Alexander Sumarokov: A Biography "txiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam"

Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, uas nws biography yog inextricably txuas nrog rau txoj kev ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua, yog xav tau cov "txiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam." Nws nws tau txais kev pab raws li playwright thiab librettist. Nws pab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, tsa vim hais tias ntawm nws poetic tej hauj lwm rau ib tug tshiab qhov siab thaum lub sij hawm. Nws lub npe tau ncaim mus nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia.

Cov tub hluas ntxhais txais rau ib tug ancient noble lub npe

Kaum ib hlis 25, Tsaw Chaw 1717 nyob rau hauv Moscow mus rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm Ensign Peter Sumarokova tus tub, uas lub npe hu ua Alexander. Zoo li ntau cov me nyuam ntawm cov hiob noble tsev neeg, namely, ib tug ntawm lawv tau koom rau cov genus Sumarokov, lawv pib kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm tus tub hluas nyob hauv tsev nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov xib fwb thiab pab qhia ntawv ua hauj lwm los ntawm nws niam nws txiv.

Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, cov hluas noblemen muab nyiam mus rau ib tug tub rog ua hauj lwm. Kuv tsis muaj kev zam thiab Alexander Sumarokov. Biography ntawm nws ywj siab lub neej pib nrog puas tau txij li thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum tsib nws nkag mus hauv lub teb chaws Gentry Corps, qhib nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Anny Ioannovny. Tsis pub dhau nws cov phab ntsa nws siv yim lub xyoo, thiab ntawm no rau cov thawj lub sij hawm pib kawm ntaub ntawv.

Cadet Corps thiab cov yavtom ntej cov hauj lwm

Lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb nyob rau hauv lub Cadet Corps aspiring txawj sau ntawv sau paj huam thiab lyrics, qauv rau cov tej hauj lwm ntawm Fabkis sau phau ntawv thiab nws compatriot Vladimir Trediakovsky. Nws thawj poetic thwmsim yog poetic transcriptions ntawm lub Psalms. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws thiaj li tawm tau kev txiav txim ntawm lawv comrades - sau rau congratulatory Ode kav nyob rau hauv cov xyoo lub Empress Anne Ioannovne, uas yog heev npaum li cas nyob rau hauv zam.

Nyob rau hauv 1740, cov tub ntxhais hluas kawm ntawv tiav corps ntawm tub ceev xwm yog Alexander Sumarokov. Biography hais tias nws lub neej yog nyob rau hauv cov xyoo yog zoo dua puas tau. Thaum nees nkaum peb xyoos, nws enlisted nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Count Munnich, tsis ntev ua lub thawj private secretary suav Golovin, ces lub hwjchim loj dua Alekseya Razumovskogo. Tab sis txawm yuav qhib li hauj lwm, nws dedicates nws tus kheej rau cov ntaub ntawv. Nws mlom nyob rau hauv cov xyoo - Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, nto moo Ode uas los ua ib tug qauv rau Sumarokova kev sib raug zoo thiab ib thaj av nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb rau muaj tswv yim txoj kev.

Tus thawj zoo-deserved lub koob meej

Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj tseeb artist yuav tsis txaus siab rau tsuas yog ib tug ib yam li hais tias tsim los ntawm lwm tus neeg, nws yog ib txwm ischot tus kheej style. Qhov no yog dab tsi Sumarokov. Biography ntawm nws muaj tswv yim lub neej yeej pib thaum twg, nyob rau hauv lub khw txiav ntawm lub kev txawj ntse aristocracy ntawm St. Petersburg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov npe ntawm cov nws txoj kev hlub songs. Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem raug xaiv los ntawm tus sau yog tsis lo. Nws yog nws leej twg tso cai rau feem ntau qhib lub xeev ntawm lub siab ntawm Alexander - ib tug ci ntsa iab hluas tub ceev xwm, tag nrho cov ntawm romantic yaam puab paub peculiar rau nws lub hnub nyoog.

Tab sis qhov tiag koob meej tau coj nws uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub nyob rau hauv 1747 hais tias nws yuav poetic yeebyam "Horev". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws twb luam tawm thiab ua muaj rau cov pej xeem, uas ua rau nws lub npe thoob teb chaws. Tom qab ntawd, kuj nyob rau ntawm lub tsev hais plaub, ua ob peb daim, tus neeg sau ntawm uas yog Sumarokov. Biography ntawm nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm lub sij hawm no mus rau ib tug tshiab theem - nws ua ib tug kev txawj sau ntawv.

Rich muaj tswv yim lub neej Sumarokova

Nyob rau hauv 1752 muaj ib tug tseem ceeb tshwm sim. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna kos npe rau ib tsab cai coj los ntawm Yaroslavl koj theatrical daim duab ntawm cov xyoo F. G. Volkova thiab thov nws mus npaj Russia tus thawj tas mus li ua yeeb yam, uas nws tus thawj coj tau tsa Sumarokov.

Luv luv biography ntawm nws tsuas nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav yuav muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm lub invaluable pab uas tau ua tus txiv neej no nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab theem ntawm lub neej, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tiam tom ntej, nws tau raug fwm raws li cov "txiv ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam", thiab qhov no yuav pom zoo, yog xav paub ntau eloquent tshaj tej lo lus.

Nws muaj tswv yim legacy ntawm unusually dav. Suffice nws nco qab lub yim xwm txheej uas tuaj ntawm nws cwj mem, nees nkaum peb comedies thiab opera libretti. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Sumarokov tshuav ib tug tseem ceeb cim nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev sau ntawv teb. Nws tej hauj lwm yog sau rau ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm kev kawm phau ntawv journal "Hli writings", thiab nyob rau hauv 1759 nws pib mus rau luam tawm nws tus kheej magazine "Hard-ua hauj lwm muv." Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej ntawm luam tawm heev heev collections ntawm nws cov kwv huam thiab lus ntsuag.

Qhov kawg ntawm tus kws sau paj lug lub neej thiab nco txog xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv

Tsev ua yeeb yam Guide Sumarokov nqa tawm ua ntej 1761. Tom qab ntawd, nws nyob rau ib txhia lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub capital, thiab ces nyob rau hauv 1769 tau tsiv mus rau Moscow. Ntawm no nws muaj ib tug loj teeb meem nrog lub commander ntawm P. Saltykov, lub sab uas tau txais lub Empress. Qhov no ua rau cov kws sau paj lug kev xav kev poob plig thiab entails loj teeb meem nyiaj txiag. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm kev nyuaj siab, nyob rau hauv lub seventies, nws, raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm, sau nws zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, xws li "Dmitry lub ua txuj", "Vzdorschitsa" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Nws tuag rau Lub kaum hli ntuj 12, 1777 thiab raug faus nyob rau Donskoy tojntxas nyob hauv Moscow.

Xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tag nrho cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm tus txiv neej no mus rau lub Fatherland. Thaum tus naas ej monument "xyoo txhiab of Russia" ntawm cov tseem ceeb keeb kwm nuj nqis ntawm lub xeev thiab yog sawv cev los ntawm Alexander Sumarokov (yees duab ntawm cov kwv nyeem ntawv yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv). Nyob rau hauv nws sau loj hlob tiam ntawm paj huam uas tau lub yeeb koob thiab muaj nuj nqis ntawm peb cov kab lis kev cai, thiab nws theatrical tej hauj lwm tau ua ib phau ntawv rau yav tom ntej playwrights.