Cruise missiles, Russia thiab US

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub rog thiab qhov chaw technology nyob rau hauv lub fifties yog mas ntawm lub tsev lag luam ntawm intercontinental cov cuab yeej uas yuav ua tau teeb meem rau cov tswv yim xwm. Txawm li cas los, noob neej tau raug sau kev tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb ntawm cov mos txwv, sib txuas ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm aircraft thiab cuaj luaj. Lawv raug teem nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab los ntawm reactive kua los yog khoom engine, tab sis siv tshuab nqa dav hlau qub caij nyob rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho kev tsim. Nws yog tus cruise cuaj luaj. Zog ntawm Guj kuj (ces tus USSR), lawv twb tsis raws li ib qho tseem ceeb raws li cov intercontinental tab sis ua hauj lwm yog twb tau ua li cas rau lawv. Los ntawm lub xyoo lawm, nws tau muaj kev vam meej. Ob peb kuaj ntawm no hom ntawm riam phom yog twb nyob rau hauv lub arsenal los yog yuav sai sai no coj lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub zoo ibyam deterrent rau tej aggressors. Lawv ua kev ntshai thiab tag thuam thuam tus muaj siab mus tua peb lub teb chaws.

"Tomahawk" nrog ib tug neutron foob pob - eighties npau suav phem

Nyob rau hauv lub lig eighties Soviet dag them zoo mloog los ob tug tshiab hom ntawm American riam phom. Lub neutron foob pob, uas threatens lub Pentagon "tag nrho cov hnyav tib neeg", raws li lawv murderous zog yuav lwv nrog "Tomahawk". Cov selachian zoo li nrog nyias luv luv dav hlau twb tau mus ntes tau lub hom phaj rau Soviet lub teb chaws tsis paub, nkaum los ntawm kev pom systems nyob rau hauv lub gullies, dej txaj thiab lwm yam depressions ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab. Nws yog ib heev tsis kaj siab xav tias lawv tus kheej kom txhob raug, thiab Soviet cov pej xeem twb outraged los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub treacherous imperialists dua kos lub teb chaws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm socialism nyob rau hauv lub tshiab puag ncig ntawm lub caj npab haiv neeg, thiab yog vim li cas rau nws yog tus cruise cuaj luaj. Zog ntawm Guj kuj muaj ib yam dab tsi mus rau teb mus rau lub kev hem thawj. Tsuas yog ib co heev paub tus neeg paub hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib yam dab tsi uas zoo sib xws yog twb raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, thiab tej yam uas yog tsis yog li ntawd phem.

American taus

Cov tsab ntawm tag nrho cov niaj hnub cruise cuaj luaj tej zaum yuav tau hais German dav hlau-plhaub V-1 (V-1). Outwardly, nws tsa lub American "Tomahawk", tsim plaub xyoo lawm yav tom ntej: lub tib lub dav hlau ncaj thiab nqaim fuselage, ib qho yooj yim mus primitiveness silhouette. Tab sis muaj ib tug sib txawv, thiab ntau npaum li cas. Mos txwv, yeej lub English title Cruise Missile, - nws tsis yog ib tug missile nruab nrog ib tug tis, nws yog ib yam dab tsi ntxiv. Cov sab nraud simplicity hides ib tug heev complex kev tswvyim, lub ntsiab keeb ntawm uas yog ib tug super-ceev computer, instantly noj cov kev txiav txim siab hloov cov hoob kawm thiab qhov chaw siab tshaj, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob collisions nrog obstacles. Nws yog tsim nyog rau davhlau ntawm tsis tshua muaj neeg uas tsis muaj qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm ib tus nqi txaus ua raws li nrog rau lwm cov nqe lus ntawm surprise, - ceev ntawm tus me nyuam xwb lub hom phiaj. Thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus ua hauj lwm zoo "ob lub qhov muag" ntawm lub "sharks". Radar mounted nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub projectile, pom tag nrho cov obstacles thiab kis rau cov lus qhia txog lawv cov hluav taws xob lub hlwb, uas analyzed cov nyem thiab muab kev tswj Pib ntsais koj teeb handlebars (slats, flaps, ailerons, thiab li ntawd.). Tag nrho cov supersonic cruise missile cov Americans tsis tau txais: nyob rau hauv lub limiting regimes "Tomahawk" los tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm tus trajectory, tab sis nws tsis tiv thaiv nws los ua rau ib tug tiag tiag kev hem thawj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog hwm rau lub teb chaws uas tsis muaj zoo meej huab cua thiab missile tiv thaiv systems.

