Poet Apollon Maikov: biography, creativity

Maikov Apollon Nikolaevich - tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nws nyob hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 (1821-1897). Lub artistic cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm no kws sau paj lug yog ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm uas hais txog nws undoubted txuj ci.

Keeb kwm A. N. Maykova

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias Apollon Maykov yog tsis yog ib tug gifted tus neeg sawv cev ntawm nws tsev neeg. Ancient tsev neeg ntawm cov kws sau paj lug yog nplua nuj nrog txawj ntse neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th nyob ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab theologian Nil Sorsky, thiab nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm Catherine ua hauj lwm kws sau paj lug Vasily Maikov.

Lub txiv ntawm peb cov hero yog ib tug academician ntawm painting. Lwm yam tswv cuab ntawm nws tsev neeg kuj tau koom rau cov intellectuals. Niam - ib tug neeg txhais lus thiab kws sau paj lug, valerian tij laug - tus txawj sau ntawv thiab kev sau ntawv critic, thiab Leonid, lwm tus kwv tij Apollo - publisher thiab txawj historian.

Childhood thiab tub hluas ntxhais hluas, thawj phau ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam

Childhood Apollo Nikolaevich siv rau lub qub txeeg qub tes, uas sawv daws khoom ib rau nws tus txiv. Nws twb nyob ze ntawm lub Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Maikova tsev neeg nyob rau hauv 1834 tau tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg. Apollo raws li ib tug me nyuam nyiam ob cov ntaub ntawv thiab painting. Txawm li cas los, luv luv-sightedness tiv thaiv nws los ntawm nram qab no nyob rau hauv lub footsteps ntawm nws txiv. Nyob rau hauv thawj thwmsim luag Maikova qhia tau hais tias tus Gogol. Ces kuv los ua xav nyob rau hauv cov paj huam Apollon Maikov. Nws biography ntawm no lub sij hawm yog tseem cim los ntawm kev cob nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg University, kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai lij choj. Tom qab kawm tiav, Apollon Nikolaevich luam tawm thawj phau ntawv ntawm nws cov kwv huam. Qhov no tseem ceeb tshwm sim coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv xyoo 1842.

Kev mus txawv tebchaws txawv teb chaws, tshiab cov kwv huam

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Apollon Maykov mus txawv teb chaws. Ntawm no nws nyob rau txog li ob lub xyoos. Mike mloog nyob rau hauv Paris lectures los ntawm renowned zaum. Thaum nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, nws coj ib feem nyob rau hauv carousing Lavxias teb sab ntxias, sau paj huam, ua sketches, mus rau Horseback caij rau cov Roman Valley. Cov tau yog tus poetic voj voog ntawm impressions Maikova "sketches ntawm Rome" (luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1847). Nws yog thaum nyob rau hauv ltalis, nyob rau hauv lub kws sau paj lug kev ua hauj lwm yog ib tug thawj scrapped. Apollon Maykov tsoo nrog anthological paj huam thiab pib mus nrhiav ib tug thiaj li hu ua paj huam, kev xav thiab txoj kev xav. Maikova ceased nyiam qub. Nws txiav txim siab tig los rau tam sim no. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj portraits ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm lub nroog Loos (Lorenzo, "Capuchin", "Lub neeg thov khawv").

Homecoming

Rov qab mus rau nws teb koj chaw, lub kws sau paj lug pib mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Rumyantsev Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm pab ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 1840s nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov kev sib txuas lus nrog Nekrasov, Grigorovich, Turgenev, Belinsky. Apollon Maykov ntsib thaum lub yam ntxwv ntawm lub natural lub tsev kawm ntawv. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau yam luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland". Lub "Petersburg Collection" Nekrasov luam tawm nws cov paj huam "Masha" nyob rau hauv 1846. Ib me ntsis ua ntej lawm nws tau tsim lwm zaj paj huam, "Ob tug muaj hmoo", uas qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm lub "superfluous" tib neeg.

Kev sib txuas lus nrog Petrashevists thiab edited "Moskvityanin"

Apollo Nikolaevich nyob rau hauv cov xyoo yog ideologically ze Westernism. Nws tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub zog Petrashevists los ntawm nws tus tij laug valerian. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, nws pib mus rau oppress lawv qhov kev thuam ntawm tsoom fwv. Mike pom utopianism Petrashevists nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, "ib tug ntau ntawm qia," "ib tug ntau ntawm cov dev paus" thiab "ib tug me ntsis kev hlub."

