Movses Horenatsi: A Biography, "Keeb kwm ntawm Armenia"

Armenian historiography yog tus hiob nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus. Nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thaum lub 9-10 th centuries, thawj Georgian chroniclers pib sau lawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Byzantine cov tsev qiv ntawv twb muab cov khoom Hazara Parpetsi, Favst Byzantine, Koryun, Yeghishe thiab Khorenatsi. Xeem Kertohaayr khwv tau lub npe menyuam yaus, uas translates li "leej txiv ntawm historians". Meej ntawm nws tej hauj lwm los teeb rau lub ancient keeb kwm ntawm Armenia thiab yog ib qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov uas nyob ib sab cov teb chaws uas muaj nyob rau hauv tus ze East rau 5-6 xyoo pua AD.

Movses Horenatsi: Phau ntawv sau txog ib tug tub hluas

Txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv txog lub neej ntawm lub chronicler tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Lub tsuas qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub neej ntawm Khorenatsi yog nws ua hauj lwm "Keeb kwm ntawm Armenia", nyob rau hauv uas nws tej zaum yuav ua rau retreats thiab cites ib co lus tseeb hais txog cov txheej xwm uas tau tshwm sim rau nws tus kheej.

Feeb nws yog lam xav hais tias cov historian yug nyob rau hauv lub zos Khoren Syunik cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub 5 xyoo pua. Nws yog nws lub npe txuam nrog lub npe menyuam yaus ntawm tus chronicler. Nws translates li "Movses ntawm Khoren". Raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm tus sau, nws tau txais nws thawj hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg zos, nyob qhov twg lub acting lub tsev kawm ntawv, nrhiav tau los ntawm tus creator ntawm lub Armenian tsab ntawv Mesrop Mashtots. Tom qab ntawd nws twb raug xa mus kawm nyob rau hauv Vagharshapat qhov twg Movses Khorenatsi kawm Greek, Pahlavi (Middle Persian) thiab Syriac lus. Ces, cov qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov tub ntxhais kawm, nws raug xa mus ntxiv nws kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Edessa, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev cai chaw ntawm lub cheeb tsam. hluas schoolboy successes twb yog li cuab kev hais tias nws tau txais qhov kev pom zoo thiab tau mus kawm nyob rau hauv Alexandria - ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj lub zos ntawm cov Roman Empire ntawm lub caij lub sij hawm, qhov uas nws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv kom meej nrog cov Neo-Platonic philosophy.

Tom qab rov qab los tsev

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias thaum nws rov qab mus rau Armenia, Movses Khorenatsi, ua ke nrog rau lwm cov Mashtots thiab nws cov thwj tim txhais phau Vajlugkub mus rau lub Armenian lus, ua ib tug ntawm cov thawj "targmanich". Tom qab ntawd cov tau pov thawj canonized.

tuag

Nyob rau hauv 428, Armenia yog invaded thiab faib nruab nrab ntawm lub Byzantine Empire thiab Persia. Ua ntej nws tuag Movses Khorenatsi wrote: "Kuv quaj thiab tu siab rau koj, lub teb chaws Armenia ... Koj tsis muaj lawm huab tais, tsis muaj pov thawj, tsis muaj tus cwj pwm thiab txawm cov xib fwb! Chaos thiab shaken orthodoxy. Ignorance peb sowed psevdomudrost. Pov thawj - khav qia nrog penance rau nws daim di ncauj, tub nkeeg, nquag cov txiv neej uas ntxub kos duab thiab hlub cov hnub caiv thiab ib tug haus dej ... ".

"Keeb kwm ntawm Armenia"

Qhov no loj ua hauj lwm lub neej Khorenatsi npog lub sij hawm txij li thaum lub kev tsim tsa ntawm lub Armenian neeg mus rau lub thib tsib caug xyoo AD. Nws lub ntsiab nqi lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias phau ntawv no yog thawj kev daim ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws lub keeb kwm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws muaj ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub mythology, tej hauj lwm ntawm dab neeg, pagan kev ntseeg, poluunichtozhennoy ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau, cov puab lub neej ntawm lub xeev thiab nws cov nom tswv thiab nyiaj txiag kev sib raug zoo nrog lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv nws, muaj kuj yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm neighboring lub teb chaws.

Chronicle muaj peb qhov chaw:

• "Genealogy ntawm Great Armenia", nrog rau cov annals ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm nws keeb kwm mus rau lub mythological nrhiav nyob rau hauv 149, lub xyoo BC Arshakids dynasty.
• "Statement ntawm nruab nrab keeb kwm ntawm peb pog koob yawg koob" cas (ua ntej qhov kev tuag ntawm St. Gregory lub Illuminator).
• Xaus (mus txog 428 AD. AD, thaum muaj ib tug caij nplooj zeeg Arshakids, uas yog nws tus kheej ib tug tim khawv rau cov dynasty Armenian historian).

