Yuav ua li cas sib sau ua ke ib Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab: kev qhia rau beginners

Feem ntau yeej tsis muaj peev xwm peb them taus lub meej kev xyiv fab ntawm ua ib yam dabtsi thaum peb muab so hauv tej caj npab, ob txhais ceg, lub taub hau thiab thoob plaws hauv lub cev raws li ib tug tag nrho. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, peb tsuas xav tias peb ua dab tsi. Qhov no yog vim hais tias ib tug neeg yog heev kom nquag plias nyob rau hauv lub ntuj. Nws yog bored thiab xav paub amorphous zog ntawm lub neej. Yog hais tias peb muaj ib tug dawb feeb, nws nug tau kom lub ntsiab thaum chiv thawj. Piv txwv li, kom dhos rau ib tug Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab. Cov lus qhia rau tus sau los ntawm lub puzzle yog heev txog, tab sis to taub nws yog heev tiag tiag.

Ib me ntsis ntawm cov keeb kwm tseeb

Ntau tshaj 40 xyoo dhau los, Hungarian sculptor Erno Rubik tshwm sim los rau lub ntiaj teb no nws nto moo puzzle kev ua si, uas yog hu ua xwb los ntawm sau lub npe. Tom qab ntawd, inventor twb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev qhia muaj tsim thiab architecture. Muaj yog ib tug version hais tias nws tuaj mus nrog ib lub voos xwmfab rau ib tug qhia lub cuab tam, uas koj yuav kom meej meej piav qhia txog cov qauv rau kev xyuam xim pab pawg neeg kev tshawb xav. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv inventor pib ua ib kev sib tw - kom tau ib co blocks tig dawb do rau hauv av, tsis muaj ua kom cov yam ntxwv kev sib sau ntawm cov puzzle. Raws li, qhov thawj testers tau ua phooj ywg thiab cov menyuam kawm thawv muaj rau sab.

Nyob rau hauv 1975, lub Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab twb patented, tiam sis tsuas yog ob xyoos tom qab launched zus tau tej cov coj mus muag batch ntawm ntsuas. Thawj lawv pib ua ib tug me me koom tes nyob rau hauv Budapest, uas yog positioned raws li ib tug khoom Tshiab Xyoo qho khoom ua si Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab. Cov lus qhia rau los ua ke yog tsis txuas, tab sis tus kwv uas deceiving ib tug nplua mais ntawm paj thiab nws cov paub tsis meej. Cov khoom ua si tau los ua ib tug tiag tiag universal thiab caw tag nrho cov pawg ntawm cov pejxeem. Qhov thib ob surge ntawm muaj koob meej tshwm sim thaum ib lub voos xwmfab pom nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov waiter German businessman Tibor Lakzi, fond ntawm kev kawm txog zauv. Nws pib los txhawb cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov lus rov Tom Kremer - lub inventor ntawm qhov zoo ua si. Ua ke, lawv kuj muaj peev xwm khiav lub "nyhav" ntxeem tau thiab tso ntau tshaj 100 lab cov khoom ua si.

lub sij hawm ncej

Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas npaum li cas lub sij hawm koj yuav tau sau cov Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab? Cov lus qhia yog tsis yog tshwj xeeb attracted rau beginners "puzzler". Yog li ntawd nws tau mus sau ib tug ntev thiab mob heev. Muaj coob tus neeg tsis txhob sawv ntsug thiab muab pov pib midway. Tab sis lub sib dhos ntawm lub puzzle txig muaj lub cev muaj zog cov kev txawj, nkoos lub siab, soothes thiab pab kom to taub koj tus kheej. Thaum lub sij hawm, cov neeg to taub hais tias random sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub puzzle yog heev yooj yim. Ib tug muaj mus rau chaw uasi rau cov pov thawj algorithms. Muaj ntau "podsazhivatsya" thiab tsiv mus rau lub ceev ceev los ua ke. Tej neeg no hu ua "spidkuberami", thiab cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej - "spidkubingom". Txawm nyob rau hauv lub official kev sib tw nyob rau hauv cov auspices ntawm lub ntiaj teb Thawv muaj rau sab Association. Niaj hnub no teem ib lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv 5,55 vib nas this. Nws set Mats hma. Ua ntej nws, lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv tau koom Feliks Zemdegs thiab yog 5,66 vib nas this. Raws li unofficial ntaub ntawv, nws nrhiav thiab tau nyob rau hauv 4,79 vib nas this.

rau beginners

Yog li ntawd koj nyob nraum tuav ib tug Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab. Los ua ke cov lus qhia kom txog rau thaum koj tau kawm ntxiv, thiab koj xav mus ua kom to taub yuav ua li cas khiav lag luam yog cov puzzle. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom ua si 6 sab ntawm txawv xim. Thaum yuav tag nrho ob tog tau sau thiab ntsuas ntawm tib xim. Cia cov tswv yim khiav qus thiab tig lub thawv muaj rau sab feeb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov axes. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ua ntej koj - lub intricate puzzle uas seemed rau tsis unravel. Muaj coob tus neeg xav kom kaw lub rooj sib txoos mus kiag li lauj lub thawv muaj rau sab nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb mechanism. Yog hais tias txhua yam yeej muaj tseeb, ces koj yog npaj txhij rau cov txheej txheem. Tsev rau Beginners muaj xya theem, txhua yam uas yog achievable, txawm ib tug me nyuam.