Yog nyob rau hauv ntsoog Apollo Nikolaevich yog tus editor "Moskvityanin". Ntawm no nws mam li nco dheev pom tsis tau tsuas yog kev koom tes, tab sis kuj pab txhawb lawv cov views. Mike tsis kam muab cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev vam meej ntawm Western teb chaws Europe. Cov kev xav mus los ntawm nws tag nrho sau los ntawm "1854", uas qhia meej reflected cov worldview Maikov thaum. Lwm tus ntoo khaub lig-tej ntsiab lus ntawm phau ntawv yog tus historic lub hom phiaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev, uas sim txoj kev mus rau sab hnub poob hordes ntawm Batu thiab yog li tiv thaiv kom txhob poob ntawm European civilization ( "Claremont Cathedral" thiab lwm tus neeg.). Ces Mike los ua ib tug staunch monarchist. Nws ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub greatness ntawm Nicholas I.

creativity 1850

Raws li nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txhua txhua tseeb kws sau paj lug, tswv yim Maikova 1850 npaum li cas wider ideological hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nws tau tsim tej hauj lwm rau ib tug social ntsiab (idyll "ruam" series "Niaj hnub Xav"), kwv huam idelogizirovannogo thiab kev nom kev tswv xwm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Mike sau paj huam uas txuas ntxiv qhov anthological thiab aesthetic hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov paj huam ntawm lub sij hawm thaum ntxov. Nws yog hais txog cov mus, raws li "Cameos" thiab "Fantasia." Qhov kawg ntawm 1850. muaj mus ntawm "lub tsev," "Nyob rau hauv lub qus", "Los nag", "Caij nplooj ntoos hlav", "haymaking". Nyob rau hauv cov tej hauj lwm peb tseem xav tias cov qub harmonic Maikova saib rau qhov. Tam sim no, txawm li cas los, nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub zos toj roob hauv pes sketches.

"Caij nplooj zeeg"

Nyob rau hauv 1856 nws tau tsim ib qho ntawm feem nto moo kwv huam Apollon Maikov. "Caij nplooj zeeg" - raws li nws hu ua nws. Poet los ntawm thaum ntxov xyoo yog fond ntawm kev yos hav zoov, tab sis nws yog feem ntau pom kuv tus kheej xav tias ntau npaum li cas kev lom zem nws muab li ib txwm taug kev nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov tsis muaj Hounds thiab phom. Nws yeej hlub ceg raking nplooj, hnov lub Crackle ntawm twigs ... Txawm li cas los, cov hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg deprived ntawm paub tsis meej thiab enigma li "svyanul kawg paj", "derailed kawg noob txiv." Thiab lub ntiaj teb no muab yug mus rau lub kws sau paj lug yav tas los tsis paub hais tias txoj kev xav ...

Tubrog nkoj ntoj ke mus kawm

Italian ntsiab reappeared nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm N. Apollo nyob rau hauv puag thaum xyoo 1859. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nws, nrog rau lwm yam kev soj ntsuam ua ib tug tub rog hiav txwv ntoj ke mus kawm, mus saib lub Greek Islands tuaj ntawm lub archipelago. Lub nkoj uas tau caij nkoj mus, tsis tau mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws. Nws yuav tsum tau nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv Naples. Yog li ntawd es tsis txhob ntawm ib lub voj voog raws li xeeb Maikov Apollon Nikolaevich, Kuv tau txais ob. "Neapolitan album" yog tsim los ntawm Italian impressions. Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov tshiab nyob rau hauv nqe lus no, lub ntsiab lus ntawm uas - lub neej ntawm cov neeg ntawm Naples. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev kawm rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws twb "Niaj hnub nimno Greek Song" ( "nqos rushed," "Lullaby" thiab lwm tus neeg.).

Ib tug ntawm nws nto moo tshaj plaws kwv huam yog "Lullaby ...". Apollon Maykov tsim no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1860. Ntau tshaj 20 composers nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm sau music rau nws. Cov lawv Chesnokov, A. Arensky, V. Rebikov, P. Tchaikovsky.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Nyob rau hauv lub xeem 25 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej Maikova xav nyob rau hauv mus ib txhis lus nug ntawm lub neej. Nws twb xav hais txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej. Ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev xav Maikova ntawm lub sij hawm no nyob hauv khiab, thiab txoj hmoo ntawm peb lub teb chaws, nws yav dhau los thiab tam sim no, nws cov luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv 1880, Apollo Nikolaevich kuj tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kwv huam, yus muaj los ntawm ib tug sib sib zog nqus religiosity thiab lub tswv yim hais tias kev cai dab qhuas kev txo hwj chim - ib tug txawv feature ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg ( "nyob mus ib txhis hmo ntuj los yog ...." "Cia, tawm! ..", thiab lwm yam).

Nyob rau hauv xaus

Merezhkovsky nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Nyob Mus Ib Txhis Khub" sau Mike Apollo - kws sau paj lug, uas nws txoj kev ntawm lub neej yog lub teeb thiab tus. Tsis yog tus twg kev tsim txom los yog cov yeeb ncuab, tsis passions, los yog cov tawm tsam yog tsis nyob rau hauv nws. Muaj kwv huam, phau ntawv, mus ncig teb chaws, tsev neeg muaj kev xyiv fab, muaj koob meej. Tseeb, nws biography yog malopoetichna: nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub Scaffold, los yog ib tug duel, twb tsis nrhiav, nws yuav tsis quaj los kuamuag vim passions. Apollo Maikov txhua yam sab nraud ploj mus sab hauv. Nws tiag tiag biography, yeej muaj tseeb destiny yog nws txoj kev los ntawm cov neeg Loos thiab Greeks lub Lavxias teb sab kev muaj tiag, lub keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg, phau Vajlugkub paj huam thiab nyob mus ib txhis lus nug ntawm cov hav zoov.