Cov tseem ceeb mus ob peb vas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab: Feem ntau, piv txwv

Qhia txog kev ua - ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws qhov chaw ntawm tus hais lus. Nws yog siv los piav qhia txog qhov kev txiav txim, qhia kom paub txog ib tug txheej txheem, uas yog, nws tsis muaj muaj kiag li tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis ib tug meaningless npe ntawm tus phenomenon, uas muaj peev xwm tsis qhia lawv tus kheej, yog tsau nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kev mob. Qhov no nominative ib feem ntawm kev hais lus xam qhovkev rau hauv xws li qhov morphological nta raws li ib hom, reflexivity, transitivity thiab conjugation mus rau ib tug uas tsis yog-tas mus li kuj muaj xws li cov tub los ntxhais, ib tug neeg, xov tooj, lub sij hawm thiab xav ua. Cov yav tas yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim lub inclination ntawm qhov qhia txog kev nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, ua li cas nws muaj feem xyuam rau, dab tsi li koj xav tau? Peb sim kom to taub thiab, ceeb tshaj, yuav tsum nco ntsoov.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub mus ob peb vas? tswvyim

Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov inclination ntawm tej zaum txhais tau li "kev sib raug zoo rau kev muaj tiag." Pretty paub daws teeb formulation, tsis tshua dab lub ntsiab lus ntawm no morphological kev zoo losis phem, peb yuav tsum lees. Tiam sis yog tias koj sim kom to taub, txhua yam yuav tseeb.

Muaj peb moods. Schedule mus ob peb vas rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus qhia ib tug tiag tiag zoo thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb lub sij hawm - hais tias nws yog lub feem ntau heev thiab yog li ntawd qhov uas yooj yim rau nco ntsoov. Los yog cov feem ntau nyuaj. Nws hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub peb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm tso cai rau koj mus conjugate verbs los ntawm tag nrho cov txhais tau tias, yog vim li cas yog tsim nyog los nco ntsoov rau hauv lub loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm txoj, uas yog tsis ib txwm li ntawd, ib qho yooj yim.

Cov tseem ceeb mus ob peb vas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus kuj tshwm sim heev heev. Nws yog hais txog qhov kev txiav txim, thov tej yam lus qhia - tej kev txiav txim yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm ib tug neeg tiv thaiv nws lub siab nyiam, tab sis cov nyiaj ntawm lub interlocutor. Verbs nyob rau hauv lub qho tseem ceeb mus ob peb vas, muaj tsuas yog ob tug cov ntaub ntawv, uas, ntawm chav kawm, yooj yim mus ua hauj lwm nrog lawv, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsim tej yam teeb meem rau cov neeg uas tsis yog ib tug cab kuj ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus thiab muaj peev xwm tsis intuitively nrhiav txoj cai xaus.

Conditional mus ob peb vas rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, nws yog hu ua subjunctive qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj kev txiav txim tau nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob. Nws yog hu ua cov feem ntau yooj yim: tsuas yog ib daim ntawv, ua nkaus xwb los ntawm so, uas yog ntxiv lub particle - txhais lub caij nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog tsis muaj teeb meem.

Tam sim no hais tias peb muaj ib tug yooj yim lub tswv yim ntawm yog dab tsi lub mus ob peb vas rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, piv txwv yuav pab kom peb to taub zoo dua txoj cai.

Cov tseem ceeb - rau cov uas, raws li

Yog li ntawd, peb tseem yuav tau xav txog lub tseem ceeb heev mus ob peb vas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus. Raws li hais saum toj no, nws txhais tau tias, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe, txib nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov ntaub ntawv: Order, thov, paub cai cov lus qhia - ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub ntsiab lus nyob rau suab, tsis muaj nta nyob rau hauv lub tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub motif, uas txo nws hwj cov lus.

Cov tseem ceeb mus ob peb vas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus - ib tug txoj cai uas tau tso rau hauv peb subconscious, peb siv nws tsis muaj tej kev xav. Tsis tau to taub yog vim li cas nws yog li ntawd thiab tsis yog, yog tsim nyog.

