Ethanoic acid. Lub zog, kev npaj thiab kev siv

Ethanoic acid (lwm lub npe - acetic acid) - yog ib tug organic tshuaj uas yog ib tug yooj yim heev weaker carboxylic acid. Lub derivatives ntawm no acid yog hu ua acetates. Los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm no substance yuav tau ethanoic acid methyl ester: ethanal = + ethanoic acid methyl ester.
Lub zog ethanoic acid

1. ethanoic acid (formula - CH3COOH) yog ib tug ua kua tsis muaj xim thiab tsw thiab ib tug unpleasant qaub saj.
2. hygroscopic. Infinitely soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej.
3. ethanoic acid miscible nrog rau feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj. Nws yog zoo soluble gases thiab inorganic tebchaw xws li HI (hydrogen iodide), HF (hydrogen fluoride), HBr (hydrogen bromide), HCl (hydrochloric acid) thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.
4. Muaj li linear thiab cyclic dimers.
5. Lub dielectric qhov ntawm 6.1.
6. tiv cav tseb kub nyob rau hauv cov huab cua yog 454 degrees.
7. ethanoic acid ntaub ntawv azeotropes nrog carbon tetrachloride, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, heptane, ethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, o-xylene, p-xylene thiab bromoforom.

Ethanoic acid yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev:

1. Los ntawm oxidizing acetaldehyde nrog rau oxygen los ntawm cov huab cua. Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib lub hauv paus - manganese acetate ntawm ib tug kub ntawm los ntawm 50 mus rau 60 degrees. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no:

2CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + O2 (oxygen) = 2CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

2. Cov oxidative kev siv kev lag luam. Yav tas los rau ethanoic acid oxidation ntawm butane siv thiab acetaldehyde.

Atsetilaldegid oxidized xwb nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm manganese acetate ntawm txhawb siab thiab kub. Cov tawm los ntawm ethanoic acid yog hais txog cuaj caum-tsib feem pua.

2CH3CHO + O2 = 2CH3COOH

N-butane twb oxidized ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 150 rau 200 degrees. Thaum zoo li no cobalt acetate ua raws li ib lub hauv paus.

2C4H10 + 5O2 = 4CH3COOH + 2H2O

Tab sis vim yog lub tseem ceeb sawv nyob rau hauv cov roj nqi, ob qho tib si ntawm cov kev ua unprofitable thiab tau sai supplanted los ntawm ntau npaum txheej txheem rau cov carbonylation ntawm methanol.

3. Cov catalytic carbonylation ntawm methanol - yog ib tug tseem ceeb txoj kev rau synthesis ethanoic acid. Nws tshwm sim nyob ntawm kab zauv:

CH3OH + CO = CH3COOH

4. Muaj kuj biochemical ntau lawm txoj kev uas siv lub peev xwm ntawm kab ntawd los oxidize ethanol. Qhov no yog hu ua acetic fermentation. Thaum zoo li no yog siv raws li ib tug raw khoom aqueous ester ethyl cawv los yog etanolosoderzhaschie kua (fermented kua). Qhov no multi-step complex txheej txheem. Nws yuav piav tau los ntawm cov nram qab no kab zauv:
CH3CH2OH (ether cawv) + O2 (oxygen) = CH3COOH (ethanoic acid) + H2O
daim ntawv thov

- ethanoic acid aqueous dlaws siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam, ua noj ua haus thiab preservation;

- ethanoic acid yog siv los tsim odoriferous tshuaj thiab tshuaj (acetone, acetyl);

- siv nyob rau hauv lub dyeing thiab printing;

- raws li ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab rau cov oxidation ntawm ib co organic tshuaj (hydrogen peroxide oxidation ntawm sulfides);

- vim ethanoic acid officers muaj ib tug unpleasant pungent tsw, nws yuav siv tau es tsis txhob ntawm ammonia.