Arts thiab lom ze, Kos duab
Self-portraits los ntawm Dürer: hauj lwm, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb
Titan Western European Renaissance, lub hauv paus rau lub Renaissance Albreht Dyurer yog ib tug ntawm cov brightest hnub qub nyob saum ntuj ntawm German painting. Qhov loj tshaj artist ntawm lub lem ntawm XV-XVI centuries yog nto moo rau nws tej kev kos ntawv rau ntoo thiab tooj liab; ua hauj lwm, tua nyob rau hauv watercolor thiab gouache, muaj tiag portraits ntawm nyob. Nws los ua tus thawj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kos duab theorist. Yog diversified txiv neej Albrecht Dürer tsim tsis tsuas zoo heev tej hauj lwm, thiab kev txawj ntse masterpieces. Cov lawv - lub engraving "Melancholia" nrog nws cov khawv koob square.
Self-portraits raws li ib tug biography Albrehta Dyurera
Biographers vajhuam tias tus tswv Albrecht Dürer yog ib tug txaus nyiam heev tub hluas, thiab txoj kev hlub ntawm nws tus kheej-portraits yog ib nrab vim muaj ib tug vain xav ua rau cov txiv neej. Txawm li cas los qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm lawv lub sij hawm. Dürer self-portraits - ib tug rog xav txog ntawm nws puab ntiaj teb no thiab views on kos duab, keeb kwm ntawm cov evolution ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev loj hlob ntawm artistic saj. Nyob rau lawv koj yuav lw tag nrho lub neej ntawm cov artist. Nws txhua kauj ruam - ib tug tshiab txoj hauj lwm, yog heev txawv los ntawm lub yav dhau los yog ib tug. Dürer ua ib tug self-portrait ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lub visual arts, thiab nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tag nrho los ua ib tug nyob biography ntawm cov artist. Lawv muaj peev xwm tej zaum qhia ntau tshaj tej phau ntawv.
Tus thawj self-portrait ntawm ib tug zoo kawg artist
Tus thawj self-portrait Albrehta Dyurera yog tsim los pab nyob rau hauv 1484. Ces tus artist tsuas yog tsug kaum peb lub xyoo laus, tab sis nws twb paub yuav ua li cas kom raug kav lub proportions thiab txig mastered rau lub nyiaj nawj. Lawv thawj coj rau cov hluas Albrecht, qhov nkhaus ntawm koj lub ntsej muag. Qhov cuab yeej no yoojyim rau luam daim ntawv nyiaj txoj kev taug. Thaum lub sij hawm, nws tau txais xim av. So nws nrog ib daim ntawv tsis muaj ua kom cov av, nws yog zoo tsis yooj yim sua. Kaum peb Albrecht, txawm li cas los, tab xim ib tug portrait ntawm nws, lub creation ntawm uas yuav ua teeb meem txawm seasoned artist nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm.
Tus naj npawb zoo hluas Dürer thiab txawj xav nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nruj. Nws ob lub qhov muag lawm ua tus sau nrog kev tu siab thiab kev txiav txim. Tes piav tes piav taw qhia irreconcilable muaj siab mus cuag nws lub hom phiaj - los ua ib tug zoo tswv ntawm nws khoom siv tes ua. Thaum cov txiv Albrecht pom nws tus tub ib txoj hauj lwm. Tus thawj self-portrait los ntawm Dürer ntaus ib tug txawj ntse jeweller. Kuv txiv yeej ib txwm xav kom nws tus tub mus nyob rau hauv nws footsteps, tab sis menyuam lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Albrecht, nws xa nws mus kawm nyob rau studio ntawm artist Michael Wohlgemuth. Muaj, tus tub hluas Dürer kawm cov qauv rau kev painting thiab engraving.