Soviet X-90

Nws tsis yog lub npe hu rau tej yam dab tsi sim hawm caij nyoog lub Soviet tsoom fwv los mus muab ib qho hais txog ntawm qhov pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob KR. Tej zaum txoj kev ntse qhia txog thaum pib ntawm lub American kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, tab sis nws yog tau hais tias lub tswv yim, uas sawv nyob rau hauv lub depths ntawm daim card kev tshawb fawb institutes xav nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg los ntawm qhov Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci. Xijpeem, nyob rau hauv 1976 ua hauj lwm pib, thiab kawm tiav hnub tau teem yog me me - rau xyoo. Los ntawm cov outset, peb creators tau ploj mus ib txoj kev sib txawv dua lawv cov US counterparts. Subsonic ceev lawv tsis ntxias. Cov foob pob ua ntxaij yuav tsum kov yeej tag nrho thaj tsam los tiv thaiv ib tug neeg tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv lub ultra-tsawg altitudes. Thiab nyob rau supersonic ceev. thawj prototypes raug sawv cev lub kawg ntawm lub xyoo caum, uas tshwm rau ntawm polygon kev ntsuam xyuas tau zoo heev (txog li 3 M). Secret chaw tsis tu ncua zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum tom ntej yuav ya ceev tshaj cov plaub twb suab velocities. Nyob rau hauv 1997 nyob ib leeg, lub ntiaj teb no lub zej lub zos tau muaj peev xwm mus saib qhov no txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm technology ntawm cov exhibition MAKS nyob rau hauv Hall kev tshawb fawb thiab Qhuav Association "Zaj sawv". Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab cruise cuaj luaj yog cov ncaj qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lub Soviet KH-90. Txawm lub npe yog txais kev cawmdim, tab sis hais tias riam phom muaj undergone ntau yam hloov. Caij puag yog sib txawv.

Lub community launch ntawm no foob pob ua ntxaij twb yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nrog lub Tu-160, ib tug loj loj xaiv yaam bombers muaj peev xwm nqa lub foob pob bay nyob rau hauv nws 12-meter mos txwv nrog ib tug folding dav hlau. Cov cab kuj tseem zoo li qub.

"Koala"

Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab cruise cuaj luaj X-90 "Koala" yog sib zog thiab luv dua nws txwv zeej txwv koob: nws ntev yog tsawg tshaj li 9 meters. Paub txog nws ib tug me ntsis, mas qhov tseeb hais tias nws heev hav zoov (tsis qhia tawm cov ntsiab lus) ntawm kev txhawj xeeb thiab voos ntawm peb American koom tes. Yog vim li cas yog ntshai ntawm ib tug muaj zog projectile ntau (3500 km), uas yog thawm xyoo ua txhaum cov nqe lus ntawm lub INF Treaty (Intermediate-ntau). Tab sis hais tias yog tsis ntshai ntawm lub tebchaws United States, thiab hauv lub fact tias cov xaiv yaam cruise cuaj luaj (raws li lawv yog hu ua, txawm hais tias tus dej hiav txwv, lawv yuav tsis tau kov yeej) muaj peev xwm "hack" tag nrho thaj tsam missile kws muaj txuj ci uas lub tebchaws United States maj mam tab sis tshee mus ntawm Lavxias teb sab ciam teb rau lwm.

Qhov no qauv twb tau txais nws "NATO" los: Koala AS-X-21. Peb hu nws txawv, namely hypersonic sim aircraft (Gael).

Cov kev cai hais txog qhov kev txiav txim muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias, tawm hauv lub foob pob bays ntawm lub Tu-160 ntawm ib lub qhov siab ntawm 7 mus rau 20 kilometers, nws straightens delta tis thiab tus Tsov tus tw, thiab ces khiav tus tsuj roj accelerates tus projectile rau supersonic, thiab tom qab ntawd los lub community launch txog lub ntsiab engine. Tus nqi ntawm poob nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj tau los rau mus txog rau 5 M, thiab nws Gael rushes mus rau lub hom phiaj, uas muaj peev xwm twb xam tau tias yog doomed. KR kev cuam tshuam no yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua.

