Casimir nyhuv

Hais txog 50 lub xyoos dhau los, Henry Casimir nrhiav tau hais tias lub tshuab nqus tsev nruab nrab ntawm ob chaw yog ib tug tej yam attraction quab yuam. Lub hwj chim no muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv science.

Yog hais tias koj noj ob tsom iav thiab nruab lawv nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw tas nruab nrab ntawm lawv pib attraction, vim hais tias ntawm lawv muaj ib lub tshuab nqus. Qhov no tshwm sim tau raug nrhiav tau los ntawm Casimir nyob rau hauv 1948, thaum nws twb koom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb center nyob rau hauv Eindhoven. Qhov no tshwm sim tau raug hu ua tus Casimir nyhuv, ib tug dag zog yuam uas tshwm sim ntawm ob tug tsom iav - cov Casimir quab yuam.

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nws twb xav hais tias lub Casimir nyhuv - nws yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug txaus luag kev tshawb xav. Txawm li cas los, nyuam qhuav muaj tau ntau zog txaus siab rau qhov no phenomenon. Nws pom hais tias lub Casimir quab yuam ncaj qha muaj feem xyuam rau cov me mechanisms, thiab ua tsaug rau cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov kev khoom ntawm no quab yuam yuav ntsuas uas muaj precision.

Cov nyhuv no tej zaum yuav tau cov paj laum rau tej yam yuav tsum muaj physics. Muaj ntau ntau theories, raws li uas muaj nws kim heev ntxiv ntsuam nyob rau hauv ten- thiab kaum ib-seem theories. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov theories, muaj ib tug tej yam txawv los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus Newton, nyob mus nyob rau hauv qhov tsawg tshaj plaws feem ntawm ib millimeter. Yog li ntawd, xab cov teebmeem ntawm tus Casimir nyhuv, koj yuav xyuas no hypotheses.

Kawm Casimir colloids

Thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb center nyob rau hauv Eindhoven, Casimir kawm cov khoom yam ntxwv ntawm colloidal kev daws teeb meem. Cov no yog cov tshuaj nrog ib tug high school cov viscosity, uas muaj ib tug particle loj ntawm ib tug micron. Lawv lub zog yog txhais los ntawm Van ua dawb Waals rog - ib tug ntev-ntau txaus nyiam rog uas tshwm sim nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub lwg me me thiab lub atoms yog nruab nrab.

Theo Overbeek, Casimir colleague, hais tias Fritz London kev tshawb xav los piav txog cov rog ntawm Van ua dawb Waals rog yuav muab ib tug muaj tseeb kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub cov ntaub ntawv. Nws nug hais tias Casimir, uas nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no. Casimir tau pom hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom raug piav qhia txog cov kev sib cai ntawm 2 nruab nrab molecules, piv txwv tias yog hais tias tus tshaj tawm ntawm lub teeb yog qhov.

Tom qab ntawd, tus paub txog hais tias qhov no tshwm sim muaj peev xwm yuav piav yog hais tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hloov mus hloov los ntawm lub atom. Fluctuation - qhov no lub sij hawm, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm hloov mus hloov los thiab periodic hloov. Ces tus paub txog xav hais tias es tsis txhob ntawm ob molecules yuav nruab ob tsom iav uas tig mus rau txhua lwm yam raws li ob tog. Yog li ntawd nws kwv yees tus quab yuam ntawm attraction uas tau tshwm sim ntawm cov kev paib.

Dynamic Casimir nyhuv

Raws li quantum kev tshawb xav, lub tshuab nqus tsev yog tsis yog ib tug ntau tsis muaj dabtsis. Nyob rau hauv nws muaj kev hwj chim hloov mus hloov los - virtual hais thiab antiparticles yog yug thiab tuag. Lawv yog cov tau thov siab. Qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua "zoo li qub Casimir nyhuv". Nws twb muaj pov thawj los ntawm thwmsim. Txawm li cas los, raws muaj yog dynamic Casimir nyhuv - lub transformation ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev hloov mus hloov los nyob rau hauv tiag tiag hais (e.g., photons). Nws yog ib qhov ua rau muaj tau cai los ntawm kws tshawb fawb.

Nyob rau hauv dynamic Casimir nyhuv yuav tsum tshwm sim oscillation daim iav, nrog lawv ceev yog piv rau cov kev ceev ntawm lub teeb. Ua li no, physicists muaj rau nruab nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog sib nqus teb, cov hniav hlau. Ceev hloov mus hloov los ntawm daim teb no yog kaum ib billion lub sij hawm ib ob. Lub nto pib deform ntawm ib tus nqi uas yog 5% ntawm lub teeb, thiab lub rov tshwm sim ntawm photons tau sau npe nyob rau ntawm lub qhov tso zis. Raws li rau cov khoom ntawm photons, nws yuav tsum sib cav hais tias lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv officers.