Kev Kawm Ntawv Laus Lavxias teb sab xeev

Raws li ib co kev soj ntsuam, tus tsim ntawm lub ancient Lavxias teb sab xeev yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm combining Eastern Slavic pab pawg neeg. Txawm li cas los, muaj kev tsis sib haum ntawm ntau historians nyob rau tsim ntawm lub hwj chim. Qhov no yog vim originated txog 200 xyoo dhau los, thiaj li hu ua "Norman kev tshawb xav".

Cov ancient keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo 862 yog xa mus rau raws li lub sij hawm txoj hauj lwm Varangian princes nrog hom tshaj lawv Rurik nyob rau hauv lub Slavic pawg neeg thaj av. Qhov no yuav tsum tau muaj arisen vim lub loj hlob ntawm sab hauv strife. Lub inhabitants ntawm Scandinavia (None-Vikings) yog hu ua nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw "sab qaum teb neeg" - tus Normans.

Sib tham txog lawv txoj hauj lwm pib nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua tom qab lub founding ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences thiab cov kho ntawm Peter 1. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, caw mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Schletzer, Miller thiab Bayer los ua tus founders ntawm kev xav txog yuav ua li cas txoj kev kawm ntawv yog lub qub Lavxias teb sab xeev. "Norman kev tshawb xav" qhia hais tias lub xeev coj cov Scandinavians. Yog li, lub hwj chim yog tsis tsim los ntawm lub Slavs, thiab cov thawj, cov Vikings. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm pib kis, thiab lwm yam, "antinormannskoe assumption." Nws founders, Lomonosov thiab Trediakovskii sib cav hais tias lub tsim ntawm lub ancient Lavxias teb sab xeev yog ib tug credit rau lub Slavs.

Nyob rau hauv ib degree los yog lwm, feem ntau ntawm cov historians nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 twb proponents ntawm speculation txog cov tsim ntawm lub Vikings powers. Txawm li cas los, lub keeb kwm kev kawm ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th Norman kev tshawb xav raug teeb meem loj thuam. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, hnub no feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab soj ntsuam ntawm keeb kwm tsis kam lees Vajtswv lub cawv ntawm ib co ntawm cov Normans nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab statehood, tab sis raws li ntawm no cawv tsis yog exaggerated.

Nyob rau hauv lub Eastern Slavic pab pawg neeg, cov thawj coj hu ua tus tub huabtais. Pedigree ntawm cov vaj ntxwv thiab princes ntawm lub xeev tau ua los ntawm tub huabtais Rurik lub Vikings.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Rurik, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Novgorod, lub Vikings tuaj rau lub Dnieper. Tus thawj uas kav lub ancient Russia yog Oleg. Hais txog kev tswj nws tseem ntaub ntawv. Oleg pib unifying lub pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lub Slavic pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv 882, nws yuav Kyiv, tua reigned muaj Askold thiab dir. Ua lub nroog lub capital, Oleg hu ua nws "leej niam ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub zos." Yog li, muaj ib lub tsim ntawm Laus Lavxias teb sab xeev Kievan Rus.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Oleg kuv muaj ib co zoo battles nrog mighty Byzantium, ob zaug nws mus yuav taug mus Constantinople. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev ua nyob rau hauv lub 907 thiab 911 xyoo Russia tau nkag mus rau hauv dej siab kev sib haum xeeb ntawv cog lus.

Laus Lavxias teb sab xeev tsim txuas ntxiv tom qab tom qab Oleg tau zoo los ntawm Igor. Raws li ib txhia qhov chaw, nws yog tus tub ntawm Rurik. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Igor txuas ntxiv xam nrog ntawm Kievan Rus txawv pab pawg neeg formations. Yog li ntawd, nws yog instrumental nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yug ntawm Lavxias teb sab settlements nyob rau hauv lub ceg av qab teb ntawm Taman, subdued incriminating. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Igor heev nquag txuas ntxiv qhov txawv teb chaws txoj cai ntawm Oleg. Tom qab cov tub rog campaigns tiv thaiv Byzantium nws kos npe rau nws nyob rau hauv 944 thiab ob tog pab daim ntawv cog lus. Ib qho ntawm thawj tub huabtais Igor collided nrog ib tug Turkish pej xeem pab pawg neeg - Pechenegs.

Tus thawj kav lub npe hu keeb kwm, yog Olga, tus poj ntsuam ntawm tub huabtais Igor. Princess tswj los tuav nyob rau hauv los muaj hwj chim, tsis tsuas tshaj Kiev, tab sis kuj rau tag nrho cov Rus. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Olga yog nruj me ntsis cai tributary cov luag num.

Laus Lavxias teb sab xeev kev kawm ntawv lasted kom txog thaum lub reign ntawm Yaroslav (1019-1054). Qhov no kav yog nicknamed "lub Wise". Jaroslav koom lawv lub hwj chim yuav luag tag nrho cov ancient Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av. Tub huabtais coj lub "Lavxias teb sab tseeb" thawj PatientsÕ code. Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign lub faj tim teb chaws mus txog rau hauv lub qhov siab ntawm nws lub hwj chim.