Kev khiav dej num ntawm ribosome thiab lwm yam kab mob cell

Cell raws li ib qho system

Nyob eukaryotic cell yog uniquely koom system, kev sis raug zoo ntawm Cheebtsam uas muab cellular kev ua si raws li ib chav tsev. Nws lub ntsiab yam muaj xws li plasmolemma, cytoplasm thiab nucleus, tiam sis ntau lub hlwb muaj ntxiv organelles - tshwj xeeb cov qauv uas yog yaj hauv cytoplasm thiab koom hauv cov metabolism thiab lub zog ntawm lub cell. Yog li, cov kev ua ntawm ribosomes muaj nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov protein, mitochondria zog tebchaw, microtubules ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cellular cev pob txha thiab muab intracellular thauj, thiab cov endoplasmic reticulum thiab cov Golgi complex - lub ntsiab "noj" nyob rau hauv lub metabolism. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cytoplasm, uas yog nyob rau hauv tas mus li.

Cov kab mob membrane thiab lawv cov haujlwm

Lawv cov dej num tau ua nyob rau ntawm ribosomes rau ntawm EPR, qhov chaw uas lawv thauj mus los ntawm lub qhov hws ntawm lub cev membrane tam sim ntawd tom qab tsim. EPR yog ib lub cev membrane organelle uas muaj ntau ntau ntawm cov hlab pas thiab hnab ris uas sib kis tau thiab sib txuas lus nrog lub lumen ntawm lub hnab ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub cell, muaj ob yam ntawm cov endoplasmic reticulum, differing nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi, du thiab ntxhib. Thawj zaug ntawm lawv yog pob ribosomes, tus qauv thiab kev khiav dej num uas yog nteg txawm tawm hauv nucleus, qhov thib ob ribosome tsis tuaj, thiab nws koom rau hauv synthesis ntawm lipids thiab steroids ntawm lub cell, khw muag khoom intracellular calcium, dephosphorylates glucose-6-phosphate nyob rau hauv daim siab. Tab sis ob qho tag nrho cov hom ntawm EPR yog impermanent lug thiab no yuav nquag hloov, raws li zoo raws li lub Golgi complex. Nws zoo ib yam li hauv EPR thiab muaj cov dej cisterns, thiab nws txoj hauj lwm yog los cais cov thawj cov proteins uas ua ke ntawm SHER, tsim los ntawm lysosomes, kev txuam ntawm cov lus nug thiab cov thauj ntawm lub xov tooj.

Non-membrane organelles

Nyob rau hauv lub cell, tseem muaj uas tsis yog-daim nyias nyias organelles: cytoskeleton, centrioles, lub xam nrog ntawm cia tshuaj (lipids, polysaccharides, biologically active tshuaj los yog pigments) thiab cov ribosome. Cov dej num ntawm lawv txhua tus yog tswj los ntawm kev rov qab ua haujlwm, uas yog, lawv nyob ntawm seb cov metabolism hauv lub cev tam li cas thaum lawv dhau los ua ke, cov centrioles yog ob npaug thaum cov tsiv mus rau kev sib faib, thiab microtubules ua kom lawv ua si thaum qhib kev raws thiab cov chemotaxis hauv phagocytes . Ribosome muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub hlwb no kuj tsis tu ncua thiab tsis sib txawv heev los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub cog ntawm tes. Lawv muaj cov ions, qee cov biopolymers thiab condensed RNA, dho mus rau ob lub subunits - 30S thiab 50S (raws li Svedberg sedimentation coefficient), uas yog li 80S ribosomes. Qhov no yog ib tug tsis tshua tseem ceeb uas tso cai rau cov ribosome kom paub qhov txawv txiv neej los ntawm lub ribosomes ntawm cov kab mob, nrog rau cov qauv ntawm cov 70s, raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob kab mob tshuaj tua kab mob taw, muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm thaiv cov hlab ib feem los yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nuj nqi ntawm lub ribosome 70s xyua, li no inhibiting protein synthesis nyob rau hauv tus kab mob cell thiab inhibiting txoj kev.