Monumental duab puab: txhais. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws monuments ntawm classical thiab kawm monumental duab puab

Monumental duab puab txawv heev los ntawm lwm yam zoo xws hom ntawm cov kos duab. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nws embodies tsis tau tsuas yog tus sau lub tswv yim, tab sis ib tug zoo lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, los yog txawm tag nrho lub sij hawm. Feem ntau, cov chaw ntsia ncaj qha qhov twg ntau yam kev ua ub no coj qhov chaw, uas, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lawv yog devoted mus rau.

Thaum saib lub monumental sculptures tuav mus ua rounds. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias, tsis zoo li paintings, statues thiab monuments mus nrhiav ntau muaj tiag. Raws li, mus ntsib nrog cov kos duab ntawm yuav tsum tau los ntawm tag nrho cov viewpoints.

txhais

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm, muaj ntau ntau cov ntsiab lus txhais ntawm cov duab puab. Firstly, nws yog ib tug monument, stele, obelisk los yog ib yam dab tsi lwm tus uas tau tsa rau ib lub hom phiaj - mus hwm lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg uas tau ua ib tug ntau ntawm zoo rau lub nroog los yog lub teb chaws.

Secondly, nws yog ib tug duab puab nplooj siab mus rau lub keeb kwm cov txheej xwm. Feem ntau, nws yog ntsia ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev tsov kev rog. Muaj mob thaum monuments yog tsa nyob rau hauv lub hnub tseem ceeb xyoo ntawm ib lub nroog.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub lub monumental duab puab - yog tej pej thuam, uas muaj loj qhov ntev. Tab sis qhov no txhais tsis tau hu ua kev tshawb fawb, txawm tias nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub monumental duab puab yog ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab uas yog nplooj siab mus rau lub keeb kwm cov txheej xwm. Nws kuj yuav tsa nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus poj personalities. Nws cov yam ntxwv feature yog ib tug loj scale, thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov surrounding architecture.

Lub hom phiaj cov neeg tuaj saib yog suav tias yog ib tug loj cov neeg tuaj saib. Peb tsis tau hais tias cov monument yuav tsuas yuav ib tug duab puab nrog ib daim duab, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau. Tej zaum ua tag nrho kev sib ntaus los lub sij hawm nrog kev koom tes los ntawm ob peb personalities, zoo li thiab thiaj li nyob.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm monumental duab puab

Nyob rau hauv Russia, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no rau ntau centuries nws zoo tag nrho lub kos duab ntawm puab. Ua ntej, raws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas siv ntoo, ces lub pob zeb. Thaum pib ntawm lub thib kaum rau caug xyoo, nyob rau hauv Kiev muaj yog ib tug thawj ua hauj lwm ntawm monumental cim. Nws yog ib tug nyem ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Hodegetria.

Tab sis tsis ntseeg hais tias lub monumental thiab hniav puab yeej pib nyob rau hauv Kiev. Lub fact tias cov Slavic masters kawm nyob rau hauv lub Byzantine feemxyuam sculptors. Ib tug Byzantine hom xam tau tias yog twb nrov heev.

Tus thawj hom monumental duab puab tau mob siab tsis yog tib neeg keeb kwm. Lawv personified tsov rog ntawm lub gods, neeg ntawm lub zos los yog tau me nyuam, thiab hais txog. Thiab tsuas yog ib ob peb centuries, ib tug kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov kos duab. Muaj cov thawj monuments uas npaj rau immortalize neeg ua tau uas twb muaj lawm thiab tsim pab tau tej yam uas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw.

Technology ntawm zus tau tej cov monumental duab puab

Ua ntej monumental sculptures yuav ntsia tau rau hauv qhov chaw tseg rau nws, ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm raug hom kev kawm, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 7 kauj ruam:

1. Tsim ib tug sketch rau ntawm daim ntawv.
2. Tsim ib tug duab sketch, uas yuav tsum tau sawv cev los ntawm cov duab puab ntawm ces kaum sib txawv ntawm view.
3. Tsim ib tug me me pej thuam ntawm ib tug qauv ntawm ib tug mos mos khoom. Feem ntau, qhov no yog siv plasticine. Nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los nws twb tsis tau mus sim sculpt ib tug me me daim ntawv, yog li tag nrho cov sculptures tau ua "profit."
4. Tsim ib tug ua hauj lwm qauv, nyob rau hauv uas nws suav tag nrho cov kev faib ua feem, mus txog qhov chaw me me.
5. Xam cov proportions nyob rau hauv ib coordinate system. Feem ntau sketches yog ua dua, tab sis noj mus rau hauv tus account lub chaw ua hauj lwm ua.
6. Pib nrog cov khoom. Centimeter sculptor ua nws yav tom ntej creation.
7. Ua zaum kawg zog, kho cov me me lus xws li cov plaub hau, ob lub qhov muag, daim di ncauj thiab lwm yam ntawm cov ces kaum.

