Antinormanskaya kev tshawb xav

Thaum nws los txog rau antinormanskoy kev tshawb xav, ces, ntawm chav kawm, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis hais qhov Norman, los ntawm uas, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, pushes thawj. Ob leeg xav hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm nws lossi ua tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm kev nom kev tswv speculations. Xijpeem, nrog rau qhov no qhov teeb meem yeej muaj kev nyuaj siab heev heev cov neeg sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam sciences, xws li keeb kwm, lug, archeology, geography thiab thiaj li nyob.

Thaum pib ntawm lub Norman kev tshawb xav tau muab tso rau hauv 30-60 xyoo ntawm XVIII xyoo pua, zaum los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees GF Miller thiab IG Bayer, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Academy ntawm Sciences nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Lawv tau luam tawm ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, ib co kev uas yog nplooj siab mus rau lub Norman kev tshawb xav, thiab lawv tau muaj pov thawj rau cov thawj lub sij hawm sib cav hais tias lub qub Lavxias teb sab xeev tsim lub Vikings. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab AL Schlötzer, German historian uas tau kawm cov ancient Lavxias teb sab chaw thiab, nyob rau hauv particular, Nestor lub Chronicler. Tej zaum Schlötzer tus tshaj plaws ardent kiv cua ntawm Norman kev tshawb xav.

Tab sis lub zoo-paub paub txog MV Lomonosov, uas tau sau cov keeb kwm ntawm Russia sawv cev ntawm lub Empress Elizabeth kuv, nrog rau lwm tseem ceeb historian VT atischevym xav contested no saib. Antinormanskaya kev tshawb xav yog raws li nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Lawv siv ib tug ntau ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw thiab lub archaeological site, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau mus rau qhov tseeb. Antinormanskaya kev tshawb xav kuj yog lub ntsiab ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm S. Gedeonov uas sau "Vikings thiab Rus '. Conservative historians Ilovajskij D. thiab M. Moroshkin kuj soj ntsuam no lub npe thiab ua nws nws feem ntawm undeniable tseeb. Yog li, muaj ob cov lus qhia: Norman thiab antinormanskoe (Slavic) uas tso siab rau ob cov ntaub ntawv, ntsig txog, thiab Lavrentian Hypation.

Normanists ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm lub Norman pab pawg neeg pib mus rau tus thawj lub sab hnub tuaj Slavs, capturing lawv raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov raids ib thaj yeeb yam, thiab yog ntseeg hais tias lo lus "Russia" muaj Norman paus. Nyob rau hauv lem antinormanskaya kev tshawb xav sib cav yog nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus fact tias lub sij hawm twb xub coined nyob rau hauv nws ntev ua ntej ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm dhau los. Lawv cov kev ntseeg yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo", uas qhia tau hais tias qhov tsis tooj mus rau qhov tseeb ntawm lub Norman kev tshawb xav. Muaj yog ib cov ntaubntawv povthawj ua nyob rau hauv 1852, uas qhia rau peb hais tias thaum nyob rau hauv Byzantium reigned Mikhail, lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws twb tau nws lub npe. Hypation thiab Laurentian keeb kwm hais tias tag nrho cov sab qaum teb Slavic pab pawg neeg raug caw tuaj koom lub Normans kav, thiab Russia yog tsis muaj exception. Tab sis soj ntsuam DS Likhachev thiab Tikhomirov tsis kam lees no nkag li cov thawj thiab muaj xws li nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub annals rau ib tug tom qab lub sij hawm. Lawv piav txog qhov no nom tswv yog vim li cas mol yuav txheem txhua lwm yam thiab Byzantine Kiev Rus. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, tus neeg sau ntawm lub chronicle ntawm txawv teb chaws keeb kwm muaj tus princes ntawm lub dynasty.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus Normans yog tsis ib txwm kiag li txaus txhais keeb kwm tseeb, tab sis kuj antinormanskaya kev tshawb xav kuj muaj nws heev hnov kom raug. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau tsis ntseeg hais tias cov Normans tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv Russia thiab twb active, tau ncaim lawv tus cim rau keeb kwm. Ib txhia ua tsis kam lub hav zoov ntawm Rurik. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav tsum ua tau, tab sis yeej tsis zoo li, vim hais tias nws captures ib tug zoo pedigree nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias cov dynasty ntawm princes thiab tom qab ntawd vajntxwv, derived ntawm Igor, muaj lub xeem "Rurik" txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub XVI caug xyoo.

Rau ntau tshaj ob centuries thiab antinormanskaya Norman kev tshawb xav ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab xeev ua kev tsis sib haum ntawm lawv cov followers. Tab sis leej twg yog txoj cai, tsis muaj ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg thov tau. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm lawv lub neej historians tswv yim cov dos nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm ib tug, ces lwm tus sab.