"Uranus", naval thiab aviation

Anti-nkoj cuaj luaj thiab yog feem ntau cruise. Lawv trajectory, raws li ib tug txoj cai, zoo li tus kev sib ntaus los kawg terrestrial counterparts. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov riam phom nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union twb koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim chaw ua hauj lwm "Star". Nyob rau hauv 1984, thawj designer G. I. Hohlovu twb tasked nrog tsim ib tug complex txhais tau tias ntawm combating yeeb ncuab nto naval hom phiaj xaav txog li tsib txhiab tonnes (ie kuj me me) nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm active hluav taws xob countermeasures thiab complex meteorological tej yam kev mob. Cov tshwm sim ntawm pab neeg no dag zog yog tus X-35 "Uranus", raws li nws tus yam ntxwv, nws roughly sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub ciaj ciam ntawm lub American KR "hmuv vos" thiab yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv lub salvo hom. Qhov ntau yog 120 km swb. Lub complex yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug system ntawm kev nrhiav kom tau, kev qhia kom paub thiab kev coj, tsim tsis tsuas yog nyob rau nqe ntaus rog units ntawm cov rog, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nqa (helicopters Ka-27, Ka-28, Mig-29, Su-24, Su-30, Su-35, tu-142, Yak-141 thiab lwm tus), uas ho ncua lub peev xwm ntawm no ua tsov rog. Pib ua rau ultra-tsawg qhov chaw siab tshaj (200 m), anti-nkoj cuaj luaj ntawm no hom yuav nqa ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm tshaj 1,000 km / h tshaj zoo tsis (ntawm 5 mus rau 10 m, thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg ya ntawm lub trajectory thiab tsis nco rau peb meters). Muab qhov me me qhov ntev ntawm lub projectile (4 m nyob rau hauv ntev, 40 cm), nws yuav lam xav tias lub cuam tshuam nws heev problematic.

"Pua pua X"

Tom qab cua defenses, ob qho tib si Soviet thiab American, mus txog nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm muaj peev xwm, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov svobodnopadayuschih mos txwv uas luag tag nrho cov teb chaws. Muaj zoo-zoo, txhim khu kev qha thiab muaj hwj chim loj xaiv yaam bombers sim hawm caij nyoog thawj coj tub rog mus nrhiav ib tug siv rau lawv, thiab nws tau pom. Nyob rau hauv lub US B-52, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union Tu-95 pib yuav tsum tau siv raws li ib tug ya missile launchers. Nyob rau hauv lub nineties lub ntsiab nqa khoom ntawm Lavxias teb sab mos txwv tactical thiab xaiv yaam nqi, xa mus rau lub hom phiaj aircraft tsis hla ib thaj tsam kws muaj txuj ci, steel X-101. Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog lawv tsim yuav luag tag zoo tib yam designs, muaj peev xwm nqa nuclear warheads. Ob lub CD yog tam sim no dej num, paub lawv cov kev ua tau zoo yam ntxwv nteg xwb ib tug tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg. Peb tsuas paub hais tias ib tug tshiab qauv rau kev pab tau txais, nws txawv nce kev sib ntaus los voos kheej-kheej (ntau tshaj tsib txhiab kilometers) thiab ib tug stunning yeej raug (mus txog 10 meters). Warhead X-101 muaj ib tug high-heev fragmentation txuj lom, thiab yog tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov no rau nws. spetszaryada cab kuj yuav tsis yog li ntawd muaj tseeb: lub tawg hwj chim ntawm kaum tawm kilotons ob peb meters mus rau sab xis los yog mus rau sab laug tsis ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm. Rau X-102 (a nuclear cab kuj) yog tseem ceeb tshaj kev ncua deb.

"Winged" lub tswv yim

Tag nrho cov khoom, nrog rau cov hom riam phom yuav pom xwb nyob rau hauv lub nam ntawm kev sib piv. Muaj ntau tiv thaiv tej lus qhuab qhia, thiab nyob ib lub sij hawm thaum tej lub teb chaws xav nrhiav kom meej ntiaj teb no domination, thaum lwm tus neeg cia li xav kom tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm tau txhoj puab heev proclivities. Yog hais tias koj sib piv cov cruise missiles, Russia thiab lub tebchaws United States, nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias cov kev tsis ntawm American riam phom tsis pub tshaj lub peevxwm ntawm lawv rivals. Ob tog yog twv rau ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los voos kheej-kheej, uas maj yuav siv sij hawm lub CD los ntawm cov qeb ntawm tactics, muab lawv ntau thiab ntau "ntawm lub tswv yim." Lub tswv yim yuav tsum tau los mus daws cov geopolitical contradictions uas tso npe thov cia li thiab destructional strike, tsis yog thawj zaug mus xyuas ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub Pentagon generals - yog txaus yuav tau nco qab cov kev npaj bombings ntawm Soviet loj industrial thiab tiv thaiv me nyuam, tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig forties thiab thaum ntxov fifties, tam sim ntawd tom qab lub tsos ib tug txaus tus naj npawb ntawm US nuclear warheads.