Yog li no, tus creation ntawm ib tug me me pej thuam tej zaum yuav siv sij hawm xyoo los yog txawm decades. Tom qab tag nrho, koj yuav tsum xav txog ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus los mus tsim ib tug masterpiece.

cov ntaub ntawv uas ntau lawm

Monumental duab puab tej zaum yuav ua los ntawm ntaub ntawv sib txawv. Yeej muaj tseeb ntse heev yog tau siv tag nrho cov uas nws muaj rau ntawm txhais tes. Tab sis feem ntau siv hauv qab no:

• Ntuj pob zeb - marble los yog granite. Tus thawj tso cai rau koj mus ua softer kab thiab nta, tab sis nws yog tsis zoo resists dej. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv txoj kev saum granite siv ntau feem ntau. Khoom carved tawm ntawm loj boulders.
• Dag cov pob zeb - ib tug puas. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog poured rau hauv cov pwm. Thaum cov duab puab yog qhuav, nws yuav kiag li lawm. Los ntawm hom ntawm cov khoom tsis txawv npaum li cas los ntawm lub marble los yog granite, tab sis muaj ntau pheej yig dua.
• Hlau - bronze, tooj dag los yog tooj liab. Cov raug txoj kev zoo li yav dhau los embodiment. Molten hlau yog poured mus rau hauv ib tug pwm, thiab ces muab nws lub sij hawm mus rau qhuav.
• Gypsum. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib qho yooj yim mus sculptors. Ua ntej, dej yog tov nrog rau cov hmoov, ces tus uas ua sib tov twb poured mus rau hauv ib cov pwm. Lub qhuav txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw sai sai, cia nyob rau ib nrab ib teev.
• Tsob ntoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, puab yuav raug muab txiav los ntawm ib tug monolithic daim, los yog muab tsim los ntawm ib tug neeg qhov chaw.

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog teem xwb nyob rau lub siab xav ntawm cov sculptor, tsuas puav nws yog xaiv raws li cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau ntawm cov khoom.

Hom ntawm monumental sculptures

Monumental duab puab yog infinite nyob rau hauv nws ntau yam. Koj yuav ua tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov piv txwv uas yuav txuam nrog rau qhov no kos duab. Txawm li cas los, muaj hom uas muaj ib tug monumental kev faib qauv:

• Memorial. Qhov no duab puab, los ntawm cov uas ib tug neeg yog sim kom perpetuate lub creator.
• Monument. Qhov no monument, uas yog nplooj siab mus rau lub keeb kwm cov txheej xwm los yog cov nuj nqis.
• Pej thuam - ib tug monument rau rau siab ua tus neeg.
• Stele - ib ntsug phaj, uas bears lub inscription engraved los yog nqus.
• Obelisk - ib tug ncej, muaj raws ntawm 4 ntsej muag uas tapered upwards.
• Monumental thiab hniav duab puab. Nws ua ob zog. Firstly, nws perpetuates qho kev tshwm sim los yog ib tug neeg. Thiab ob, yog ua li ntawd, raws li kom haum lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog nws, uas yog rau cov kho kom zoo nkauj.
• Triumphal txhua, arches los yog rooj vag. Cov no yog cov lug uas tau ua nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub yeej tshaj leej twg los rhuav tshem ntawm oppression thiab thiaj li nyob.

Nws yog tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no lub sij hawm yuav tsum feemxyuam sculptors uas yuav coj ntxiv tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub dav dav cais. Yog li ntawd muab ib tug ua tiav daim ntawv teev yuav ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij, peb yuav tsis tsis kam nws lub peev xwm recruitment.

piv txwv

Nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws, es rampant monumental duab puab. Piv txwv yuav ua indefinitely. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias txhua txhua lub xeev yeej muaj nws tus kheej yav dhau los, nws tseem ceeb heev lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov zoo txiv neej. Thiab kom dhau cov kev txawj ntse nyob rau tiam tom ntej, tsa monuments thiab obelisks, statues thiab monuments, steles thiab cim.

Raws li lub Lavxias teb sab Piv txwv li, xav txog ib tug monument rau Petus 1, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Great sculptor Falcone ua hauj lwm rau nws rau yuav luag 15 xyoo.

Koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau lub Alexandria kem. Nws yog nplooj siab mus rau lub kov yeej Napoleon, tab sis Alexander kuv renounced nws siv. Txawm li cas los, huab tais tus xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv muaj txoj cai tseem perpetuate no tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm lub sij hawm ntawd.

Los ntawm txawv teb chaws monumental sculptures koj yuav saib tau lub pej thuam ntawm Marcus Aurelius, nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos. Nws preservation kom txog rau thaum hnub no yuav tsum raug xam tias yog ib tug loj zoo. Thaum uas tag nrho cov saum Mark melted, qhov no monument yog ib tug pej thuam pom ib tug txawv kiag li tus neeg. Niaj hnub no, yog li ntawd, nws tseem tau mus saib tom qab lub restoration nws zoo li tshiab.