Ib thaum ntxov nws tus kheej-portrait ntawm ib tis
Tomqab kawm tas txoj kev kawm, txhua tus artist yog feeb lub sij hawm mus rau ib txoj kev. Thaum koj mus txawv tebchaws, nws yuav tsum tau muaj kev paub los ntawm cov masters ntawm nyob deb pawg neeg thaj av. Raws li txoj kev kuv mus thiab Albrecht Dürer. Self-portrait, pleev xim rau thaum lub sij hawm nws mus rau cov teb chaws Europe, tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li yam. Nws qhia tau hais tias lub peev xwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais artist muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim ntawv lub internal lub xeev ntawm cov tib neeg ntsuj plig. Thaum lub sij hawm no, Durer siv ib tug cwj mem, thiab nws mus ob peb vas yog sib txawv. Tus naj npawb "Self-Portrait nrog ib tug ntaub qhwv" ntsej muag tag nrho ntawm anguish thiab Albrecht outright mob. Nws yog them nrog wrinkles uas ua rau cov duab ib tsos tsaus tsawv. Nws tsis yog lub npe hu qhov ua rau ntawm kev txom nyem, tab sis hais tias lawv muaj ib qho chaw yuav tsum tau, tsis muaj kev ua xyem xyav.
Self-portrait, 1493
Los ntawm kawg ntawm wandering Albrecht overtook cov xov xwm ntawm nws tom ntej sib yuav. Ces, nyob rau hauv lub XV caug xyoo, lub niam txiv lawv tus kheej xaiv rau lawv cov me nyuam ib tug ob peb. Albrecht txiv pom ib tug nkauj nyab los ntawm ib tug noble tsev neeg nyob rau hauv Nürnberg. Tiv thaiv marrying Agnes Frey, tus tub hluas artist tsis mloog. Muaj yog ib tug saib hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim thiab sau Durer "Self-portrait nrog ib tug thistle." Nyob rau hauv cov hnub nws suav hais tias lub cai hais tias yav tom ntej txij nkawm paub ncaj qha rau ntawm lub tshoob, yog li cov tub ntxhais artist txiav txim siab los ua ib tug tshwj xeeb lub txiaj ntsim rau nws yav tom ntej tus poj niam.
Albrecht nyob rau hauv lub portrait ntawm 22 xyoo. Tus tub hluas stared mus rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb nws ob lub qhov muag. Nws yog focused thiab txawj xav. Albrecht ob lub qhov muag me ntsis txiav due rau lub fact uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub portrait nws ua, saib nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim iav. Nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm ib tug artist tuav ib tug thistle. Nws tau los ua tus kawm ntawm controversy ntawm lub admirers ntawm Durer.
Lub controversy tshaj lub "Self-Portrait nrog thistle"
Qhov sib npaug ntawm lo lus "thistle" nyob rau hauv lub German lus yog männertreu, uas lus translates li "txiv neej ncaj ncees". Qhov no kom meej meej hais tias nws tus kheej-portrait twb npaj Agnes Frey. Txawm li cas los, tw ntawm no saib cam hais tias lub thistle - lub cim ntawm tus mob siab rau ntawm Tswv Yexus, thiab cov pos nroj tsuag sawv cev rau Yexus hmoov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej-portrait Dürer sau tias: "Kuv affairs ntawm lub Feem ntau cov High." Thiab nws kuj kom meej meej hais tias lub painting - ib qho kev qhia ntawm loyalty thiab siab ntawm cov artist rau Vajtswv, tsis yog ib tug lub txiaj ntsim rau nws yav tom ntej tus poj niam. Txawm li cas los, qhov tseeb paub xwb rau nws tus kheej Durer.
Italian Hauj Lwm, 1498
Tom ntej no ua hauj lwm ntawm Albrecht masters nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm nws tus kheej-portrait ua twb nyob rau hauv ltalis. Cov artist yeej ib txwm xav mus rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab tau ntsib nrog tus cim kev lig kev cai ntawm Italian painting. Hluas poj niam thiab nws tsev neeg ho tsis txhawb lub tswv yim ntawm ncig teb chaws, tab sis cov phaum mob ntawm tus kab mob plague uas ntsib qhov tseeb Nuremberg, ua tus coveted txawv tebchaws tau. Durer ntaus ib tug kaj riot ntawm cov xim ntawm Italian ua hauj lwm. Nws portrayed qhov xwm ntawm ib qho zoo kawg lub sij hawm rau clarity. Dürer yog thawj toj roob hauv pes neeg pleev kob nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kos duab. Nws zoo tagnrho yog tam sim no hauv txoj cai duab coj mus rau lub qhov thiab geometry. Lub tswv yim cua ntawm ltalis pab nws mus txais nws tus kheej raws li ib tug tshiab artist. Thiab qhov no yog tag nrho reflected nyob rau hauv nws Italian self-portrait.
