Architecture thiab aesthetic nta ntawm Amiens Cathedral

Amiens Cathedral yog ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb nyob rau cov teb chaws Europe ntawm Gothic architecture designs. Nws yog ib qhov zoo kawg li lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Amiens (Fabkis), nyob rau hauv ib tug ntug qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam hu ua tus "Valley ntawm Fabkis dawb lias".

nroog Amiens

Qhov no lub nroog yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb, yuav luag ib nrab txoj kev nyob nruab nrab ntawm Belgium thiab Paris, nyob rau hauv Somme, 55 kilometers ntawm lub English Channel (sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj). Amiens - yog ib tug zoo siab txais tos, khab seeb thiab kaj lub nroog, situated nrog ntsuab vaj thiab Sommskogo dej channel, uas nyob rau hauv ntau quarters nws txiav. Nws twb rebuilt tom qab daim ntawv thov thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, cov devastation yuav luag los ntawm kos thiab yog tam sim no ib tug loj lub chaw rau zus tau tej cov khau thiab textiles, mechanical engineering thiab metallurgy, khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam. Rau leisurely taug kev ntev ntev ib Boulevard nrog linden alleys. Zhyul Vern txhob txwm txiav txim siab ua no ces kaum ntawm lub Hoobkas, qhov uas nws mus yuav luag txhua txhua hnub koj kos rau hauv nyob deb pawg neeg thaj av lub tswv yim.

Raws nyob ib ncig ntawm Amiens Cathedral

Qhov no Cathedral yog lub tsev teev ntuj teej tug mus rau lub Catholic npis sov. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ib ncig ntawm nws yog them nrog raws. Lawv ua rau tag nrho cov network. 55 km - tag nrho ntev. Cov canals tau khawb centuries dhau los los ntawm cov neeg Loos. Cathedral ntawm 1981 yog nyob rau hauv UNESCO tiv thaiv, txij li thaum nws yog lub ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Site. Fabkis nroog ntawm Amiens, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub npe hu thiab lwm yam kev cai dab qhuas monuments, uas yog heev heev no.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev

Peb txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj twb ua nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm St. Mary. Nws kuj hu ua tus Cathedral of Our pojniam ntawm Amiens. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau cov neeg tseem xav vernacular. Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Nws kuj yog ib tug ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus loj tshaj plaws Gothic lub koom txoos.

Amiens Cathedral ua tau rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qub tsev, uas nyob rau hauv 1218 yog kub tuag los xob laim. Raws li cov inscription rau qhov seem ntawm "labyrinth", puas nyob rau hauv 1825, nws siv tau pib nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob kawg nyob rau hauv 1220. Nyob rau hauv 1236 th ntxhib lub naves tau ua kom tiav. Hau - mus 1247th, tab sis nws raug kev txom nyem ib tug tua hluav taws sai tom qab kawm tiav. Qhov kawg hauv daim ntawv ntawm nws nws coj nyob rau hauv 1269. Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, lub sab hnub poob facade tau coj tuaj rau lub Roses. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th nws underwent renovation. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub sab sauv ib feem ntawm nws tau raug ua tiav.

Raws li cov inscriptions "labyrinth" builders peb masters: Tom de Cormon nrog rau nws tus tub, Rene De Cormon, thiab Robert ntawm luzarches. Lawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1220 los ntawm 1228, uas yog, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thaum lwm masters tsa Reims Cathedral. Buttresses thawj theem tau nce nyob rau hauv lub lig lub xyoo pua 13th, thiab lub Team sib nruab nrab ntawm lawv los ua chapels.

Cathedral Architecture

Chartres Cathedral tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug qauv rau kev tsim kho ntawm Amiens. Qhov no peb-nave basilica nrog ib tug tsim ib feem ntawm lub hu nkauj ua ke thiab ib tug dav transept. Pawg Hu Nkauj ntawm lub Cathedral surrounded los ntawm ib tug crown ntawm chapels. Lawv tus naj npawb nce mus txog xya. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov nyob rau tib lub sij hawm xav thawb rau pem hauv ntej. Peb naves yog cov transept. Raws li nyob rau hauv Chartres, sredokrestiya chaw coincides nrog rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug kev tsim kho raws li Amiens Cathedral. Nws txoj hau kev, txawm li cas los, yog sib txawv dog dig los ntawm Chartres.

