Tsim, Zaj dabneeg
Barrage detachments nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. 33 barrage detachment, detachment barrage 63, 53 pab tub rog
Txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Khrushchev "thaw" Ib txhia historians twb ua tib zoo nurtured thiab "kuaj" rau hnub no ib tug "dreadful thiab txaus ntshai" tswvyim hais ua dabneeg. Qhov no yog ib taleas txog yuav ua li cas lub barrier tsev, muas thaum chiv thawj tsim nrog zoo-txhais, tsim nyog thiab ncaj ncees lub hom phiaj, tam sim no tig mus rau hauv ib tug ntshai heev movie.
Yuav ua li cas yog nws?
Tus heev tswvyim ntawm no cov tub rog tsim yog heev vague, nws hais tias, inter alia, ntawm "ua tej yam kev pab raws qib rau ib tug tej yam sector ntawm pem hauv ntej." Los ntawm qhov no koj yuav to taub txawm tsim ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib platoon rau tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj. Ob lub muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tus naj npawb ntawm kev pab raws qib barrage detachments thoob plaws hauv lub tsov rog hloov ntau lub sij hawm. Thaum tus thawj defensive tub cheev xwm?
Lub keeb kwm ntawm tshwm sim
Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias twb nyob rau hauv 1941 lub legendary NKVD subdivided rau hauv ob disparate khoom: Committee on Internal Affairs thiab hauv lub Xeev Security Department (NKGB). Counterintelligence, thiab los ntawm uas mus detachments, nws twb spun tawm los ntawm lub Commissariat ntawm Internal Affairs. Qhov kawg ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 1941 nws twb muab ib tug tshwj xeeb qhia txog kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, thiab ces tus tsim ntawm lub tshwj xeeb qhov chaw.
Nws yog ces hais tias tus thawj heev defensive chav tsev yog tsim los pab, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog ntes deserters thiab "txawv" nyob ze rau pem hauv ntej. Tsis yog "tiav txoj cai" ntawm cov pab pawg twb tsis yog, lawv yuav tsuas tuav "lub caij" ua raws li los ntawm kev coj nws mus rau cov tub ceev xwm.
lawv ua li cas muaj nuj nqi?
Nws yog ib cov barrage detachments nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II ua si ib tug tshaj plaws hauj lwm tseem ceeb. Ib zaug ntxiv, tsis muaj "loj executions" nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev txiav txim tsis yog: cov ntaub ntawv rau lwm yuav tsum tau teem defenses tiv thaiv German counterattacks thiab ntes deserters los ntawm cov hla kev ntawm lub soj tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no 12 teev (!).
Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tsuas lagged qab nws qhov chaw (uas yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm tej nyob rau hauv 1941), nws, dua, tsis muaj ib tug txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ob qho kev xaiv: yog ib tug tub rog xa mus rau tib ib feem, los yog (ntau zaus) lawv txhawb cov nyob ze cov tub rog unit.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub barrage detachments nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm ntawm "lim" los ntawm kev uas dhau cov neeg uas dim los ntawm German kev poob cev qhev, thiab cov neeg nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab, uas nws muaj pov thawj yog undeniable. Ib tug cov ntaub ntawv nyob qhov twg ib tug detachment ntawm German cov tub soj xyuas tau ntes tau ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm ... clips! Commandants pom hais tias "ob Soviet troops" rau cov ntaub ntawv (zoo tagnrho, los ntawm txoj kev) tshiab clip ntawm stainless steel! Yog li ntawd nws yog tsis tsim nyog los xav txog lub tua hluav taws ntawm Internal pab tub rog ntawm tej neeg tua neeg thiab sadists. Thiab nws yog vim hais tias lawv sawv cev rau ntau niaj hnub qhov chaw ...
Lub sib ntaus tawm tsam banditry thiab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub 33rd detachments
Ib tug ntawm cov kev pab raws qib uas cas "tsis nco qab" tej pawg ntawm cov historians, yog sib ntaus tawm tsam banditry, uas nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam coj tab rampant. Yog li, piv txwv li, muaj pov thawj yuav tsum muaj cov teeb meem unit 33 (Northwest ntug).
Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tuam txhab faib los ntawm lub Baltic Fleet. Rau nws lawm "ob" txawm tias ib tug ob peb armored tsheb. Qhov no detachment ua nyob rau hauv Estonian forests. Qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv cov chaw yog loj heev: desertion nyob rau hauv lub zos yog ib feem ntawm yuav luag tsis yog, tab sis cov tub rog yog tiv thaiv lub zos chav nyob ntawm lub Nazis. Me gangs yog lossi rov me me detachments ntawm cov tub rog thiab civilians.