Nyob rau nws depicts ib tug ntseeg tus neeg uas tau pom tau hais nws txoj hauj lwm, ib lub hom phiaj creator thiab txawj xav zoo nkauj ntseeg. Yog li pib Dürer. Self, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm uas muab ib tug hais txog ntawm qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, yog cov feem ntau nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm cov artist. Dürer rau nws dignified. Nws hwj tau lub cev ncaj thiab nws ob lub qhov muag qhia cog qoob loo. Albrecht richly hnav khaub ncaws. Nws ua tib zoo curled cov plaub hau ntog rau nws lub xub pwg nyom. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau koj yuav saib tau lub self-portrait ntawm lub Italian toj roob hauv pes - ntshiab kev tshoov siab ntawm tus artist.
Cov plaub temperaments
Tom ntej no ua hauj lwm ntawm Dürer siab qhia nws xwm txawj xav, raws li zoo raws li lub pursuit ntawm nws tus kheej-kev txawj ntse. Self-portrait nplooj siab mus rau lub Greek lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov plaub temperaments. Raws li nws, cov neeg no muab faib mus rau hauv sanguine, choleric, melancholic thiab phlegmatic. Lub engraving "Txiv neej da dej" kuj zoo kawg artist embodies txhua txhua hom ntawm luv nyob rau hauv tus neeg. Dürer xam tau tias yog nws tus kheej melancholy. Qhov no nws hais tias ib zaug ib tug tsis paub hais tias astrologer. Nws yuav lam xav tias nws yog nyob rau hauv no luag hauj lwm, nws twb ntes nyob rau hauv lub engraving. Cov artist xwm nws tus kheej raws li ib tug flutist, lom zem lawv cov phooj ywg.
"Self-Portrait nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Khetos", 1500
Dürer rov qab los ntawm ltalis tsis yog ib tug txaj muag apprentice thiab tswv ntawm nws khoom siv tes ua. Tom tsev, Albrecht tau txais ib tug ntau ntawm kev txiav txim, uas tau coj nws lub koob meej. Nws ua hauj lwm yog twb paub sab nraum ntawm nws cov haiv neeg Nuremberg, thiab cov artist nws tus kheej muab tso rau lub lag luam rau ib tug coj mus muag hauv paus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm twb tau rau ib tug tshiab xyoo pua, qhov pib ntawm uas twb cim los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Khaus lub sij hawm ntawm eschatological cov miv nyuas muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem rau Albrecht masters. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1500 tuaj nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, uas yog tsim los ntawm Dürer - "Self-portrait nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Tswv Yexus."
Nws xwm nws tus kheej tag nrho-lub ntsej muag, uas yog zoo kawg ua siab tawv qhawv nyob rau hauv XVI caug xyoo. Tag nrho cov portraits ntawm lub sij hawm uas yog ib tug tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntau: zoo tib yam neeg ib txwm portrayed ib nrab-muab, thiab tsuas yog Tswv Yexus yog tus kos. Dürer yog thawj artist mus ua txhaum no tacit txiav npluav. Tho ob lub qhov muag, laim ntoom plaub hau, zoo meej proportions ntawm lub ntsej muag tiag tiag ua rau nws zoo ib yam li Tswv Yexus. Txawm txhais tes nraim rau hauv qab ntawm lub canvas, daim ntau quav tso nyob rau hauv ib tug piav tes piav taw raug ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Leej Txiv. Cov xim nyob rau hauv daim duab tseg. Tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm dub, liab, dawb, thiab ntxoov xim av sawv tawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub artist. Hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv robes trimmed nrog plaub, tswv Albrecht seemed yuav muab piv rau nws tus kheej nrog lub Creator, uas tsim ib tug txhuam cutter thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb, mysterious thiab cim ntiaj teb no.