Cathedral ntawm Amiens yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov uas yog nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Nws ntev (nyob rau hauv) yog 118 meters (tsis muaj central projecting Chapel), thiab nave qhov nruab nrab qhov siab nce mus txog 42,3 meters. Lub dav ntawm lub naves (tsis suav sab lub tsev teev ntuj) - 33 meters, transept - 59 meters, thiab lub suab qw qhov chaw - 48 meters.

Qhov no cathedral yog tib yam piv ntawm cov dav ntawm nruab nrab thiab sab aisles ntawm lub ntsiab "nkoj", raws li nyob rau hauv Reims. Nws yog hais txog 9:14. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Reims cathedral square yog nyom aisles, thiab nyob rau hauv Amiens lawv yog lub (txog 9h7 m). 14 meters yog lub dav ntawm lub nave.

Lub sab hauv ntawm tus cathedral ntawm Amiens yog ib tug. Nws maj mam qhib li, nyob rau hauv qhov tob, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub nave yog heev yooj yim: tag nrho cov qhov siab ntawm nws bisects lub Cornice ntawm cov thawj theem. Longitudinal arcade nyob siab, occupies hauv qab ib nrab. Nyob rau ib lub qhov siab ntawm 18 meters nws muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav tsev fuabtais, thaum tsuas 9.5 m yog qhov siab ntawm lub arcade ntawm tus naas ej Parisian tsev teev ntuj.

Lub sab qab teb ntauwd ua tau nyob ib ncig ntawm 1366, thiab sab qaum teb - nyob rau hauv 1401-m. Gothic architecture ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, txawm los ntawm hnub no tus qauv yog unsurpassed. Amiens Cathedral, nrog rau Reims thiab Chartres ntaub ntawv tus Vaj Trinity Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Fabkis, uas tau raug muaj npe los ntawm ib tug pov npav ntawm lub classics ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th thiab siab gothic style.

Lub architectural npaj ntawm lub tsev peb xav nyob rau hauv no yog zoo mus rau lwm yam Gothic cathedrals ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, nrog rau cov Paris-Notre Dame. Cov neeg tuaj saib tam sim no muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub sij hawm mus nce lub sab hnub poob ntauwd, nyob rau lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev thiab los yeej muaj txaus siab rau cov breathtaking views ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv Fabkis.

lub rooj vag ntawm Amiens

Rooj vag rau kev txiav txim lub ntsiab nkag mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Amiens twb muaj npe. Cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog rau ntau yam kev cai dab qhuas scenes, uas depict ib tug sawv rov qab los rau suav thiab rua Vajtswv thiab Leej Tub apocalyptic tib neeg nrog koj rho los ntawm nws cov qhov ncauj ob swords thiab al. Rooj vag nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob facade ntawm sab xis yog nplooj siab mus rau Mary. Tias nws yog tus Patroness ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Nyob rau sab laug sab ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm lub façade muaj nplooj siab mus rau tus thawj npis sov ntawm Amiens, tus Vaj Firmin.

teeb lawv

Los ntawm 1 hlis ntuj nqeg rau 1 Lub ib hlis ntuj, nrog rau Christmas, lub Cathedral raws li ib feem ntawm lub teeb lawv tseem ceeb rau hauv zoo nkauj heev teeb. Cheeb tsam yav tsaus ntuj Nkij los txuam rau tej yam yees siv ntxoov ntxoo, suab paj nruag thiab cov kev ua si ntawm lub teeb. Feem ntau tsis pub dhau 45 feeb kom txog thaum qhov kev pab cuam sau, koj yuav saib tau ib tug zoo kawg spectacle. Qhov no multi-kob teeb thiab dawb lias facade ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Amiens. Nyob rau cov kev ua si ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo, twv yuav raug hu muaj nqis ib saib. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub facade, ib tug tom qab lwm highlights sculptures, nyob rau lub sab hnub poob facade ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Amiens.

Lub relics ntawm Ioanna Krestitelya hauv lub tsev teev ntuj

Qhov no ua lag ua luam daim ntawv ntawm lub nroog ntawm Amiens yog breathtaking. Ib zaug hauv, koj twb paub lawm hais tias tsis yog tsuas yog tus sab nraud kho kom zoo nkauj yog txawv splendor. Hauv lub tsev teev ntuj yog lub relics ntawm Ioanna Krestitelya. Nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm nws ua tib zoo khaws cia rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm lub neeg dawb huv raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm kev kho neeg mob thiab cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm pilgrimage tibneeg ntau ntau ntawm cov neeg ntseeg. Nws yog los ntawm cov relics, raws li cov laus-timers, Amiens Cathedral tseem unharmed thaum lub sij hawm Nazi kev tso hoob pob. Nce rau nws cov phab ntsa, zoo li hloov trajectory thiab yog li ya yav tag los.

