Endoplasmic reticulum: qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi

Endoplasmic reticulum - ib tug yuav tsum organelle ntawm eukaryotic hlwb. Nws yog pom nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg. Cov kev ua ntawm no feem ntawm cov cell yog varied thiab no mas txuam nrog rau synthesis, kev hloov kho thiab thauj ntawm cov organic tebchaw.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm endoplasmic reticulum sab nyob rau hauv 1945. American paub txog K. Porter pom nws nrog ib tug ntawm cov thawj fais rub kom pom loj. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, nws pib nws cov active kev tshawb fawb.

Nyob rau hauv lub cell, muaj ob versions ntawm no organelle:

• Lub granular los yog ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum (them plurality ribosomes).
• Ntawm tus los yog tus endoplasmic reticulum.

Txhua yam ntawm reticulum muaj ib co nta thiab ua ib tug txawv kiag li muaj nuj nqi. Cia saib lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Granular endoplasmic reticulum: cov qauv. Qhov no organelle yog ib tug tank system, hlwv thiab tubules. Nws cov phab ntsa muaj bilipidnoy membrane. Lub dav ntawm cov kab noj hniav tej zaum yuav yog los ntawm 20 nm mus rau ob peb micrometers - yog tag nrho cov nyob rau cov kev ua ntawm lub secretory hlwb.

Tsis muaj ib tug me ntsis tshwj xeeb hlwb, uas yog yus los tsis muaj theem ntawm metabolism, lub EPS xa uas muaj ob peb tawg khiav ri niab tso tsheb hlau luam. Hauv lub cell, uas yog muaj kev koom ua ke protein endoplasmic reticulum muaj ib tug plurality ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam thiab branched tubules system.

Feem ntau, granular Epm los ntawm tubular week yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub nuclear lub hnab ntawv - nyob rau hauv no txoj kev niaj complex synthesis dab thiab thauj protein molecules.

Granular endoplasmic reticulum: lub zog. Raws li twb tau hais, tag nrho saum npoo ntawm XPS cytoplasm them los ntawm ribosomes, uas yog lub npe hu mus muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv protein synthesis. EPS - ib qhov chaw ntawm synthesis thiab thauj uas muaj protein ntau tebchaw.

Qhov no organelle lub luag hauj lwm rau lub synthesis ntawm cov cytoplasmic membrane ib proteins. Tab sis nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob los ntawm ntxiv protein molecules ntawm daim nyias nyias hlwv yog thauj mus rau lub Golgi apparatus, qhov chaw uas lawv yog ntxiv kev hloov kho thiab muab faib rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub hlwb, ntsig txog, thiab ntaub so ntswg.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj kab noj hniav tshwm sim EPS tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ib co kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub protein - e.g., accession ntawm carbohydrate tivthaiv. Ntawm no, los ntawm cov aggregation ntawm loj secretory granules yog tsim.

Du endoplasmic network: qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi. Tus qauv ntawm lub du EPS muaj tej yam sib txawv. Piv txwv li, qhov no organelle muaj tsuas tso tsheb hlau luam thiab twb tsis muaj zog ntawm tubules. Ceg xws EPS, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog me me, tab sis lub dav ntawm lub tank, on qhov tsis tooj, ntau.

Du endoplasmic reticulum tsis yog hais txog mus rau lub synthesis ntawm cov protein Cheebtsam tab sis ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm Attendance tseem ceeb functions. Piv txwv li, ntawm no yog ib tug synthesis ntawm steroid cov tshuaj hormones nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tag nrho cov vertebrates. Uas yog vim li cas qhov ntim ntawm tus EPS nyob rau hauv adrenal hlwb yog heev loj.

Nyob rau hauv mob hlwb EPS ua qhov tsim nyog enzymes muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv carbohydrate metabolism, namely decomposition ntawm glycogen. Nws kuj paub tias lub siab lub hlwb yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov neutralization ntawm toxins. Nyob rau hauv no organelle tso tsheb hlau luam cov synthesis ntawm ib tug hydrophilic tivthaiv uas yog ces txuas mus rau ib tug tshuaj lom molecule tsub kom nws solubility nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab zis. Nws yog nthuav tias nyob rau hauv hepatocytes, uas lossi poob nyob rau hauv tus ntawm toxins (tshuaj lom, haus dej cawv), yuav luag tag nrho cov cell nyob los ntawm cov nruj nreem spaced tso tsheb hlau luam du EPS.

Nyob rau hauv mob hlwb, muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm tus EPS - sarcoplasmic reticulum. Nws ua raws li ib tug depot calcium regulating li dab ua si thiab so lub hlwb.

Raws li yuav pom, Eps zog yog varied thiab tseem ceeb heev rau lub qub hauj lwm ntawm kev noj qab nyob hlwb.