Biography Butlerova Aleksandra thiab nws pab mus rau science

Biography Butlerova uas koj yuav kawm tau nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, sau cia rau hauv lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tshuaj qauv. Qhov no kev tshawb xav hnub no yog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm cov xwm tshuaj tebchaw.

Butlerova biography pib nyob rau hauv 1828, thaum ib tug me me Butlerovke zos nyob tsis deb ntawm Kazan, yug Alexander. Qhov kev tshwm sim coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm nws txiv.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: thaum yau

Alexander yeej tsis nco txog nws niam raws li nws tuag 11 hnub tom qab yug tus me nyuam ntawm nws tus tub. Nws txiv yog ib tug educated txiv neej, thiab rau yav tom ntej tus paub txog xav nyob ib ncig ntawm nws zoo li. Thaum xub thawj, cov me nyuam tub mus rau ib tug nce tsev kawm ntawv, thiab ces pib mus kawm ntawv nyob rau Thawj Kazan chav xyaum tes taw. Nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv no tau zoo heev txog tej xib fwb uas muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev kawm. Alexander kawm yog ib qho yooj yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog attracted nws science.

Cov chav kawm nyob rau University of Kazan, tsiv mus Kazan

Contrary rau qhov kev thov ntawm nws tus txiv, tom qab tag high school, Alexander txiav txim siab los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm tej yam ntuj tso sciences department ntawm lub University of Kazan. Ib xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1845-m, nws twb mus thawj xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tus tub hluas muaj 17 xyoo.

Biography Butlerova muab nyob rau hauv 1846 ib tug unpleasant tshwm sim - nws poob mob nrog typhus. Txiv neej txuj ci tseem ceeb dim, tab sis kuv txiv, tus uas tus kab mob los rau nws, tuag. Butlerof lub caij nplooj zeeg nws tsiv nrog nws tus phauj rau Kazan. Thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv nws kawm rau siab ntso, tab sis tsis ntev pom tias feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov nws nyiam lectures rau Science News for KIDS. Nws tsis txaus siab lub lectures xibfwb Claus, li ntawd, nws pib mus kawm cov chav kawm ntawv, uas coj Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin. Xeem watching thaum lub sij hawm kuaj ua hauj lwm rau Alexander pom hais tias cov tub ntxhais ntse.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus neeg sib tw ua hauj lwm

Rau lub master degree Alexander tau kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv xa ib tug thesis. Zinin lub sij hawm no mus rau St. Petersburg los ntawm Kazan. Yog li ntawd, Alexander tau mus rau nrog lub ntuj sciences. Nws npaj rau nws PhD ua hauj lwm ib tsab xov xwm hu ua "Butterflies ntawm lub Volga-Ural fauna". Tab sis tom qab ib tug thaum lub yam no xws li hais tias Butlerof tseem rov qab mus rau Science News for KIDS.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub University of Kazan

Tom qab ua haujlwm tau nyiaj ib tug degree, Alexander tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm lub Kazan University. Klaus, tsuas xib fwb ntawm Science News for KIDS, yuav tsis nws tus kheej nqa tawm tag nrho cov kev ua ub no thiab xav tau ib tug pab uas los ua Alexander. Butlerof lub caij nplooj zeeg 1850, nws tau tso lub xeem thiab los ua ib tug tswv ntawm Science News for KIDS. Nws tam sim ntawd pib ua hauj lwm rau nws doctoral dissertation rau lub npe ntawm tseem ceeb roj. Butlerov defended lub chaw ua hauj lwm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej. Nrog rau qhov kev npaj ntawm lectures Alexander koom nyob rau hauv ib tug meej kev tshawb ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS.

Butlerof nerd

Biography Butlerova xav tsis tau tsuas yog chemists, tab sis kuj botanists. Alexander ua thwmsim nyob rau hauv lawv cov greenhouses uas twb nyob rau hauv Butlerovke nyob rau hauv Kazan. Tsis tas li ntawd sau cov khoom nyob rau floriculture, horticulture thiab ua liaj ua teb Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Duab monument rau Alexander, nyob rau hauv Kazan, nyob ze ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, yog hais hauv qab no.