Yuav kom siv verbs nyob rau hauv lub qho tseem ceeb mus ob peb vas, peb yuav tsum xub xyuas seb leej twg tig mus rau. Nyob rau qhov kev thov ntawm tus neeg uas cov lus qhia hais txog "koj", siv lub sib nug xov zoo tshaj daim ntawv. Rau nws tsim yuav tsum coj tus kawg ntawm qhov qhia txog kev nyob rau hauv lub indicative mus ob peb vas (nyeem, nyeem, nyeem ..., khiav-khiav-mus dhia ... yuav-yuav-paj ...) thiab ntxiv ib tug ntawm ob niam (thiab los yog d) los yog mos token (ie, khiav, Yuav tsum). Cov kev pab ntawm Lavxias teb sab hais lus feem ntau yog intuitively xav tias, yog dab tsi lub kawg ntawm lub pick, li ntawd, cov nqe lus ntawm qhov qhia txog kev nyob rau hauv lub thib ob tus neeg zoo tshaj ib qho tseem ceeb yog feem ntau straightforward.

Yog hais tias peb tig mus rau tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub "koj" los yog xav mus rau qhov chaw peb thov rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg, los ntawm lub zoo tshaj ib qho tseem ceeb tsuas ntxiv "cov neeg" (nyeem, khiav, YUAV) - txhua yam yog yooj yim npaum li no mas, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag.

Yog nws tag nrho ces yooj yim?

Tab sis qhov no yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab lus - qhov twg muaj tsis muaj kev zam? Tsis muaj leej twg muaj peev xwm tshem cov verbs nyob rau hauv uas conjugation nrog hloov lub hauv paus cim thiab tsiaj ntawv, yog tias tsis tau kiag li cov hauv paus hniav. Piv txwv li, "Noj cov khoom uas noj-noj, mus-mus-mus." Ntawm no, hmoov tsis, txoj cai yog sib tsis tau, yuav yog qhov los yog banal subconscious paub yuav tsum tau zoo - txwv tsis pub tsis muaj dab tsi.

Cov tseem ceeb mus ob peb vas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus - ib tug yooj yim lub ntsiab, lug tau sai dlua tias koj xav tau los yuav tau tsim ib tug zoo tshaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus neeg thib ob ntawm lub mus ob peb vas, thiab yog hais tias tsim nyog, cia li mus ntxiv rau nws "phooj ywg" xaus.

Kev siv ntawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev zam tsis yog li ntawd feem ntau yuav tsum tau ib tug loj teeb meem rau cov haiv neeg hais lus. Neeg txawv teb chaws, txawm li cas los, yuav tau mus ua ib qho nyuaj rau muaj kev to taub ntawm cov tseem ceeb qhia txog kev ua.

Thiab lwm me ntsis nta

Firstly, koj yuav tsum nqa mus rau hauv tus account lub views ntawm qhov qhia txog kev zoo tag nrho yuav saib yog tsim nkaus xwb los ntawm imperfective verbs - lawv teb rau lo lus nug "Kuv yuav ua li cas?" (Open-qhib-qhib), whereas ib tug zoo meej saib, feem - tsuas yog los ntawm meej - nrog rau lo lus nug "ua li cas?" (Nyuag qhib - ncaim me ntsis qhib).

Lwm txaus luag tshaj plaws txuam nrog imperfect qhia txog kev ua saib: lub xub ntiag ntawm lub suffix "ts" nram qab no cov keeb kwm "txawj ntse", "da", "sta-" (raws li nyob rau hauv knowable lus, cia tus kheej). Feem ntau, tus tsim ntawm cov tseem ceeb qhia txog kev ua yog muab tso rau hauv thawj tus neeg zoo tshaj, cov coj hais lo lus "Kuv" (kuv paub mus muab, tau sawv), uas yog, lub suffix yog poob, raws li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov qhia txog kev ua (kawm, muab, dostaosh). Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tseem ceeb heev tom qab rov qab (rau paub, tuaj rau, thiaj li mus txog!), Koj yuav tau txhob hnov qab txog nws nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub.