Estonian txheej xwm
Sai li sai tau raws li qhov kev ua si nkag mus hauv lub "nqaim tshwj xeeb" ntawm lub NKVD, lub provocative cwj pwm ntawm bandits sai sai extinguished. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1941, yog ib tug barrage detachments koom nyob rau hauv lub cheb ntawm cov kob Virtsu, tawg raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog liab counterattack. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv txoj kev twb tag pov tseg nrhiav tau ib German outpost. Tau neutralized ntau bandits yeej pro-fascist cov koom haum nyob rau hauv Tallinn. Barrage detachments muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntse kev ua ub no. Peb twb hais lub tag, los ua "sawv cev" ntawm lub Baltic Fleet, mus ntxias cov kuaj txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub Germans muaj aircraft.
Thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua rau Tallinn tib detachments koom nyob rau hauv lub hardest sib ntaus sib tua, shielding (tsis shooting), lub retreating cov tub rog thiab ntaus lub Germans counter-nres. Nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 27, muaj ib tug txaus ntshai sib ntaus sib tua, thaum lub sij hawm uas peb tib neeg pheej muab pov tawv ncauj tus nrog sib ntaus. Tsuas yog vim lawv heroism ua tau ib lub koom haum tawm.
Thaum lub sij hawm no battles tua ntau tshaj li 60% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ua ntawm cov teeb meem chav tsev, nrog rau cov commanders. Pom zoo, qhov no yog tsis zoo heev rau cov duab ntawm lub "cowardly komendacha" nkaum qab cov tub rog. Tom qab, cov tib tsim koom nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam bandits Kronstadt.
Commander ntawm lub tswj nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1941
Yog vim li cas yog muaj xws li ib tug phem lub npe nyob rau hauv lub barrage qhov chaw? Qhov no yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1941 twb cim los ntawm tsis tshua muaj neeg yooj yim teeb meem no nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Nws twb tso cai rau cov tsim ntawm tshwj xeeb units nyob rau hauv cov seem, uas tau muaj pov thawj rau lawv tus kheej yuav tsum tau "tsis ruaj tsis khov". Cia li ib lub lim tiam, qhov no tau kis mus rau tag nrho pem hauv ntej. Thiab yog dab tsi, muaj yog dab tsi thaiv ntawm lub NKVD troops tua txhiab tus dawb huv cov txiv neej? Ntawm cov hoob kawm tsis tau!
Subordinate mus rau lub commander ntawm lub detachment division, twb armed tsheb thiab hnyav khoom. Lub ntsiab hauj lwm - rau muaj kev txiav txim, kev pab los hais kom ua chaw. defensive squads neeg muaj cai siv tub rog muaj riam phom nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg yuav tsum tau mus rau halt tus tawm los yog tshem tawm cov feem ntau vicious alarmists. Tab sis lub cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis tshua muaj.
hom
Yog li, muaj ob pawg ntawm detachments: ib consisted ntawm lub NKVD cov tub rog thiab deserters yog ntes tau, thiab lub thib ob - cia masterful retreats. Cov yav tas muaj ib tug ntau dua lub xeev, raws li muaj li ntawm cov tub rog, tsis tub rog ntawm Internal pab tub rog. Thiab txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv cov tswv cuab raug cai tsuas mus rau cov tua ntawm ib tug neeg alarmists! Tsis muaj leej twg puas tau ntawm lawv tus kheej cov tub rog en masse tsis tua! Ntxiv mus, yog hais tias tus ntaub ntawv counterattack, namely "defensive squads ntawm lub beasts" coj tag nrho cov Brunt ntawm tas fighters orderly tawm.
Tau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm
Judging los ntawm 1941, cov qhov chaw (tshwj xeeb yog distinguished 33 defensive squads) tau tuav txog 657 364 tus neeg. Kev lig kev cai puas tau raug ntes 25.878 neeg. Txhaj tshuaj los ntawm kab lus ntawm lub tsev hais plaub-martial 10 201 tus neeg. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus xa rov qab mus rau pem hauv ntej.
Tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm lub barrage detachments nyob rau hauv lub tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow. Txij li thaum kev sib ntaus los npaj chav nyob rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog nws tus kheej tsuas Corporate, cov neeg ua ntawm cov NKVD tub rog tau cia ntawm ib tug nqi, lawv lub koom haum, competent defenses. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, lub barrage detachments tau tsim rau cov teg num ntawm lub zos cov tub ceev xwm thiab tub ceev xwm lub cev.
Lub Xya hli ntuj 28, 1942 publishes tus nqi ntawm lub hais tsis zoo thiaj № 227 NGOs. Nws kom tus creation ntawm cais units nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm tsis ruaj tsis khov qhov chaw. Raws li nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los cov ntaub ntawv, cov tub rog muaj ib tug cai yuav tsum tau txhaj xwb tej alarmists thiab luv yeem tso lawv txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua. Pab tub rog tau muab tag nrho cov tsim nyog tsheb thauj mus los, nyob rau hauv lawv tshooj muab tso rau lub feem ntau muaj peev xwm commanders. Muaj kuj cais barrage battalions rau lub division theem.