kev cai dab qhuas nws tus kheej-portraits
Tom ntej self-portraits los ntawm Dürer muaj ib tug qhia tau kev cai dab qhuas ua cim. XVI xyoo pua yog tag nrho ntawm shocks muaj feem xyuam rau kev ras paub txog ntawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Vajtswv nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov txiv neej. Pab mus rau lo lus nug no tau ua Martin Luther, sim piav essence ntawm lub Christian lus qhuab qhia rau cov neeg. Ib tug Durer sau heev heev kev cai dab qhuas compositions. Ntawm lawv yog cov "Lub tsiab peb caug ntawm cov hlaws dai" thiab "Lub adoration ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Trinity." Lawv Dürer tsis tau tsuas yog tus tswv, tab sis kuj yog ib tug koom tes ntawm lub dawb ceev kev txiav txim. Yog li ntawd nws them tribute rau lub siab rau Vajtswv.
Qhov tseem candid self-portrait
Kev cai dab qhuas overtones yog ib qho ntawm feem muaj teeb meem thiab enigmatic tej hauj lwm ntawm lub artist - "Self-liab qab." Albrecht Dürer pleev xim rau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub tuag Khetos. Hais txog uas hais tias nyias lub ntsej muag, haggard lub cev hwj tau lub cev, reminiscent ntawm Yexus thaum lub sij hawm nplawm. Txawm tias ib tug quav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, xwm li los ntawm cov artist nyob rau txoj cai ncej puab, tej zaum yuav muaj ib lub cim txog tseem ceeb. Muaj yog ib tug ntawm lawv cov qhov txhab Khetos.
Daim duab teeb mem thiab tus txhuam rau ib tug ntsuab Tinted ntawv. Lub caij nyoog sij hawm ntawm creation ntawm nws tus kheej-portrait yog tsis paub, tab sis raws li lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov artist nyob rau hauv daim duab, peb tau tias hais tias nws tau sau nws nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub XVI caug xyoo. Nws yog lub npe hu tias tus sau khaws cia ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsev thiab tsis sawv cev rau cov pej xeem. Tsis artist ua ntej thiab tom qab nws tsis sawv cev rau nws tus kheej kiag li liab qab. Shocking nws frankness duab yuav tsis yog yuav muaj nyob rau hauv Cov ntaub ntawv mob siab rau art.
Qhov kawg self-portraits ntawm Albrehta Dyurera
Tom ntej self-portraits los ntawm Dürer kwv yees nws cov ceev txoj kev tuag. Nyob rau hauv lub Netherlands, nws twb ntaus los ntawm ib tug coj txawv txawv mob, uas nyob rau hauv cov hnub tsis muaj ib tug muaj tej lub tswv yim. Tam sim no historians tsuas xav hais tias nws yog kis tau malaria. Cov artist muaj teeb meem nrog tus po, uas nws kom meej meej taw tes rau nws tus kheej-portrait "Durer - mob" nrog ib tug daj chaw. Qhov no daim duab nws xa mus rau nws tus kws kho mob thiab sau nws ib tug nyuag lus. Nws hais tias qhov chaw uas qhia tau hais tias cov xim daj chaw, ua mob. Ib tug rog xav txog ntawm lub cev lub xeev ntawm cov artist thiab lub txuas ntxiv rau kev cai dab qhuas ntsiab yog "Self-Portrait nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub kev txom nyem Tswv Yexus." Durer xwm li nyob rau nws, sab lim los ntawm ib tug tsis paub hais tias mob thiab sab ntsuj plig tsis meej, qhov ua rau ntawm uas yog, tej zaum, lub Reformation thiab lwm cov txheej xwm.
Nws tuag sai tawm hauv xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv lub loj tshaj Legacy ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Self-portraits los ntawm Dürer, muab cia rau hauv lub npe nrov tshaj qhov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, xws li cov Louvre nyob rau hauv Paris thiab cov Prado nyob rau hauv Madrid, tseem amaze nrog lawv puab lub zog thiab ib tug yuav luag mystical kev zoo nkauj.
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