Kauj ruam yog kauj ruam qhia: yuav ua li cas sib sau ua ke ib Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab

Koj yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb rau hauv lub dawb sab. Xav txog tej yam tias nws yog tus puag uas tuas rau tag nrho cov qauv. Tom qab txhua tus "dag", kos cov dawb sab rau nws lub sam xeeb yog tsis puas. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem sau dawb ntoo khaub lig, thiab qhov chaw uas muaj yog ib tug dawb square nyob rau hauv lub center. Nco ntsoov tias lub pivot sectors rau txhua sab kom yog xim dab tsi rau qhov chaw uas mus sau. Thaum lub thib ob theem nws yog tsim nyog los sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm lub dawb sab. Tom ntej no tuaj dawb txheej npoo, tus ntoo khaub lig nyob rau hauv lub xeem uake. Tom qab qhov yuav tsum tau yuav npaj mus rau lub kawm tuab si lug ntawm lub tav thiab lub xeem txheej ntawm cov ces kaum thiab ib tug reversal ntawm cov ces kaum.

Ntawm cov feem ntau

Heev nrov cov lus qhia rau assembling lub Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab ntawm authorship Dzhessiki Fridrih. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm high-ceev los ua ke uas tsis yuav tsum tau khaws cia ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - kom to taub lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev mus rau saum ntoo khaublig rau ntawm ib sab. Tus thawj txheej yog sau ib txhij nrog tus thib ob. Cov nram qab no orientation thiab permutation ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm lub qaum txheej.

rau qhov

Yog hais tias koj cim tau cov mis tsis xav mus, ces tus saj yuav muaj kauj ruam yog kauj ruam cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm lub Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab Valery Morozov. Ntawm no koj yuav tau cim tej ntsiab cai ntawm lub rooj sib txoos. Thawj sau yim ces kaum daim. Tom ntej no, plaub tav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txheej yog sau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo khaub lig rau ntawm nws sab. Qhov seem yim npoo yuav tsum tsim qhov tseeb officers. Thaum kawg ntawm lub rau focal sectors ntsia lawv cov ntsej muag.

Peb mus rau lub sawb

Yog hais tias koj twb sim thiab txawm muaj kev tswj kom sau ib tug puzzle, koj yuav tau sim tawm hauv lub thiaj li hu ua sawb txoj kev. Nws yog haum rau lub voos xwmfab 5 * 5, tab sis lub tsheb ciav hlau yog zoo dua rau ib tug me me version - 3 * 3.

Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev yuav tsum tau paub qhov txawv ntawm txhais tes thiab tuav txoj kev sib hloov ntawm lub voos xwmfab nyob rau hauv ib tug clockwise kev taw qhia thiab tawm tsam nws. Cov los ua ke pib nrog lub hais tsis zoo dawb ntoo khaub lig. Ntxiv mus, nws yuav tsum tau ncua mus rau angular ntsiab. Koj ua hauj lwm - yuav tsum tau raws li lub central ntsiab ntawm sab saum, uas ncaim ntawm cov dawb ntoo khaub lig. Dawb angular ntsiab tsim nyog rau koj tsiv mus rau tib cov kev taw qhia. Ib tug inexperienced neeg yuav kawm tau nyob rau hauv no txoj kev lub Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab. Los ua ke cov lus qhia rau beginners ntawm no hom tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim, tab sis nws tsis muab ib yam kev taw qhia. Tau npaj rau qhov tseeb hais tias nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm.

yooj yim kev txawj ntse

Nws hloov tawm hais tias muaj coob tus neeg yuav tuaj mus nrog ib algorithm, yuav ua li cas sib sau ua ke ib Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab. Kauj ruam yog kauj ruam cov lus qhia thaum uas nws yog tsis yog tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb heev. Tej zaum koj, dhau lawm, yuav tsum tau mus txua nws tus kheej txoj kev? Txhua yam yog ua tau, tab sis muaj yog yooj yim kev txawj ntse uas yuav pab tau rau sawv daws. Yog li ntawd, ib lub voos xwmfab muaj ib tug ncej - tus ntoo khaub lig uas yog mounted lub hauv paus ib feem. Tag nrho cov ntsiab yog rooj noj, thiab cov thawv muaj rau sab rotates nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Rau puag feem ntau muab cov dawb sab, thiab rov qab - feem ntau yog daj. Cov kev sib hloov ntawm qhov chaw yog tau nyob rau hauv ib tug clockwise kev coj, tawm tsam nws thiab 180 degrees. Nws yog ntxiv paub tias qhov nyuaj rooj sib txoos muaj xws li xya successive cov kauj ruam. Tus thawj yog yeej ib txwm mus mus rau ib tug dawb ntoo khaub lig

