Nruas ntawm cov tsiaj: piv txwv thiab tus nqi

Phraseology - ib storehouse ntawm txoj kev txawj ntse ntawm ib tug neeg. Tsim qhia, implying txawv heev tshaj no mas, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, lub ntsiab lus - qhov no yog dab tsi ua rau cov lus cim. Tag nrho cov neeg muaj lub prigovorki, paj lug, yooj yim metaphors, uas cas featured tsiaj. Feem ntau cov feem ntau xws kab zauv hais txog qhov xwm ntawm yam tsiaj, lawv tsis tau zoo nyob thiab peculiarities. Lavxias teb sab lus yog kuj zoo kawg thiab haib, tsis yog nws? Yuav ua li cas yog muaj nyob rau hauv nws idioms txog cov tsiaj? Thiab yog hais tias lawv yog cov cim los yog tseem pom nyob rau hauv lwm haiv neeg?

Introduction to lub phraseology

Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum xyuas seb muaj dab tsi yog qhov lus nruas. Linguists to taub los ntawm cov sij hawm no tej preconceived kab lus, seb nws yog ib tug proverb los yog ib tug hais tias, lus nruas (raws li ib thiab nce mus nce los ib feem), ib tug nrov qhia (ntawm ib phau ntawv sau ua hauj lwm, hais lus ntawm ncauj, thiab thiaj li nyob). Hais tias yog, peb muaj cai mus cuag qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas los ntawm lub classic qhia rau quotations ntawm tus fables thiab fairy tales. Yog li, idioms nrog tsiaj npe ua, tsis muaj exaggeration, nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib seem ntawm phraseology.

npaj siab mus cais

Tus txiv neej yeej ib txwm raug surrounded los ntawm nws cov kwv tij me me thiab. Thawj qus, ces nyeg. Thaum lub sij hawm, thiab pom lub cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm cov tsiaj, nws piv lawv rau cov neeg uas nyob ib ncig phenomena, thiab nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov tswvyim, muaj idioms, uas muaj xws li cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj.

Lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ntau pab pawg:

• Hais txog cov tsiaj (miv thiab aub).
• Nyob rau cov tsiaj qus (xws li ib tug hma tshaib plab).
• Hais txog noog (cuckoo niam).
• Hais txog kab (sab raws li ib tug yoov).
• Nyob rau cov ntses (tsis ntses los yog nqaij), thiab hais txog. D.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, idioms thiab muaj ib tug stylistic division: ib co ntawm lawv yog cov Portrait (free raws li ib tug noog), lwm leej lwm tus - ntau colloquial (xws li ib tug ntses nyob rau hauv cov dej khov), thiab tseem lwm tus kiag li vernacular (peel li cov gray tshis).

keeb kwm

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, xav txog lub idioms txog cov tsiaj uas tsis muaj kev mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm yog kiag li tsis yooj yim sua. Ib txhia cov kab zauv nyob li ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm tej yeeb yam zoo ntawm cov tsiaj: hma cunning, ntawm no thiab coj tus saib hais tias ib tug neeg yuav ua tau cunning "hma liab"; hares, nyob rau hauv lem, tsis tshua tau ua siab tawv xav, yog vim li cas tsis yog ib tug tshwj xeeb bold feeb lawv hais tias lawv yog "cowardly li hares."

Lwm qhov chaw ntawm phraseology - mythology. Cov ancient Slavs qaib dib yog ib lub cim ntawm Perun, tus vajtswv uas xob quaj. Nag xob nag feem ntau entailed hluav taws kub, li no ib lub koom haum ntawm nqaij qaib nrog hluav taws, thiab chaw pib lub expression "cia tus liab qaib dib" meant "teem hluav taws".

Yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau cov lus thiab cov kev cai ntawm cov neeg. Piv txwv li, cov neeg Yudais muaj cov kev cai rau txhua xyoo muaj txi rau Vajtswv, uas yuav tsum txhiv lawv tej kev txhaum. Feeb, nyob rau hauv thaj nws rests nrog tus tshis, uas yog nws lub koob meej raws li ib tug "scapegoat." Kev cai ntev txij li thaum zoo, tab sis tus neeg uas tau them rau kev ua yuam kev thiab tej kev txhaum uas yog lwm tus, yog tseem hu ua li ntawd.

Ib txhia ntawm cov tsiaj tau "lub nqi zog ntawm" phraseology rau nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg lub neej. Nees, yam uas yog yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam lub neeg pluag txoj kev ntawm lub neej, tau ntev tau immortalized nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov ob peb ua ke zoo li "plowed zoo li ib tug nees" thiab "los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm nees tuag", uas nyuab siab nws exceptional kev ua tau zoo.

