Kev txo yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas, txhais tau li cas thiab cov hau kev zoo li cas ntawm txoj kab mercury lossis hluav taws xob?

Radioactive tshuaj yog decomposition khoom ntawm tej yam tshuaj hais. Lawv tsis tsuas yog muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev, tab sis kuj tawm lawv lub cim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw rau ntau xyoo. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev lag luam tawg yog qhov tawg ntawm nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag hauv Chernobyl. Dua li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ecology tseem suffers ze lub zos no. Txuas ntxiv rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv tshuaj yaj yeeb, cov menyuam uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsoog yug, ntau tus neeg tau kis kab mob. Yuav kom tsis txhob raug txim loj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom tsis txhob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv. Nws tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv txhua cheebtsam (hauv pa, hauv dej), nyob rau ntawm tej qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, ntawm tib neeg lub cev, thiab ntxiv rau.

Kev txo yog dab tsi?

Los ntawm Latin, lo lus yog txhais raws li "inaction". Thiab tseem muaj ntau yam tseem tsis totaub, kev ywj pheej - qhov no yog dab tsi. Lub sij hawm siv ntau qhov chaw, txawm li ntawd los nws yog ncaj nraim txuas nrog cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Yog li cas lo lus no txhais li cas? Kev txo yog kev ua kom qaug tshuaj yeeb dej caw los ntawm ib yam dab tsi. Precipitate particles tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nyob qhov twg. Feem ntau lawv tuaj rau ntawm cov dej, ntoo, tsev, tawv nqaij, thiab lwm yam. Qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev txig ntawm hluav taws xob yog cua los ntawm cov khoom uas muab rau txhua tsav txhua yam. Tawm los ntawm qhov no, kev tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv yog kev tswj lub cev. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw, tshuaj lom neeg ua rau mob, xws li mercury, tuaj yeem raug cais ua pa paug.

Txoj kev ntawm kev ywj pheej

Koj tuaj yeem nqa tawm cov kab mob tua kab mob ntau yam.

Thawj txoj kev yuav raug tshem tawm txhua yam kev tsim txom. Nws yog yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig. Kev kho kom raug neeg kho kev puas siab puas ntsws nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tsim kho, feem ntau nyob hauv tsev. Ua tsaug rau hom no, nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov khoom siv tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, phab ntsa, qhov rais, plag tsev, tsheb, thiab lwm yam. Txawm tias qhov tseeb no siv ntau zaus, nws tsis yog ib txwm zoo rau kev thov. Nqa tawm cov khoom kho kom zoo nrog kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, thaum siv sijhawm tsawg li tsawg tau. Qhov no yog vim yog qhov tseeb uas tus neeg tau txais kev sib cuag nrog cov teeb meem tshuaj uas tsim kev kub ntxhov tsis yog thaum nkag rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis txawm nyob hauv cov huab cua uas tau ntim nrog lawv.

Qhov thib ob yog lub cev thiab lub cev deactivation. Nws yog kwv nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis nws muaj ib qho txawv me ntsis. Thaum nws raug coj tawm, kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb yog siv los tshem cov khoom phem sai dua thiab zoo dua.

Dab tsi yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ywj pheej?

Tshaj tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm qhov chaw, yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Tshaj tawm kev txhais tau tias yuav raug xaiv raws li nws hom. Nrog rau ib txoj hauv kev, cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tu lub tsev yog siv los tshem cov khoom phem. Ntxuav lub qhov rooj ntawm cov rooj tog, cov plag tsev thiab cov phab ntsa nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev, khaub ncaws, khaub ncaws, txhuam ntau thiab txhuam. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov teeb meem tshuaj los ntawm cov khaub ncaws, kev siv dej los siv. Thaum siv lub cev deactivation, hmoov, hom ntsev, oxalic los yog sulfuric acid, baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias, tsis hais txog yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tau ua rau ib puag ncig, nws yuav tsum tau deactivated hauv cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb. Ob txhais tes yuav tsum muaj cov hnab looj tes muaj zog, lub ntsej muag - lub khwb ntsej muag lossis lub respirator. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau hnav ib lub gauze ntaub qhwv uas muaj ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Tshaj cov khaub ncaws uas koj xav muab pov tseg tag nrho tshwj xeeb los yog hnav khaub ncaws. Tsis tas li ntawd haum yog rubber khau boots.

Dab tsi yog qhov kev txwv ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw?