Lub Bronze Horseman

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua ib tug monument rau Petus 1, Falcone raug caw mus Russia los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Catherine II. Sculptor nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb laus txaus (50 xyoo) rau cov loj-scale ua hauj lwm, nws tsis yog rau nws nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Nws tus kheej, kom muaj raws li kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv ib tug dog dig cog, tseem dreaming ntawm ib tug loj project. Thaum lub caw tuaj, nws tsis txawm yuav tau xav hais tias. Nws tuaj mus rau Russia kom sai li sai raws li nws tau.

Falcone koom nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm rau 12 xyoo. Tab sis kiag li nws tus kheej ua puab nws yuav tsis los cias yeej tsis xav kom. Lub taub hau ntawm lub monument coj nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv, cov uas tau tuaj nrog nws. Ib tug nab nyob rau hauv tus nees lub taw puas tau Lavxias teb sab sculptor.

Txij li thaum lub project yog heev loj, tus tswv tsis pom zoo rau cov casting. Ib tug tig mus txawv teb chaws yog tsis muab nyiaj txiag ua tau. Tab sis, ces tig mus rau Haylovu, uas tau pom zoo qhia Falcone, pab nws nrog cov xaiv ntawm cov qauv thiab proportions.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias sculptor yog ib tus me me nqi, tab sis, nrog kev pab los ntawm lub Bronze Horseman nws muaj kev tswj kom perpetuate tsis tau tsuas yog lub Lavxias teb sab huab tais, tab sis kuj rau lawv tus kheej. Niaj hnub no, txhua leej txhua tus yuav tau txais ntsib nrog cov duab puab, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev sau nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.

Pej thuam ntawm Marcus Aurelius

Muaj sculptures, uas muaj ntau lub centuries. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tsuas paub los ntawm daim ntawv los yog ruins. Tab sis ib tug tseem tau cawm rau hnub no. Qhov no yog ib tug pej thuam ntawm Marcus Aurelius nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, muaj ntau zoo xws li cov mlom. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog lawv tau tag nrho cov melted nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam uas pab tau cov khoom los ntawm bronze. Equestrian duab ntawm Marcus Aurelius fwm xwb vim hais tias ntawm ib tug yuam kev. Lub fact tias nws tsis meej pem nrog tus pej thuam uas huab tais Constantine lub Great.

Nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance monument tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev qauv. Muaj ntau sculptors, xws li txuj ci thiab txawm ntse heev ntawm Donatello, tig mus rau nws, cia siab rau nws.

Alexander kem

Alexander kem nyob rau hauv peb tes num sai li sai tau tom qab lub yeej ntawm Napoleon. Txawm li cas los, huab tais ho tsis txhawb lub tswv yim, vim hais tias nws yog txaj muag, thiab ua Vajtswv tsaug inscription nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Alexander kuv, tsis haum nws. Ua hauj lwm rau lub obelisk nres.

Tom qab ntawd, thaum Karl Rossi koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov General neeg ua hauj lwm, nws adapts mus rau architecture nyob rau hauv lub Alexander Kem. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1829 Nicholas kuv twb tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis mus txais lub project. Tu siab, nws txoj kev loj hlob nws muaj entrusted tsis Rossi thiab Montferrand.

Alexander Kem raug ua los ntawm liab granite. Nws sab saum toj yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug tubtxib saum ntuj. Nws nruab nrab yog cov siab tshaj plaws triumphal kem nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Thiab nws pom qhov txawv feature yog tias nyob rau hauv nws muaj yog tsis muaj lub hauv paus los yog pawg qhov cuab lub zog. Nws tuas xwb ua tsaug rau ib tug muaj tseeb xam.

Lub tsev ntawm lub Admiralty

Lub tsev ntawm lub Admiralty nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg twb nqa tawm raws li cov drawings ntawm Peter I. Cov kev siv pib nyob rau hauv 1704. Tom qab 7 xyoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev façade, pej thuam, tus kub tse uas adorn lub nkoj me me.

Lub tsev ntawm lub Admiralty nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab vaj tse ntawm lub nroog. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias peb loj txoj kev tshuam nrog nws. Main facade tshaj qhov ntev ntawm 407 meters. Nyob ze muaj ib tug sculptural kho kom zoo nkauj, uas muaj xws li ob peb saum thiab txhua.

xaus

Xijpeem, ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm ua ib tug monumental duab puab. Duab los ntawm ntau yam triumphal saum, saum los yog monuments adorn lub nplooj ntawv ntawm ntau keeb kwm cov phau ntawv. Ib txhia sculptures yog nyob rau hauv private collections, tab sis txawm los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm qhia nyob rau ntawm miv. Txawm li cas los, rau qhov cov tag nrho cov monuments nyob rau hauv lub nroog txojkev, thiab txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm nyeem lawv dawb.