Writers tsim idioms txog cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov fab ntxeev: "Ntxhw thiab Pug" (loj loj thiab me me), "Hma thiab Yaj" (tus neeg tua tsiaj thiab tus neeg mob), "Cov Qaus liv thiab cov ntsaum" (a slacker thiab ib tug siv zog ua haujlwm) - nws pab feem ntau kom meej meej illustrated tej hauj lwm tsim rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm daim duab raws li ze li sai tau rau kev muaj tiag.

Nruas nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus

Phraseology yog thoob ntiaj teb - nws yog ib qhov tseeb ib zaug. Txhua lub teb chaws muaj ib co ntawm nws lub koom haum uas muaj tej yam tsiaj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub UK muaj ib qho kev qhia sib npaug rau Lavxias teb sab "rau ncuav nyob rau hauv thoob," uas lus txhais tau tias "hliv miv thiab dev." Cov tshwm sim ntawm no phraseologism ntaus nqi mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias ua ntej lub rooftops them nrog ib tug khoom uas thaum ntub dej los ua heev nplua, thiaj li taug kev hla rooftops miv rhuav - chaw pib muaj yog xws li ib qho kev qhia rau xa mus rau qhov hnyav nag. Nyob rau hauv German, Lavxias teb sab "nkaum thiab nrhiav kev" ua si raws li ib tug "dig muag nyuj".

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub teb chaws yog leejtwg muaj peev xwm hloov lub "heroes" ntawm phraseology: Lavxias teb sab "Tua ib tug pob zeb ob tug noog nrog ib pob zeb" yog sib npaug rau cov German "tua nrog ib tug hluas tshuab ntawm ob yoov" thiab "Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw uas cov khau pinches!" Yog "Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw uas cov kua txob nyob rau hauv no luav!" "Taug kev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub bush, "nyob rau hauv lub German version yuav" mus kev zoo li ib tug miv nyob ib ncig ntawm ib lub tais kub porridge, "thiab" Tshaib plab zoo li ib tug dog "yog txuam nrog ib tug dais, tsis yog ib tug aub. Lavxias teb sab "pw tsaug zog zoo li ib tug cav" suab "pw tsaug zog zoo li ib lub pob zeb" nyob rau hauv German.

Tej piv txwv yog ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau to taub hais tias txhais idioms cia nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub tsis yooj yim sua. Association nrog lwm cov tsiaj muaj peev xwm yuav sib txawv, li ntawd nws yog zoo dua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab siv ib tug ntau nyob nruab nrab qhia. Nruas nyob rau hauv nws hais lus tsuas yog siv los ntawm cov neeg uas ntseeg hais tias tag nrho nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev paub ntawm cov lus. Yog li ntawd yuav ceev faj siv idioms txog tsiaj txhu, thiab lwm yam heev, nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv teb chaws lus.

Nruas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab

Tab sis tej zaum lub sij hawm tau tuaj, nws yog lub sij hawm yuav tawm mus rau yuav ua li cas rau cov tsiaj muaj tso tawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab phraseologisms. Feem ntau zoomorphism, namely qhov thiaj li hu ua kev nyob rau hauv seem no phraseology piav tej yam tib neeg yam ntxwv, los yog txoj kev uas nws ua li no los yog tias qhov kev txiav txim. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab lus idioms raug muab faib mus rau hauv ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov pab pawg.

Qhov tseem kim heev thiab qhia - qhia zoo thiab tsis zoo qualities ntawm tib neeg qhov. Piv txwv li: maj mam plab hlaub, liab grenade raws li cov liab twm daim ntaub tawv ncauj nees luav noj qab nyob zoo raws li ib tug nees, thiab hais txog. Nyob rau hauv txhua phraseologisms yuav pom raws li ib tug ntxoov ntxoo ua li cas nrog txoj kev zoo li cas no nruas yog siv.

