Teeb meem tshuaj

Txhua txhua hnub, cov neeg uas raug rau txhiab tus txawv tshuaj. Muaj ntau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog lawv kev noj qab nyob thiab ua kom nrhiav tau cov lus teb rau lo lus nug: uas sawv daws yuav yog yus thiab seb lawv ua rau mob cancer los yog lwm yam teeb meem? Tiam sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob kho qhov teeb meem no xwb vim hais tias ntawm cov tau tej yam rau cov ib puag ncig ntawm tej lag luam, raws li muaj txaus ntshai txuam nrog kev noj haus, tus kheej-medicate, thiab lwm yam kev coj cwj pwm yam. Piv txwv li, siav ntsev (Formula nws NaCl) yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub khoom noj khoom haus. Tab sis nws, nyob rau hauv raws li uas twb muaj lawm kev cai, yog hais txog mus rau lub III chav kawm ntawv ntawm teeb meem. Ib tug ethylene (nws tshuaj mis yog C2H4) yog tsawg teeb meem tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv kev ruaj chav kawm ntawv IV. Yog li ntawd tom qab tag nrho cov uas muaj xws li cov ntsiab lus xws li teeb meem tshuaj thiab lawv kev faib? Yuav ua li cas lawv ntsia cov ntaub ntawv?

Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no yog muab los ntawm GOST 12.1.007-77 *. Mob tshuaj - yog tshuaj tebchaw uas vim rau kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ruaj ntseg uas yuav tsum tau tej zaum yuav ua rau (los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog tib neeg lub cev), noj qab haus huv tej teeb meem, ua hauj lwm cov kab mob los yog ua hauj lwm raug mob. Tag nrho cov teeb meem no feem ntau yog kuaj thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem ntawm cov teebmeem los yog long-term lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv tom ntej tiam. Tsis tas li ntawd standard poob lawm (nyob ntawm seb cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm tej yam nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev) rau ntau yam tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw, intermediates, cov khoom thiab pov tseg, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov plaub chav kawm ntawm kev pheej hmoo. Yog li, tag nrho cov teeb meem tshuaj feem ntau yog cov tsis tshua txaus ntshai (kuv cov chav kawm ntawv), mas txaus ntshai (II qib), moderately tej (III class) los yog cov uas tsis muaj teeb meem (IV class).

Gradation yog ua nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm muab piv rau cov sij tseem ceeb nrog rau cov normative qhov tseem ceeb rau tej kev qhia. Cov no muaj xws raug txwv (cov huab cua ntawm cov ua hauj lwm hauv cheeb tsam) lub concentration ntawm teeb meem tshuaj, qhov phem tuag koob tshuaj yog hais tias nws nkag mus rau hauv lub plab, qhov phem tuag koob tshuaj rau dermal, nruab nrab tuag concentration rau ua hauj lwm cheeb tsam huab cua, thiab tus coefficient ntawm tus tau lom los ntawm nqus tau pa aav ntawm mob thiab ntev kev nqis tes ua. Yog li, ruaj hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm teeb meem tshuaj, raws li ib tug nyob ntawm tus nqi uas yog siv rau kev sib faib ntawm uas tej tshuaj.

los ntawm MPC nyob rau hauv cov huab cua uas muaj thaj chaw thiab cov chav kawm ntawm txaus ntshai yog teev nyob rau hauv Annex 2 mus rau tus xov tooj GOST 12.1.005-88 rau ntau tshaj li 1,300 yam khoom. Ib tug txawm loj npaum li cas ntawm zoo xws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub tu qauv GN 2.2.5.1313-03. Nws tseem pab tau mus rau ntsiab ib co ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau nco qab qhov tsis zoo luag hauj lwm ntawm kev kauj noj cov zaub mov thiab cov kev piam sij ntawm kev haus luam yeeb (ob active thiab rau passive haus luam yeeb). Vim hais tias cov haus luam yeeb haus luam yeeb muaj teeb meem tshuaj xws li benzopyrene, carbon monoxide, nicotine, carbon dub thiab lwm tus neeg. Kev sib piv, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog lub MPC thiab cov kev phom sij ntawm ib co chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj lub tebchaw uas nkag rau hauv tib neeg lub cev thaum noj tshuaj nrog cov zaub mov los yog raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev haus luam yeeb:

• benzopyrene - 0,00015 mg / m3, kuv chav kawm ntawv;
• nicotinamide (vitamin PP) - 1 mg / m3, II chav kawm ntawv;
• carbon dub - 20 mg / di3, III chav kawm ntawv;
• carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) - 20 mg / di3, III chav kawm ntawv;
• sodium tshuaj dawb (rooj ntsev) - 5 mg / m3, III chav kawm ntawv;
• oxalic (ethanedioic) acid - 5 mg / m3, III chav kawm ntawv;
• Ethylene - 100 mg / m3, IV chav kawm ntawv.

Nws yog tshwm tag uas vitamin PP, ntsev thiab oxalic acid yog ntau txaus ntshai rau tib neeg cov neeg ua hauj tshaj lub tshuaj cov khoom ntawm ethylene, uas yog ua nyob rau hauv loj scale raug thiab ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov polyethylene (thiab los yeej muaj mus ua ib zaj duab xis, ntim, thiab lwm yam khoom uas pab). Yuav kawm ntau txog yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov kev piam sij ntawm:

1. Nrog malnutrition. Ib tug piv txwv piv txwv - oxalic acid. MPC rau reservoirs yog 0.5 mg / dm3. Nws muaj ib tug heev nyob rau hauv beet (0.61%), ntsuab dos (1.48%), zaub txhwb qaib (1.70%), spinach (0.97%), rhubarb (0.75%). Yog li, Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj muaj xws li ib nrab beet (hauv paus hnyav 300 g), tib neeg lub cev tau txais txog 1 g ntawm oxalic acid. Tuag koob, raws li ib txhia cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog suav tias yog 5g haus.
2. Nrog kev haus luam yeeb. Txhua rau lub vib nas this vim rau cov kab mob uas muaj feem rau kev haus luam yeeb, lub ntiaj teb no yog tuag rau ib tug neeg - yog lub LEEJ TWG cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cai txhua xyoo nce nyob rau hauv lub neej no. Qhov ntawd los ntawm 2020 yuav tsum los ntawm cov loj xov tooj yuav ob npaug thiab ncav cuag 10 lab. Ib xyoo.

Nws yog pom tseeb tias qhov teeb meem tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, tsis tau tsuas yog vim unfavorable tej yam kev mob, raws li tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau xov xwm, tab sis kuj vim hais tias ntawm lub irrational tib neeg tus cwj pwm. Txawm tias lub caij tau txais ntaub ntawv uas pab, tus neeg tseem tsis tau noj, haus luam yeeb, haus dej haus cawv los yog siv tshuaj yeeb. Tsuas yog to taub qhov txaus ntshai los ntawm qhov chaw mus xuas thiab muab tsis tau phem, yuav zoo heev txo tej yam ntawm teeb meem tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub cev.