Thaum Christmas lom, txhiab ntawm pe hawm sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub arches ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tuaj ntawm no los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Sculptures, hauv

Lo lus tsis tau piav qhia txog lub magnificence ntawm lub tuam tsev. Cathedral, slender ntauwd khaub ncaws ntau tho lub ntuj, muaj blissful suab. Sifted mos zaj sawv dawb lias tsuas iav teeb ntiab iridescent reflections rau sredokrestiem nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub chav tsev. Lub abundance ntawm sculptures ntawm biblical ntxhais underlines lub elegance ntawm lub façade kab. Lawv tag nrho cov yog hais txog 4500. Txawm li cas los Amiens Cathedral nyob rau hauv Fabkis, daim ntawv thov ntawm sculptural kho kom zoo nkauj yog tsis li nplua nuj li Reims. Nws yog tseem ua tsis tau zoo mus rau yav tas nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm zoo. Txawm li cas los, Amiens cathedral portals muaj ob peb zoo heev saum, nyob rau hauv kev kho mob thiab proportions uas evinces realism thiab puas siab puas ntsws qhia.

Lub exceptional finesse thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov duab puab "Golden Madonna". Nws yog ib tug tiag tiag pob zeb diamond nyob rau hauv lub diadem. Nyob rau hauv lub rays ntawm lub hnub, qhov no duab puab radiates ib thaj yeeb ci ntsa iab. Master nyob rau hauv no creation tau ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv hais txog cov kev zoo nkauj, innocence thiab sab ntsuj plig kev coj dawb huv. Madonna nyob tshaj cov nuj nqis ntawm cov Thwj Tim. Tag nrho cov nuj nqis muab ib tug natural hwj tau lub cev. Lawv tag nrho cov tham mus rau txhua lwm yam (cov thwj tim - paired pawg Maria - Tus me nyuam), muaj tiag ciaj sia.

Tus naj npawb ntawm Tswv Yexus, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub nruab nrab portal, txawv los ntawm nws cov txig proportioned thiab majestic simplicity. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg, nws yog tej zaum hu ua "ib tug zoo meej Vajtswv ntawm Amiens."

Hauv pem teb portals tsam adorns ntau medallions, uas yog reliefs nrog rau lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo, tej yam tshwm sim ntawm lub zodiac, thiab li ntawd.

Keeb kwm ntawm Gothic style

Gothic style sawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua 12th nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm nws tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no yog cov cathedrals ntawm Reims, Amiens thiab Chartres. Fabkis tseem ib tug zoo kawg tooj ntawm monuments teej tug mus rau lub Gothic style, los ntawm cov loj loj cathedrals rau chapels. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, ib lub sij hawm ntawm "flamboyant Gothic", tsuas yog ib co piv txwv ntawm cov uas tau dim. Qhov no, piv txwv li, Paris Ntauwd Saint-Jacques thiab Rouen Cathedral (ib tug ntawm nws portals).

Nta ntawm lub Gothic Cathedral ntawm Amiens

Los ntawm fragmentation thiab kev rho tawm qhov chaw Romanesque vaj tse sib sau ua ke sib txawv spatial ntsiab thiab txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txhais, raws li sau tseg nyob rau hauv lub Paris Cathedral, lub Gothic tau ua txoj kev ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo pua. Txawm li cas los, nws yog nyob rau hauv Amiens Cathedral, nws tuaj rau qhov kev siv ntawm qhov chaw, classical rau nws. Nws tso nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qhov ntev ntawm ib tug kev constraint, thaum tswj clarity ntawm tectonic thiab constructive txhais ntawm cov kab, tagnrho thiab masses lwm tus nws. Cov kev xav ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej, uas tsim ib tug qhov chaw ntawm expressivity nyob rau hauv lub Cathedral ntawm kev coj tus kheej hais, diffuse lub teeb, muab cov peb-dimensional zoo softness - tag nrho cov no tsim ib tug tiav lawm muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm xws vaj tse raws li Amiens Cathedral. Zoo nkauj nta ntawm no lub tuam tsev cia peb hu mus rau nws ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau zoo kawg li lug nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Qhov no cathedral yog muab piv tej zaum nrog lub ancient Greek Parthenon. Cov co thiab richly decorated facades yeej txo nws hwj nws rau ib tug par nrog tus loj tshaj tsim yaam tshab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no architecture.