Pseudo-Khorenatsi

Muaj yog ib tug 4 daim, uas, raws li feem ntau soj ntsuam ntawm, sau los ntawm ib tug tsis paub sau, uas tau coj tuaj rau qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub reign uas huab tais Zeno, uas tuaj rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 474-491 xyoo. Tus thawj 3 qhov chaw kuj muaj anachronisms, tsis tooj mus rau cov ntaub ntawv qhia los ntawm Laxalau Parpetsi thiab Koryun. Cov yav tas nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm qhia lub hav zoov ntawm tus npis sov hu ua Movses.

Nws yog tseem tsis paub hais tias vim li cas tus neeg sau thiab tus anonymous editor ntawm lub 4 ib feem ntawm lub "Keeb kwm ntawm Armenia" coj lub npe ntawm Khorenatsi. Muaj yog ib tug version uas nws npaj rau glorify lub dynasty Bagratuni li hais tias thaum lub kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 7 yog hom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub 885 xyoo reign rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Ashot thawj. Feem ntau cov yuav, pseudo-Khorenatsi hauj lwm yog los npaj rau hauv av rau cov sawv ntawm no dynasty.

creation

Cov phau ntawv "Keeb kwm ntawm Armenia" Khorenatsi - tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug txawj ua hauj lwm sau los ntawm tus chronicler. Nws kuj hu ua ib tug kws ntawv ntawm tej zaj nkauj, kws sau paj lug thiab grammarian. Ntawm nws cov hauj lwm yog cov nram qab no:

• "Rhetoric".
• "Geography" (tus sau ntawm no ua hauj lwm, ib co kev soj ntsuam yuav mus xav seb Ananias Shirakatsi).
• "Nws yog hais txog tus dawb huv martyr nkauj xwb Hripsime".
• "Qhia ntawm lub cev hloov hlo ntawm Tswv Yexus."
• "Comments rau lub Armenian qauv sau ntawv" thiab li ntawd.

Raws li yog ib txoj kev cai nyob rau thawj Armenian monk-sau ntawv, nws tej hauj lwm, tsis hais ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus, muaj ib tug tawm, nyob rau hauv uas nws qhia cov uas niaj hnub kom paub meej los yog piav qhia txog cov txheej xwm uas tshwm sim nrog cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub lag luam. Literary ntawv unconditional txawj sau ntawv thiab poetic txuj ci Khorenatsi, uas yog tshwj xeeb yog tshwm nyob rau hauv nws zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv thiab cov lus qhuab qhia.

scientific sib cav tswv yim

Qhov tseeb hais tias Movses Khorenatsi yog ib tug neeg tiag tiag, thaum lub caij yog tsis nyob rau hauv tsis sib haum. Txawm li cas los, muaj ntau yam Western historians pom zoo hais tias Khorenatsi nyob 400 xyoo thiab hais tias nws ua hauj lwm ntau npaum li cas tom qab ntawd, nruab nrab ntawm cov muaj hnub nyoog 7-9. Yog vim li cas yog hais nyob rau hauv lub "Keeb kwm ntawm Armenia" ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov npe teej tug mus rau ib tug tom qab lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, lub Armenian chronicler ntawm lub neej kev soj ntsuam lawv hais tias, tau tso tom qab, tus haujsam-xib hwb, uas hloov lub obsolete lub npe ntawm settlements, dej ntws thiab cov cheeb tsam uas niaj hnub lawv.

Ua teb thiab lub fact tias Khorenatsi yog ib tug thwj tim ntawm Mesrop Mashtots li tejzaum nws hu nws tus kheej li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab. Nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus tseeb version kuj yog tseeb hais tias cov Armenians, thiab hnub no yog hu ua tus creator ntawm nws sau ntawv rau hauv lub Great Teacher.

Ib txhia anachronisms nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm "Keeb kwm ntawm Armenia" nrum tus duab ntxoov ntxoo rau cov ntaubntawv uas tus neeg muas zaub yog huab tais Khorenatsi Sahak Bagratuni. Tej zaum nws lub npe twb tseem inscribed rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev nom kev tswv xav txog kev teem.

Armenian historian Khorenatsi ua si ib tug lossis loj lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub kab lis kev cai ntawm nws cov neeg. Ua tsaug rau nws monumental hauj lwm yuav tsum vov ib lub sij hawm ntawm ob peb txhiab xyoo, peb hnov ntau yam myths xwb thiab legends, raws li zoo raws li twb tau ua tag nrho cov duab ntawm cov txheej xwm thiab kev puas tsuaj uas thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej paub cov neeg.

Armenians rau hnub no nrog zoo tswm seeb rau Khorenatsi, thiab txhua txhua schoolchild paub txog nws pab mus rau lub culture ntawm lawv lub teb chaws.