tsis zoo idioms

Thiab tam sim no xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau yam ib yam ntawm cov seem, uas yog hais saum toj no. Tsis zoo idioms nrog cov tsiaj, piv txwv uas yog heev, occupies ib tug loj loj me me nyob rau hauv zoomorphism. Hais txog weariness, peb siv lo lus "graft", "spinning zoo li ib tug nas nyob rau hauv ib lub tawb", "ua hauj lwm zoo li ib tug twm" - tag nrho cov no txhais tau tias zog ua hauj lwm, workload. Ntsoov teev cov tib neeg stupidity, txiav ntaqwm: "saib zoo li ib tug yaj ntawm ib tug tshiab rooj vag", "los ua ib nees caj dab ntev," thiab hais tias ntau tus neeg nashkodil tshaj pab, siv cov kev qhia "ib pliag". Nyob rau hauv phraseologisms, uas hais cov av, nws yog ib txwm txuam nrog npua, "qias neeg raws li ib tug npua," "nasvinyachit". Thiab pom incompetence, siv xws li zoomorphism li "deal raws li ib tug npua nyob rau hauv cov txiv kab ntxwv", txog lub "kev tshav ntuj" nco ntsoov "ib tug nyuj nyob rau hauv cov dej khov" thiab "ntxhw nyob rau hauv ib tug Tuam Tshoj kav", thiab yog hais tias peb qhia txog ib tug neeg deprived ntawm ib tug pob ntseg rau lub suab paj nruag, yuav yeej hais tias nws "ua tim lub pob ntseg tuaj."

Kov rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm ntau qab los noj mov thiab haus dej haus cawv kev tsim txom, feem ntau rau ib co yog vim li cas rov qab mus rau npua ( "qaug dej qaug cawv raws li ib tug npua," "rau npua squeal") thiab hma Predator ( "voracious qab los noj mov", "tus txiv nyuj mus noj"). Thiab tag nrho cov piv txwv - tsuas yog ib tug me me feem nyob rau hauv lub loj heev ntiaj teb no ntawm phraseology, uas peb tsis txhob tso tseg, tiam sis tsuas yog sov so thiab yog npaj txhij mus ntxiv tshawb no qhov teeb meem.

Nruas nyob rau hauv fables

Yuav ua li cas yuav koj kawm idioms txog tsiaj txhu, thaum tsis nco txog lub dab neeg? Nyob rau hauv lawv peb nrhiav tau ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm kab zauv twb yog li nrees entrenched nyob rau hauv cov lus uas nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ntseeg nyob rau hauv lawv "nenarodnoe" keeb kwm. "Lub os dej dawb, cancer thiab pike" - kuas inconsistencies "cuckoo qhuas qaib dib vim hais tias nws qhuas tus cuckoo '- ib tug flatterer," Ntxhw thiab Pug "- hais txog cov tawm tsam ntawm ib tug me me thiab cov loj loj," liab ua hauj lwm "- ib tug puas ua hauj lwm," tus uab lag nyob rau hauv yaj yuam plaub "- ib tug txiv neej uas dag hais yog ib tug neeg lwm tus ... Tag nrho cov nqe lus yog paub rau peb los ntawm thaum yau, yog dab tsi ntxiv, lawv kuj yuav ua rau ib tug tag nrho yoj ntawm tag nrho cov koom haum ua teb ntawm lub tib lub fables: uas tsuas yog cov clearest duab ntawm lub liab thiab tsom-iav!

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov kev siv ntawm tsau kab zauv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev uas yuav txhawb txoj kev idioms txog tsiaj txhu thiab lawv tseem ceeb, uas yog vim li cas koj yuav tsis detract los ntawm txoj hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov sau ntawv nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem.

Hais txog tsiaj

Thiab kuv xav kom tas lub ntsiab lus no, zoo li idioms nrog cov tsiaj. Piav cov ruam cov tsiaj, uas yog ib txwm ua ntej kuv ob lub qhov muag, yog yooj yim npaum li nkaum nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov ntawm hma, bears thiab hma, cov cwj pwm tsis zoo uas tib neeg feem coob yuav tsum paub xwb hearsay. Cov lus tau ntev tau portrayed nyob rau hauv lub qhia "miv thiab aub", "Kev ntawm Qhia rau ob mamok nqus", "laus nees furrow tsis lwj," "siab phem aub" - tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov koom mention cov tsiaj.

Nws yog yuav hais tias cov idioms yog cov ze Lavxias teb sab neeg, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam nws tus cwj pwm rau qhov no los yog hais tias tsiaj yog feem ntau kom meej meej: nyob rau hauv zoomorphism nees yeej ib txwm hnov hwm zog ua hauj lwm, miv feem ntau tshwm sim li ywj siab beings, npua yog txuam nrog rau uncleanliness, nyuj feem ntau yog ruam .

PS

Nruas ua kom peb hais lus ntau ci ntsa iab thiab qab ntsoov qhia erudition thiab loj heev horizons. Uas yog vim li cas cia li yuav tsum tau siv tej lus nyob rau hauv kev hais lus thiab, tseem ceeb tshaj, siv lawv kom raug.