Doctorate, txawv tebchaws txawv teb chaws, tau pab rau Science News for KIDS

Butlerof Lub rau hli ntuj 4, 1854 tau txais ib tug doctorate nyob rau hauv physics thiab Science News for KIDS. Tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawd, nws raug tsa acting xib fwb ntawm Science News for KIDS nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg Kazan University. Butlerof pib ntawm 1857 nws yog ib tug twb tau xibfwb. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, nws tau txais kev tso cai mus rau ib qho chaw twg txawv teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv Berlin Alexander tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub lig lub caij ntuj sov. Tom qab ib tug thaum nws mus rau ib txoj kev taug los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Switzerland thiab Fabkis. Paris yog lub qhov kawg lub hom phiaj ntawm lub dawm. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog lub ntiaj teb no qhov chaw rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Science News for KIDS. Butlerova attracted mas lub rooj sib tham nrog Adolf Wurtz. Nyob rau hauv nws kev kuaj, nws ua hauj lwm 2 lub hlis Aleksandr Butlerov. Chemist, nws pib mus rau kev lawv thwmsim no. Tom qab ib co sij hawm, nws kev tshawb fawb yielded thawj txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej no 20 xyoo, nws qhib dozens kev tshua thiab tshuaj Alexander Butlerov. Pab mus rau nws Science News for KIDS tau lossis loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ua heev syntheses ntawm ethylene thiab ethanol, tertiary alcohols, dinzobutilena, trioxymethylene, hexamine yog nyob rau keeb kwm ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm industries. Lawv muaj ib tug stimulating nyhuv on nws txoj kev loj hlob. Raws li koj tau pom, ib tug ntau ntawm science thiab kev lag luam ua Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Tau raws li nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Tam sim no qhia txog cov kev tshawb xav tsim los ntawm qhov chemist.

kev tshawb xav Butlerova

Butlerof kawm hydrocarbons, kuv pom tau hais tias nws yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj. Tus paub txog cais lawv lub zog thiab cov qauv, pom ib tug nruj kev cai lij choj, uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav ntawm tshuaj qauv, tsim los ntawm nws.

Butlerova tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm lub Paris Academy ntawm Sciences, twb greeted nrog kev txaus siab. Pib ib tug cus ciav sib cav tswv yim. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm lub 2nd mus ncig ua si txawv teb chaws, Alexander nthuav nws kev tshawb xav. Nws muab ib qho kev nthuav rau lub 36 congress ntawm cov kws kho mob thiab zaum nyob rau hauv Speyer, muaj nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1861 Butlerov nyeem nws daim ntawv qhia txog "Ib yam dab tsi txog cov tshuaj qauv ntawm lub cev." Tus paub txog tswvcuab cov neeg tuaj saib nws tsim ib tug tshiab kev tshawb xav ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Nws hais tias txhua txhua atom uas yog ib feem ntawm lub cev yog ncaj qha kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nws tsim thiab ua nrog rog tswj lub atoms lwm tus nws. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm no raug atoms khi rau ib tug qauv ntawm cov hom tshuaj lom neeg. Nws hu ua lub tshuaj qauv ntawm lub tsev lag luam ntawm cov rog, uas ua rau yus mus rau ib tug coupling ntawm lub atoms. Yog li, tus qhab hais muaj cov tshuaj paus uas yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm yam, lawv tshuaj cov kevcai tswj thiab kom muaj nuj nqis.

Nco ntsoov tias ua ntej Butlerova tau ntsib nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, lub sij hawm "tshuaj qauv". Txawm li cas los, tus paub txog pib mus rau rethink nws siv kom txhais tau ib cov tswvyim tshiab. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tshuaj qauv yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov ceg ntawm cov niaj hnub hluavtaws Science News for KIDS.

Tau trimethyl carbinol

Zoo siab tshaj xyoo nyob rau hauv lub neej yuav raug xam tias yog Butlerova 1863rd twb sawv acetyl chloride dimethylzinc, ib tus paub txog rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm tau txais tertiary butyl cawv, tsis paub li trimethyl. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, sai tom qab nws tau qhia lub synthesis ntawm butyl alcohols, thawj thiab. Isobutyl cawv tau paub tias yuav zaum txij li thaum 1852. Ces nws twb xub cais los ntawm zaub roj. Tam sim no, cov lus nug yuav yog hais txog tej kev tsis sib haum, vim hais tias muaj yog 4 ntawm butyl cawv, txhua tus uas yog ib tug isomer. Nws yog ib tug tiag tiag kev kovyeej rau lub yam ntxwv kev tshawb xav.

kev tshawb xav tautomerism

Rau lub sij hawm los ntawm 1862 mus 1865 txhawj xeeb qhov yooj yim txoj hauj lwm qhia Butlerov tshiab kev tshawb xav tam sim no reversible isomerization tautomerism. Nws sau xav hais tias lub mechanism ntawm cleavage yog muaj tib lub qauv ntawm molecules thiab sib tov rau lawv nrog rau cov remnants ntawm lub tsim ntawm tshiab molecules nrog sib txawv qauv. Tus kws tshawb fawb hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj dab dynamic mus kom ze. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lawv yuav tsum tau yuav tau li equilibrium. Alexander tus credibility li ib tug sau tautomerism kev tshawb xav paub tias nws txawm Peter Laar, ib tug German chemist, uas coined lo lus "tautomerism".