Tau hostilities 63rd detachments
Los ntawm nruab nrab-Lub kaum hli ntuj 1942 tau teem 193 tub rog detachment. By lub sij hawm no lawv muaj kev tswj los tuav 140.755 Red Army. Puas tau raug ntes nyob 3980 ntawm lawv, raug tua nyob rau hauv 1189 cov tub rog. Tag nrho cov so raug xa mus rau shtrafchasti. Don thiab Stalingrad chaw yog cov feem ntau loj heev, muaj twb kaw ib tug nce tus naj npawb ntawm arrests thiab detentions. Tab sis qhov no - "khoom". Nws yog tseem ceeb uas cov qhov chaw muaj ib tug tiag tiag kev pab rau lawv cov lug txhawb cov miv nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau ib qho tseem ceeb lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus.
Yog li ntawd qhia tias nws 63 defensive squads (53 Army), los rau cov kev pab ntawm nws qhov chaw, uas yog "ob". Nws yuam cov Germans kom txhob offensive. Yuav ua li cas cov lus xaus raws li ntawm qhov no? Haum yooj yim.
Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov tebchaw nyob rau hauv es ua kev txiav txim yog heev siab heev, lawv kuj tau rov qab mus rov qab mus rau pem hauv ntej loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua. Yog li ntawd, ib zaug hauv lub 29th infantry Division, nyob rau hauv uas lub flank tswj mus ua txhaum lub advancing German tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv ib tug ntshai pib thim rov qab. Filatov NKVD lieutenant coj nws cov tub cheev xwm kom tsis txhob khiav mus ua ke nrog lawv nyob rau hauv lub tuaj lub sib ntaus sib tua txaus.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug txawm ntau nyuaj teeb meem ntawm lub barrage, nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm cov tib Filatov tau enabled tub rog loj ntaus tus tub rog cov kev faib mus Retreat, lub heev thaum pib ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov yeeb ncuab erupting, yuam nws mus rau Retreat.
Lawv yog leej twg?
Nyob rau hauv ib qho tseem ceeb lub sijhawm, cov tub rog tsis tau tua lawv tus kheej thiab zoo-ncaav tiv thaiv thiab coj lub offensive lawv tus kheej. Piv txwv li, lub rooj plaub thaum lub 112-th infantry Division, nyob rau hauv hnyav sib ntaus sib tua tom qab poob yuav luag 70% (!) Ntawm lawv cov neeg ua, tau txais qhov kev txiav txim rau Retreat. Es tsis txhob, txoj hauj lwm ntawm txoj kev theej txhoj defensive tub cheev xwm lieutenant Khlystova uas tuav txoj hauj lwm rau plaub hnub, ua rau nws mus txog rau lub reinforcements.
Ib tug zoo xws li cov ntaub ntawv - tus tiv thaiv ntawm "dev ntawm lub NKVD" Stalingrad chaw nres tsheb. Txawm tias nws luaj li cas, uas yog npaum li cas ua tsis tau zoo rau lub German, lawv yog ib cov ob peb hnub mus tuav txoj hauj lwm thiab tos rau qhov mus kom ze ntawm lub 10 tus tub rog Division.
Yog li, lub barrage detachments - detachments ntawm no "kawg lub caij nyoog." Yog hais tias cov txiv neej ntawm lub linear ib feem unmotivated tawm lawv txoj haujlwm, cov mej zeej ntawm lawv battalion barrage nres. Yog hais tias ib tug tub rog unit yog ib tug hnyav poob nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov superior rog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, "zaus tej," uas lawv mus rub rov qab thiab lawv tus kheej mus ntxiv rau sib ntaus sib tua. Cias muab, lub barrage detachments - qhov no tub rog ntawm lub USSR, thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ua si rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv "bastions". Part muaj li ntawm cov NKVD, cov lwm yam, yuav tau koom nyob rau hauv cov cim ntawm German kab mob thiab tuag deserters. Thaum lawv ua hauj lwm tau ua tiav?
End of ua hauj lwm
Kev txiav txim hnub tim 29 Lub kaum hli ntuj 1944 lub barrage detachments tau disbanded nyob rau hauv lub Red Army. Yog hais tias lub neeg tau recruited los ntawm cov pa linear feem raug tsim zoo xws li cov tebchaw. NKVD fighters raug xa mus rau tshwj xeeb "ya squads" uas nws ua si tau tsom txais criminals. Deserters twb yuav luag tsis yog. Txij li thaum cov neeg ua hauj ntawm ntau detachments tau recruited los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws (!) Cov tub rog ntawm nws qhov chaw, cov neeg no feem ntau kuj xa rau ntxiv cov kev tshawb fawb tsim lub tshiab caj qaum ntawm lub Soviet Army.
Yog li, lub "bloodlust" ntawm tej qhov chaw - tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug ruam thiab txaus ntshai tswvyim hais ua dabneeg, uas offends lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg uas dim lub teb chaws seized los ntawm Nazi pab tub rog.
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