Duab puab - yog dab tsi? naas ej duab puab

Striving rau kev zoo nkauj, qhia nyob rau hauv kos duab - nws yog tej zaum qhov tshaj plaws xwb uas distinguishes txiv neej los ntawm cov tsiaj. Txij ancient sij hawm, cov neeg sim los tsim ib yam dab tsi zoo nkauj, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yos hav zoov thiab ciaj sia taus deducing qauv ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm nws lub qhov tsua. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tib neeg thiab tsim ib daim duab uas tau coj ntau thiab ntau tshiab cov ntaub ntawv. Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab hom fine art, duab yog duab puab. Yuav ua li cas yog cov duab puab thiab zoo li cas nws hom ua ib ke - nws yuav qhia nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Lub ntsiab yam khoom ntawm lub puab - tus neeg, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm kuj depict tsiaj, los yog lwm yam khoom. Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi cov khoom siv, raug xaiv thiab lawv coj txoj kev kho mob. Qhov no yuav ua tau ib tug molding, forging, stamping los yog casting.

Ua ntej tham txog tej tswvyim, koj yuav tsum tau muab ib qho kev txhais. Yuav ua li cas yog cov duab puab thiab dab tsi yog nws tus yam ntxwv? Cov teeb meem lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov lus teb yooj yim rau lo lus nug no tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim. Txawm li cas los, peb yuav ua tiag kom koj to taub nws.

Lus Txhais: "Yuav ua li cas yog cov duab puab?" Qhov ntau ntawm cov kev xaiv

Tej tswvyim los yog phenomenon coj txawv. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog hais tias txhua txhua critic saib qhov teeb meem los ntawm ib tug txawv lub. Yog li ntawd, txhua npaj nws lub ntsiab lus ntawm "puab". Yuav ua li cas yog cov duab puab, yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam dictionaries.

Raws li cov explanatory phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Efa-i, puab yog ib daim duab - los ua ib tug ntim (embossed) dluab siv ib tug molding, txiav los yog molding.

Nyob rau hauv lub explanatory phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Ushakov, koj yuav nrhiav tau cov nram qab no txhais: "Duab puab yog ib daim duab - qhov siv thiab ua tej los yog convex dluab - saum, reliefs, etc.".

Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho cov qhov chaw pom zoo hais tias cov duab puab - ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm cov kos duab. Thiab ntseeg tsis tau nws yeej yog tsis tsim nyog.

Duab puab. Yuav ua li cas yog cov duab puab?

Lub sij hawm nws tus kheej los ntawm lub Latin lo lus "Sculptura", uas lus translates li "puab" los yog "thread." Incidentally, lub sij hawm "puab" yog feem ntau siv raws li ib tug synonym rau lo lus "puab".

Heev zoo piav nws, Sergei Sobolev, ib tug txawj ntse hluas artist, "yog lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub siab txuam nrog rau hauv daim ntawv." Lub hauv paus ntawm tej puab yuav tsum raws nraim tus duab, lub ancient cov lus uas yog siv tau thiab to taub rau leej twg.

Keeb kwm ntawm cov duab puab

Lub keeb kwm ntawm no art daim ntawv mus rov qab mus rau antiquity, mus rau lub Paleolithic era, uas yog thaum muaj thawj ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Sculpture nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov dluab ntawm cov poj niam thiab cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub scene ntawm heev heev Paleolithic chaw nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws Europe - ib tug ntshiab kabke. Nyob rau hauv lub Neolithic ntau yam ntawm sculptural monuments txhab txawm ntau.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, feem ntau tsim yog qhov no zoo ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm ancient Greece. Qhov ntawd puab tau ua ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab yam ntaub ntawv ntawm kev qhia ntawm ancient Greek philosophy, lub hauv paus uas yog ib tug txiv neej muaj tus cwj pwm - ib tug sib haum xeeb tsim ob sab ntsuj plig thiab lub cev. Sauv rov qab saum cov gods, mythical heroes thiab cov tub rog tau tua los ntawm masters ntawm ancient Greece, uas nws yog ib tug duab puab ntawm ib tug lub neej yi. Yuav ua li cas yog cov duab puab nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab ntawm ancient Greek masters? Nws yog saum toj no tag nrho cov yooj thiab plasticity ntawm cov organic cov ntaub ntawv, raws li nyob rau hauv leej anatomical nthuav dav. Cov no zoo kawg masters ntawm ancient Greek duab puab yuav qhia tau los ntawm Phidias, Myron, Lysippus, Praxiteles thiab lwm yam.

Ib tug tshiab puag ncig ntawm txoj kev loj hlob tau txais ib tug duab puab nyob rau hauv XV-XVI centuries, thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ancient lig kev cai. Renaissance duab puab tau ua qhov chaw ntawm ltalis, ntawm cov poj sculptors ntawm lub sij hawm - Michelangelo, Donatello, Verrocchio thiab lwm yam creators.

Ntau mloog yog tseem them rau cov duab puab thiab Soviet ideology. Nws tau ua ib tug zoo cuab tam rau cov kev qhia cov tswv yim ntawm Soviet socialism. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm Soviet duab puab yuav suav hais tias nws monumentality. Majestic stele, loj heev monuments thiab phav phav monuments ntawm lub communist cov thawj coj tau tso peb ib tug legacy ntawm lub Soviet duab puab.

Cov niaj hnub puab nyob rau hauv cov foreground tsis yog tus duab (kwv), thiab cov kev xaiv ntawm cov xim, textures thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Hais tias cov xim yuav luag lub ntsiab ntsuas ntawm artistic qhia nyob rau hauv kev kawm puab.