Tutorial nyob rau hauv Chemistry

Tam sim no Butlerova ua hauj lwm yog siv nws cov yam ntxwv kev tshawb xav muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau tag nrho cov tebchaw thiab tshua ntawm organic Science News for KIDS, raws li zoo raws li tsim ib tug tshiab phau ntawv rau organic Science News for KIDS. Nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv nyeem tag nrho cov tshwm sim yuav tsum raug xam tias yog los ntawm lub plaub ntawm cov kev tshawb xav nws tsim. Yuav luag 2 xyoo Butlerov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws cov creation. Peb tawm (nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1864 mus 1866), ib phau ntawv los ntawm Alexander M. "Introduction mus rau ib tug ua tiav kev tshawb ntawm cov organic Science News for KIDS." Nws yog deb superior rau txhua yam paub thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cov phau ntawv. Butlerova ua hauj lwm tau tshwm sim los ib tug kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv science. Twb tau nyob rau 1867 peb pib los npaj cov neeg txhais lus thiab cov ntawv qhia hauv phau ntawv no nyob rau hauv German. Ces muaj txhais nyob rau hauv lwm yam loj lus ntawm cov teb chaws Europe.

So nyob rau hauv Butlerovke ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg University

Tom qab tag kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv ntau ntau zaus nws yog nyob rau hauv nws qub txeeg qub tes Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Nws tsev neeg ob peb lub sij hawm ib lub lim tiam, tuaj ntawm no. Tus yau tus tub, Volodya, uas yog 2 xyoo, hlub mus ua si ntawm lub tiaj nyom, nyob ze ntawm lub tsev. Kuv hlub mus so no thiab Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog nws muaj xws li mob siab rau paj cultivation thiab cov creation ntawm collections ntawm kab.

Butlerov yog tam sim no siv tsawg lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub lab, txawm li cas los, nws ua raws li cov discoveries ntawm kws tshawb fawb. Thaum cov teg num ntawm Mendeleev, tus naas ej chemist, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1868 Alexander raug caw mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg University. Ntawm no nws pib mus rau qhuab qhia, raws li zoo raws li lub koom haum, nws tshuaj laboratory. Zaum tau tsim ib tug tshiab txoj kev qhia. Nws npaj kuaj kev xyaum, tam sim no dav saws. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm cov tshuaj cov khoom.

Tau isobutylene

Butlerof txuas ntxiv tshawb fawb uas tsim tus yam ntxwv kev tshawb xav. Nws xav los ua pov thawj hais tias ncaj thiab branched carbon saw yuav tau tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Qhov no assumption stems los ntawm nws kev tshawb xav. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tsim nyog los ua pov thawj nws nyob rau hauv xyaum. Thaum kawg, lub zog ntawm Alexander tus hai. Nws tau txais ib tug ntev-awaited isobutylene. Yog li, lub xub ntiag ntawm branched-saw hydrocarbon tau pov thawj.

Kev Koom Tes nyob rau hauv lub neej kev ntawm St. Petersburg

Butlerov, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tshawb nrhiav ub no, yog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug lub neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab capital. Progressive zej zog ntawm lub sij hawm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov poj niam txoj kev kawm ntawv. Nws yog tsim nyog rau cov poj niam kom muaj kev nkag tau mus kawm ntawv qib siab. Ua li no, kev kho mob thiab kev phais academy yog tsim los pab cov tsev kawm ntawv rau cov poj niam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj tau ib lub koom haum Bestuzhev poj niam kev kawm, nyob rau hauv uas Alexander muab nws lectures rau Science News for KIDS.

Kev ua tswv cuab nyob rau hauv lub Academy ntawm Sciences

Cov kev ua ub no paub txog twb muab tsub los ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences. Butlerov raug xaiv nyob rau hauv 1871 extraordinary academician, thiab tom qab 3 xyoo - thiab zoo tib yam. Vim hais tias ntawm no, nws tau txais ib tug chav tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev uas los ntawm lub academy. Ntawm no nws nyob thiab ua Zinin Nikolai Nikolaevich. Ntev-sawv kev phooj ywg nrog nws muaj ntxiv ntxiv dag zog rau cov nyob ze sib thooj.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Aleksandra Butlerova kom txog thaum tsis ntev los no xyoo tau txuam nrog science. Tab sis lub xyoo dhau thiab cov chav kawm ntawv nrog rau cov me nyuam kawm ntawv ua heev hnyav rau Butlerova. Tus kws tshawb fawb txiav txim siab mus rau tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Nws nyeem ib tug farewell qhuab qhia 4 lub Plaub Hlis 1880 Qhov kev txiav txim twb tau ntsib nrog sib sib zog nqus chim siab. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub scientific council nug Alexander tus nyob. Nws twb raug xaiv rau lwm 5 xyoo.

Butlerov kom tsis txhob muaj kev ua ub no ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws nyeem xwb lub ntsiab kawm, thiab ib tug ob peb lub sij hawm ib lub lim tiam siv nyob rau hauv lub lab zaug. Lub yim hli ntuj 5, 1886 tuag ntawm vascular occlusions Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Duab lub tsev teev ntuj nyob hauv lub ntxa Butlerova hais saum toj no.