AGM-158B kev khwv, TEB CHAWS USA

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab hom riam phom nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb. Cov neeg them se yog txaus siab paub hais tias cov nyiaj them los ntawm lawv cov nyiaj txiag, lub xeev tau ua lwm yam puavpheej uas US ntiaj teb no dominance. Rating ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tog nce, cov neeg xaiv tsa yog zoo siab. Yog li ntawd nws yog nyob rau hauv 2014, thaum lub US xaiv yaam rog tau txais tshiab KR AGM-158B plav, tsim nyob rau hauv tus tiv thaiv qhov kev pab cuam Joint Cua Kom Nto standoff Missile ncua ntau yam, abbreviated JASSM-ER, uas txhais tau tias cov khoom no yog npaj los ntaus lub ntiaj teb nto thiab muaj ib tug kev khwv ntawm daim ntaub ntawv. Lug tawm tshiab riam phom, lawv txiav txim los ntawm luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev superior rau X-102. Ntau AGM-158B davhlau muaj vague, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam - los ntawm 350 mus 980 km, uas txhais tau tias nws nyob tos rau tus luj ntawm lub warhead. Feem ntau cov yuav, lub tiag tiag voos kheej-kheej ntawm lub nuclear xwb nws tib yam li hais tias ntawm lub X-102, uas yog 3500 km. Russia thiab US cruise cuaj luaj muaj kwv yees li ntawm tus ceev tib yam, qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev. Tham txog cov American hauj superiority yog tsis tsim nyog kuj vim hais tias zoo cov neeg, nws yeej muaj tseeb, raws li peb tau sau tseg, qhov no heev npaum li cas tseem ceeb ntawm ib tug nuclear strike, nws muaj tsis tau.

Lwm yam KR nyob rau hauv Russia thiab US

X-101 thiab X-102 - tsis yog cruise missiles nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab arsenal. Dhau li lawv qhia thiab lwm yam kev kuaj lus qhia nruab Pulsejet li 16 thiab 10 X HN (kom txog thaum lawv tej), anti-KS-1, DAC 2, DAC 5, blasting nrog high-heev ces warhead los yog oskolochno- los yog nuclear tawg ua ub no. Koj muaj peev xwm nco qab qhov ntau niaj hnub KR X-20, X-22 thiab X-55, uas tau los ua tus tsab ntawm tus X-101. Thiab ces muaj yog "ntsaum kab-rwg," "Yoov Tshaj Cum", "Amethyst", "malachite", "Basalt", "Granite", "Onyx", "Yakhont" thiab lwm yam cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub "pob zeb" series. Cov cruise cuaj luaj Russia rau ntau xyoo yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nrog cua Force thiab Navy, thiab cov pej xeem paub txog lawv ib tug ntau, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua.

Cov Americans kuj muaj ib tug ob peb cruise cuaj luaj ua ntej lawm tiam dua lub AGM-158B. Qhov no tactical "Matador» MGM-1, "Shark» SSM-A-3 "Greyhound» AGM-28, uas hais "rab hmuv vos", "ceev Hawk" universal bases. Tsis txhob muab mus nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States thiab los ntawm ib tug neeg "Tomahawk", tab sis yog ua hauj lwm rau ib tug pheej X-51, lub peev xwm ya ntawm hypersonic speeds.

Nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws

Txawm nyob rau hauv nyob deb pawg neeg thaj av, nyob qhov twg hais txog cov tub rog kws tshuaj ntsuam yuav hais lus xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tseeb, ib tug hypothetical nam ntawm Lavxias teb sab los yog cov neeg ua tub rog kev hem thawj, engineers thiab zaum no ua hauj lwm los tsim nws tus kheej cruise cuaj luaj. Tsis yog ib tug zoo heev kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Falkland Islands tuaj, Argentina tau sim hawm caij nyoog tswj faib nyiaj rau engineering "Taba AM-1." Pakistan "Hatf Baber-VII 'yuav khiav los ntawm cov av sib, ships thiab submarines, nws muaj ib tug subsonic ceev (kwv yees li 900 km / h) thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm mus txog 700 km. Nws txawm muab rau, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus pa, nuclear warhead. Nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, peb hom kev ua KR (YJ-62, YJ-82, YJ-83). Taiwan raws li "Syunfenom 2E". Ua hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv kev kawm, tej zaum kuj zoo heev nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws (lub teb chaws Yelemees, Sweden, Fabkis), raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub UK, lub aim ntawm uas yog tsis pub dhau cruise missiles, Russia los yog lub tebchaws United States, thiab kom tau ib tug zoo riam phom rau lawv tus kheej cov tub rog. Tsim xws li ib tug complex thiab high-tech cov khoom yog kim heev, thiab cov advanced tau nyob rau hauv daim teb no yog muaj nyob superpower.