog kiag li lawm ua tus sau thawv, nyob rau hauv uas yog nyob, kis tau nws cov zoo.

Ib tug yeeb tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov kua daim ntawv muaj ib tug heev mobile hais, nruab nrab ntawm uas me me Team sib. Nws ceev yog ntau dua qhov ceev nyob rau hauv lub gaseous lub xeev. Yus muaj los ntawm cov kua ndlwg.

Rau cov raug khib nyiab tsim stability thiab ib tug tej yam thermal zog ntawm atoms vim lawv oscillation. Muab piv nrog rau tej qhov chaw ntawm lub atoms ntawm cov amplitude hloov mus hloov los tsis tseem ceeb txaus. Piv txwv li, lub xeev ntawm aggregation ntawm cov hlau - ib qho nyuaj. Nws muaj ib tug ruaj khov daim ntawv. Loose, tab sis khib nyiab yog tseem yuav mus rau pab pawg neeg no. Ib txhia neeg tsis paub dab tsi lub xeev ntawm aggregation ntawm qab zib los yog ntsev. Teb: Cov "Khoom".

Ntau cais lub xeev xws li polymorphisms (ntau tshaj ob polymorphs) thiab ntshav (tag nrho los yog ionized gas).

Tag nrho tej yam yooj yim tshuaj los yog tshuaj tebchaw yus muaj los ntawm ib daim ntawv thiab ib tug ua kua - roj (tsuas yog kua muaju).

Tab sis lub khoom hauv lub xeev tib yam tshuaj tej zaum yuav muaj ob los yog ntau tshaj hloov uas txawv nyob rau hauv lub zog thiab nrog cov qauv. Lub hav zoov ntawm ntau yam khoom hauv lub xeev ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug compound los yog yooj yim cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav kis tau lub npe "polymorphism."

Tus txheeb ze kuj ntawm tej kev hloov kho los yog theem feem xyuam rau txoj ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob: kub thiab siab. Lub cev lub xeev thiab polymorphic daim ntawv ntawm ib yam khoom uas nyob ntawm seb lawv ua tau zoo.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev hloov los ntawm cov kua hauv lub gaseous daim ntawv hu ua chav tiam. Yog hais tias evaporation yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tsuas yog los ntawm cov kua nto - qhov no yog hu ua evaporation. Converting tshuaj los ntawm gaseous lub xeev rov qab mus rau ib tug kua hu ua liquefaction.

Sublimation (sublimation) yog ib tug transformation ntawm cov khoom rau lub gaseous lub xeev, thiab qhov rov qab tus txheej txheem no hu ua "desublimation". Sublimation yuav xav txog cov piv txwv ntawm cov khov panes ntawm cov iav nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev, ntog rau hauv av te thiab lwm yam tshwm sim.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm converting lub kua rau hauv ib tug gaseous daim ntawv (liquefaction) los yog khoom (desublimation) yog txhais raws li ib tug tib tswvyim - vapor hws. Vim li no, tus mob yog condensed.

Cov kev hloov ntawm cov kua daim ntawv no yog hu ua ib tug khoom fusion, thiab qhov rov qab transformation - hardening thiab nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tsawg kub - cia kom khov. Yuav ua raws li hloov dua siab tshiab hloov khoom daim ntawv mus rau lwm lub yog hu ua "polymorphic transformation" (hloov).

Thaum yuav ua li cas rau lub xeev ntawm teeb meem los yog hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm polymorphic ua, thaum tshav kub kub yog hloov zuj zuj los yog absorbed. Qhov no tshwm sim, piv txwv li, sublimation, vaporization, melting, evaporation, thiab lwm yam

Los ntawm lub tshav kub absorbed los yog tso tawm, inferences yuav ua txog lub stability ntawm polymorphic daim ntawv los yog lub cev lub xeev ntawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv tej yam kub tej yam kev mob. Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev hloov yog los ntawm haum ntawm tshav kub, ntau ruaj khov sov siab. Ib tug tsawg kub, muaj ntau haum nyob rau hauv uas ib txoj kev hloov yog los ntawm evolution ntawm tshav kub. Evaporation thiab melting siv qhov chaw nrog tus haum thaum tshav kub kub, uas cov khoom ntau npaum li cas ruaj khov nyob rau hauv kub kua hauv lub xeev. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab ntawm ib tug ntau dua kub qhia gaseous daim ntawv yog paub ntau tshaj ruaj tshaj li kua.