Ib tug subjunctive? Kev kawm ntawv thiab daim ntawv thov

Peb tig mus rau lub subjunctive zwj ceeb mus ob peb vas. Ntawm no, txhua yam yog yooj yim npaum li txawm nyob rau hauv lub tseem ceeb heev. Lub peculiarity ntawm kev siv ntawm no inclination yog hais tias nws yog tsim siv ib daim ntawv ntawm yav dhau los tense, uas hloov raws li cov hom thiab tus xov tooj ntawm cov khoom utterances, uas yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj, peb siv lub zoo tshaj ntaub ntawv ntawm yav dhau los tense (kuv mus thiab kos ), tab sis yog hais tias peb tham txog ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg los yog dab tsi uas peb ua siab mos qhia hu rau tus "koj", siv lub plural ntawm tib sij hawm elapsed (qhia tham).

Qhov thib ob feem ntawm cov subjunctive yog hais "yuav" thiab "b" - kev xaiv ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb thiab feem ntau tshwm sim los euphonious kab lus.

Thaum ntawd yog thaum peb xav kom qhia tau qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, peb coj ib tug qhia txog kev ua nyob rau hauv lub tsim nyog hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov yav tag los tense, thiab ntxiv mus rau nws qhov tsim nyog hais tau hais tias, yuav tau ncaim yuav tau luag ua ke.

Ib me ntsis ntxiv txog txoj kev siv cov nta

Qhov no daim ntawv, incidentally, yog tsis tsuas yog siv los qhia qhov kev txiav txim, nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob, tiam sis thaum peb xav hais tias peb yuav npau suav, xav (xav kom npau suav) thiab kev ntshai, xav phem cais tsis (yuav tshwm sim). Tej zaum yog hais tias tag nrho cov ntxoov yog siv sib npaug, li ntawd, siv nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv hu ua "zwj ceeb mus ob peb vas" heev conditionally (funny pun tau), nws yog zoo dua siv lub sij hawm "conjunctive mus ob peb vas".

Thiab tam sim no tag nrho dua luv luv

Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov saum toj no tau muab teev tseg rau tag nrho cov kev tshawb xav ntawm tej yam yooj yim cov kev cai mus ob peb vas rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Lub rooj yuav pab kho tau nws.

Xyaum, xyaum thiab xyaum dua!

Txog qhov kawg consolidation ntawm lub mas yuav kis tau cov ntaub ntawv uas, sim muab tso rau hauv ib tug txawv xav nram qab no verbs.

• Lub indicative: mus kos, luag, tsav tsheb, los rustle, teb cov lus, ntxub, tawm mus, mus tso tseg rau, muab tso rau, yuav tsum tau zoo siab, rau kua muag, mus txiav txim, rau hum, hoping mus kos.
• Cov tseem ceeb: mus, los tsis kam, kom quaj qw, los ua, kom tau, ua npau suav, mus cuag, tawm, muab, lub paj, overcook, mus foom phem rau, khav, xav txog tej yam, kom paub.
• Lub subjunctive: painting, mus saib, qhia tau tias, enjoin, ua kom puas, kom sov, ua tsis taus pa, siv ceev xwmphem yuav, thov, kom tsis txhob rwb thaiv tsev, tsis pab zoo siab, xav hais tias.

Summing li

Schedule, subjunctive thiab tseem ceeb mus ob peb vas - nws yog ib tug ntawm cov yooj yim cov kev cai, uas tsis yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb cia thiab siv rau qhov cov txiav, raws li qhov kev txiav txim cov lus, uas txhua leej txhua tus muaj nws them nyiaj yug. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub tsis yooj yim sua los tsis kam yuav tsum tau mus kawm tsawg kawg yog qhov yooj yim kev tshawb xav: tsis paub txog cov kev cai tswj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm to taub tej yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus tshwm sim.

Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, txoj kev xyaum tej zaum ntau npaum li cas xib fwb zoo tshaj qhuav ziag no. Ib tug loj loj ntxiv rau ntawm no xyov cov ntaub ntawv uas txoj cai uas peb siv txhua hnub, thiaj paub tias nws yuav tsis tau yooj yim.