Qhov feem ntau cov teeb meem feem ntau yog cov lwj khoom ntawm cov chemical tshuaj. Lawv muaj ib tug deleterious nyhuv ntawm lub cev tshuav rau lub fact tias lawv muaj lub peev xwm mus ua ke rays. Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw rau ntau lub xyoo, thaum lawv cov kev puas tsuaj yuav ua rau mob. Kev tsim kom muaj hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua kom raws sij hawm thiab tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob tawg. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws yuav tsis muaj cuab kav txhawm rau los txhim kho kev tu txhua lub sij hawm luv luv, yog li ntawd, ua ntej txhua tus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau khiav tawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Thaum twg ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw yog irradiated, tus tshwj xeeb pab tub ceev xwm raug xa mus rau thaj chaw uas raug cuam tshuam, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj kev txwv. Cov khoom uas ntshiab huv uas pom tau tias muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav ua tau txhua yam, tab sis kom txhim kho tau qhov zoo dua, cov khoom siv kho mob thiab lub cev deev tau pom zoo. Tshem lawv tawm ntawm huab cua, qhov cua ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau los ntawm lub qhov rais, qhov rooj, muaj cov vents cua, lub installation ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej tshwj xeeb.

Disinfection ntawm dej

Kev tiv tauj ntawm cov neeg raug mob rau ntawm qhov dej ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem tshwm sim feem los sis ua ob zaug. Yog hais tias cov dej tau raug kab mob ua ntej pib, ces txoj kev faib cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw hauv nws yog tsis sib luag, ces nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog lawv qib nyob rau ntau qhov chaw. Secondary raug rau cov neeg ua phem raug mob los ntawm huab cua, nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem qhov teeb meem ceev nrooj yog nyob rau tag nrho saum npoo. Deactivation ntawm dej yog nqa tawm ntawm sedimentation, distillation, pom thiab coagulation. Thawj txoj kev yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, tab sis tsuas yog cov tshuaj tsis sib haum yuav raug tshem tawm. Thaum coagulated nrog av nplaum, phosphates los sis dej qab tshauv, qhov tom ntej yuav tsum yog cov khoom tsim dua. Ib qho tseem ceeb purification yuav ua tiav los ntawm lim cov dej nrog xuab zeb, gravel los yog av. Qhov tseem zoo txoj kev yog distillation, uas yog nqa tawm los ntawm ib tug ion pauv cob. Hom no tso cai rau koj los ntxuav cov dej ntawm cov teeb meem loj.

Duav tau cov mercury

Harmful properties muaj ntau yam tshuaj. Mercury yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob kis tau zoo tshaj plaws, vim nws nyob hauv txhua lub tsev. Nws siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kho mob, xws li tus pas ntsuas kub los yog ib lub tshuab tonometer (tam sim no tsis tshua muaj). Yog tias cov khoom uas muaj mercury tawg, nws yuav tsum tau tam sim ntawd sau thiab tshem cov khoom phem. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias nws yog txwv tsis pub rau cheb los yog ntxuav nrog ib tug rag, vim nws yuav crushed rau hauv cov pob me. Tshem tawm ntawm mercury yuav tsum tau muab txhuam los ntawm txhuam ntawm ntawv dawb, ces muab tso rau hauv lub thawv ntim. Qhov saum npoo, uas cov khoom ntawd yog, yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog ib tug daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate thiab hydrochloric acid. Tom qab ntawd, qhov chaw yog ventilated. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los hu cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ywj pheej.

Yuav ua li cas kom tshem tawm teeb meem tshuaj los ntawm daim tawv nqaij?

Txhua tus neeg yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim ntawm daim tawv nqaij deactivation yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas rau nws. Yog tias cov tshuaj lom neeg nkag mus rau cov chaw qhib (tes, ntsej muag), cov kab mob yuav tsum ua kom tiav tsis pub dhau 6 teev tom qab. Rau lub hom phiaj no, khiav dej yog siv nyob rau hauv lub taub hau loj, xab npum, tawv ntaub plaub los yog txhuam. Tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj cawv, vim lawv tsuas ua rau qhov teeb meem loj dua. Cov plaub hau thiab cov kaus poom ntawm lub qhov ncauj yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj yaug nrog tshuaj citric acid. Ob lub qhov muag yaug tawm ntawm sab hauv qab mus rau sab nraud.

Vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav ua rau kom ncua kev ywj pheej?

Thaum muaj teeb meem tshuaj los ntawm tej yam khoom ntawm ib puag ncig, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob sai. Kev ncua lossis kev ncua ntawm kev tswj xyuas tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj kev rau txim rau tus kabmob. Tej hais ua xws li ib tug lub xeev raws li tawg kab mob, ib tug kho uas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom txog rau thaum tam sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd, teeb meem tshuaj muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv. Evaporation ntawm mercury kuj yog lom rau lub cev, nws ua rau lub yeej ntawm tag nrho cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab tshuab. Rau cov laj thawj no, kev txiav txim siab tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.