Lub ntsiab theem

Yog li ntawd, ua ntej koj Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab, cov kev qhia ntawv rau beginners thiab sab laug - hais txog ib nrab ib teev. Qhov no yog txaus rau kawm txog cov qauv ntawm los ua ke. Chiv, tsis txhob caum lub sij hawm. Xyaum thiab tsuas xyaum yuav pab tau koj ua spidkuberom. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, sim tau los kav cov ntsiab theem - los ua ke ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig. Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj kev vam meej spidkubery ua nws intuitively, raws li muaj tsis muaj qauv. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - mus nrhiav cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas cov dawb thawv muaj rau sab yog nyob rau hauv lub center. Nco ntsoov hais tias txhua tav muaj ob lub voos xwmfab xim, thiab raws li nws yuav tsum phim nrog ob chaw zov me nyuam - dawb thiab xim. Tam sim no mus saib cov kev taw qhia nrog ib tug dawb chaw nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm dawb ribs. Yog hais tias lawv yog, ces cias tig rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv muaj rau sab kom phim tus tav nrog ib tug thib ob chaw. Tam sim no saib rau lwm sab, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug dawb tis ntses hau, lawv heev tsuas rov qab mus rau lub dawb sab. Qhov seem ntsiab yuav tau tom upward, lifting lub thawv muaj rau sab ntawm lub dawb sab mus rau sab saum toj thiab xa nws mus rau lub chaw.

Pib lub rooj sib txoos txheej txheem

Thawj ob khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav muab tso heev cias. Qhov no yog ib tug heev phem lub sij hawm rau cov neeg uas xav txog yuav ua li cas sau cov Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab. Instruction rau beginners yog ib tug yeeb yam pab, tab sis nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov kauj ruam no muaj peev xwm yuav ua tau intuitively. Cov ntsiab teeb meem nrog rau qhov no - angular chaw blocks nyob rau hauv thawj txheej. Nyob rau hauv spidkuberov rau no muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem uas lawv hu "bang-bang". Incidentally, nws muaj nws tus kheej mis. Thawv muaj rau sab, sim mus yeej ib txwm kom cov dawb center (thiab sab, ntsig txog) down. Saib rau sab tsuav uas phim cov xim ntawm ciam teb sab. Sab ntsej muag tsa, thiab ces noj tam sim ntawd lub sab opposite los ntawm cov sab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig hais tias "tshuav" nyob rau lwm yam lub ntsej muag. Lub mechanism ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub ces kaum ntsuas yog tib yam - Nrhiav lub voos xwmfab nyob rau hauv cov xim tsis pub dhau, elevating nws mus rau cov yam daim teb, thiab ces - allocating ntawm lub brink ntawm ib tug "tshiab" lub voos xwmfab. Tom qab teem lub angular blocks nyob rau hauv lub qis txheej yuav npaj mus rau lub thib ob hauv qab. Lub algorithm yog zoo sib xws, tab sis cov kev tshawb fawb blocks yuav nyuaj thiab ntev. Ntawm no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tav ntsuas teev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib tug formula thiab nws daim iav duab. Ua ntej lub kawm tuab si lug tsim nyog los tig lub sab sauv txheej thiab cov thawv muaj rau sab tav teem rau ntawm cov yam qhov chaw. Yuav xa mus rau cov xim ntawm lub sab lub ntsej muag ntais ntawv cov xim ntawm lub hauv paus sector ntawm nruab nrab txheej. Oh, thiab tsis txhob ua lub sab sauv dawb ntoo khaub lig. Yog hais tias koj yog ib tug tsim tau ib tug dawb tes, ces koj tsis yog ib tug priori ua txhaum kev ntseeg, tab sis yog hais tias tus xim yuav mus rau lub tog, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov dawb ntoo khaub lig fraught tiav chaos nyob rau hauv lub puzzle. Daim iav zoo li repetitions yuav tsum tau koom ua ke dawb sab thiab hauv qab ob khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg rau txhua sab. Plus, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm koj chaw ua hauj lwm central sector ob tog yuav tsum coincide nrog lub chaw zov me nyuam. Tam sim no koj yog sab laug nrog cov theem kawg - tus sau los ntawm angular blocks rau sab saum.

Muaj coob tus neeg nyob rau hauv lawv lub sij hawm spare sau cov Rubik lub thawv muaj rau sab thiab sim ua kom nws ceev thiab yooj yim rau lwm tus neeg. Txij li thaum 1980, cov kev tshawb fawb pib rau lub thiaj li hu ua Vajtswv tus algorithm rau yoo mov ua ke. Thom nug, computer programmers thiab tsuas scientific mysteries lovers tab tom nrhiav rau ib txoj kev los daws tau qhov puzzle nyob rau hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus naj npawb ntawm cov kev xyaum. Nyob rau hauv 2010, ib tug programmer Tomas Rokicki, Lej HG Kotsemba thiab Morley Davidson, raws li zoo raws li engineer John Detridzh twb tau los ua pov thawj hais tias tej configuration ntawm cov puzzle yuav tsum solved nyob rau hauv ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 20 tsiv. Progress nrog lub turnaround yog tej lub ntsej muag.