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm sculptures

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm cov duab puab yog:

• puag ncig puab (ua tau, statues thiab busts);
• nyem duab puab (bas thiab siab nyem);
• Nyob sab hauv tsev puab;
• monumental duab puab.

Tsis tas li ntawd tseem ceeb ib co ntawm cov kev hom ntawm cov kos duab: ib yam me me duab puab, kev tig tau, dej khov, chaw ua si thiab lwm tus neeg. Los ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem duab puab yog ib tug portrait, tsev, historic, piv.

Cov tsim txoj kev ntawm sculptures

Ua sculptures - ua hauj lwm tsis yooj yim, yuav tsum muaj tej yam kev txawj ntse thiab zog ua hauj lwm. Thaum koj muaj ib lub tswv yim ntawm sculptor tej hauj lwm, nws pib nrog cov siv thiab ua cov nws embodiment txo-size layout. Tsuas yog thaum lub layout yog kiag li npaj txhij, koj muaj peev xwm npaj mus rau lub feem ntau puab.

Rau sculpting saum xav tau cov me nyuam yaus thiab cov steel ncej. Tom qab ntawd, artist pib them rau cov ncej nrog av nplaum kom txog thaum txog thaum nws tau txais ib tug duab puab uas yog nyob ze rau nws layout nyob rau hauv tsos. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav siv tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej rau modeling - sib tsub sib nias, raws li zoo raws li lawv tus kheej txhais tes. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov co ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm molding li ntawd nws pib mus rau keej.

Thaum lub molding tiav, lub sculptor ua ib qho tseeb lub tswv yim ntawm cov creation ntawm ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas nyuaj tshaj av nplaum. Ces, raws li nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim, cov duab puab yuav tau ua los ntawm lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas - pob zeb, hlau los yog bronze. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tsis muaj ntawm cov poj sculptural ua hauj lwm tsis yog tsis muaj pre-molding thiab siv thiab ua cov cov cam khwb cia. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub sculptures twb craftsmen uas ua hauj lwm ncaj nraim nrog cov qhov khoom. Ib tug ntawm cov yog cov creator thiab cov poj Michelangelo.

Duab puab ua ib qho kev qhia txog yam tshiab chaw ua si

Ib hom ntawm cov duab puab yog ib tug duab puab tiaj ua si, uas nws sawv muaj ib tug ntev li keeb kwm. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam ib tug zoo nkauj park los yog pej xeem vaj tsis muaj sculptural kho kom zoo nkauj. Cov kev lig kev cai ntawm dai vaj nrog sculptures nrhiav tau los ntawm lub ancient Greeks. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam thiab lub vaj ntawm ancient Rome tsis sculpted saum ntawm lub gods, los yog lub siab tawv warriors.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII qhov chaw rau zus tau tej cov sculptures rau chaw ua si thiab lub vaj ua Venice. Tag nrho cov cooling yuav cov duab puab rau nws tus kheej lub chaw ua si nobles los ntawm Austria, Poland thiab Russia. Park duab puab ntawm lub sij hawm yog lub caij tseem ceeb ntawm cov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm St. Petersburg, uas twb koom tab tom ua. Qhov tseem ceeb Venetian masters yuav hu ua Pietro Baratta, uas nws tsim yaam tshab yeej tseem yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov vaj nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg los yog Reserve Tsarskoye selo.

Tshwj xeeb yog nrov nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Chaw ua si los acquires thiaj li hu ua topiary duab puab - yog lub creation ntawm cov masterpieces ntawm nyob nroj tsuag - ntoo los yog lov tas vau.

Qhov tseem zoo-paub lub ntiaj teb no ntawm puab

Nto moo sculptures ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tau chaw vim nws tus yam ntxwv. Peb coj koj lub sab saum toj tsib ntiaj teb nto moo tshaj plaws sculptures.

1. Tus nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm ancient sculptures - ib tug pej thuam ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Aphrodite, kuj hu ua tus Venera Milosskaya. Lub cult pej thuam ntawm marble tau ua nyob rau hauv lub thib ob xyoo pua BC thiab dim rau hnub no. Niaj hnub no, ob-meter duab puab yuav pom nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb gallery ntawm lub lub Louvre.

2. Qhov siab tshaj plaws puab - ib tug pej thuam ntawm tus hauj sam Vairocana nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj (Henan xeev). Tag nrho cov qhov siab ntawm lub monument - 158 meters, nws siv ua hauj lwm twb tiav nyob rau hauv 2002. Cov duab puab yog ua los ntawm cam khwb cia tooj liab, thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm qhov kev tsim li cas txog $ 55 lab.

3. Qhov tseem mysterious duab puab - ib tug Moai saum on Easter Island. Zaum hais tias tus pej thuam - ua hauj lwm ntawm lub masters ntawm ancient Polynesia thiab zim zuag sau hnub tim rau lawv mus rau tus thawj txhiab BC.

4. Qhov tseem patriotic duab puab - ib lub ntiaj teb no-nrov pej thuam ntawm kev ywj pheej - ib yam ntawm cov cim ntawm lub American neeg. Nws tseem yog tus thib ob siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

5. Qhov tseem golden duab puab - ib tug pej thuam ntawm hauj sam, nyob rau hauv teb chaws Thaib, Wat TRIME. Lub peb-meter duab puab cim nyob rau hauv hais tias nws yog nkaus ua los ntawm cov khoom kub.