American ntawv xov xwm. American cov ntawv xov xwm "Lub sij hawm". American ntawv xov xwm thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine

Cov American lub teb chaws - ib tug tus hluas. Nws twb tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig xyoo pua, thiab ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no yog ua si los ntawm cov xovxwm. Pricing txoj cai periodical txhob txwm tshaj tawm understated, uas ua rau American ntawv xov xwm tau muaj nqis tas nrho penny los yog ob tug. Yog li, cov xovxwm tau ceased mus yuav cov cuab yeej ntawm lub qaum kawm ntawv ntawm lub neej, thiab ua rau nws cov pej xeem. Tshooj skillfully siv. Lawv tsis tsuas yog nqa ntaub ntawv tshiab, tab sis kuj tsim tau ib qho kev taw tes ntawm view, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, manipulating cov pej xeem nco qab. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub tebchaws United States, cov xovxwm tau ua tus thawj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua "plaub hwj huam".

zaj dabneeg

Ib txhia American ntawv xov xwm tej zaum cov feem ntau senior US statehood. Piv txwv li, "New Hampshire Gazette" twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1756, "Hartford Courant" - nyob rau hauv 1764, thiab "Augusta Chronicle" - nyob rau hauv 1785. Cov laus-timers muaj yog cov feem ntau nrov ntawv. Piv txwv li, "New York Post" - ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj ntawv xov xwm, uas nws kev yog hais txog rau puas nees nkaum-tsib txhiab luam, twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1801. Muaj ntau pab mus rau popularization ntawm periodicals nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws keej pricing. Nyob rau hauv 1850, tag nrho cov kev ntawm tag nrho cov dailies yog ob thiab ib tug ib nrab lab luam, thiab cov weeklies - plaub lub sij hawm ntau li ntau -. Kaum lab Yeej muaj tseeb, thaum lub sij hawm kev txawj ntawm journalism tsim feem ntau nyob rau hauv New York, hos lwm yam ntawv xov xwm tau tas rau ib tug yooj yim reprint khoom, supplemented xov xwm hauv zos. Ntawm monsters ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov puas tawm xyoo dhau, nws yog tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mention "Herald": cov ntawv xov xwm nyob rau hauv 1860, zoo ua ntej nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ntawm tus naas ej London "Times"! Thiab hais tias States muaj lub Honor ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm tej yam raws li cov "daj nias" thiab journalistic kev tshawb nrhiav.

Hloov siab los ntseeg plaub hwj chim

Vim reprint nyob rau hauv lub zos xov xwm, qhov nrov American ntawv xov xwm New York muaj ntau ntau kev txawj nyeem ntawv tshaj yog lawv kev. Nce thiab lub cheeb tsam ntawm muab faib rau lawv luam cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, ib tug version ntawm lub "New York Tribune" thov hais tias lawv nyeem txog ib tug lab cov neeg, txawm hais tias tus sau mus dhia yog ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li peb puas txhiab luam. Nyob rau hauv tseeb ntawm "Herald", ib co ntawv xov xwm muaj cov nyiaj khwv tau siab tshaj lub xeev pob nyiaj siv. Thiab vim hais tias lawv cov neeg kho tsis muaj rau manipulation los ntawm cov politicians. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam lawv. Ntawv qhia yuav ua rau yeej nyob rau hauv qhov kev xaiv tsa rau ib qho tog los yog tig tej pej xeem daim duab nyob rau hauv ib tug nom tswv neeg tuag. "Herald" npe hu xov xwm transformation txheej txheem nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov ceg ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws (lub plaub, tom qab PatientsÕ, thawj thiab kev hais plaub ntug) kev txawj ntse kawm.

Tshiab journalism: daj xovxwm

Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem yuav muaj arisen xwb nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States thiab tsis pom qhov twg lwm tus. "Lub American npau suav", raws li uas ib tug yooj yim shoemaker yuav los ua ib tug millionaire, muaj sim hawm caij nyoog txaus siab ntawm cov poj mass ntawm cov pejxeem mus rau lub tus kheej lub neej ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb. Cov khoom tsis txhob cia li nqa ntaub ntawv, txawm hais tias ib tug ua hauj lwm, lawv tau tswj awakening muaj zog tus cwj pwm txawv (tab sis yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, vim li cas yog tsis nqi nws). Keeb xeeb, qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem hu ua «tib neeg kev txaus siab dab neeg» (ie, cov dab neeg uas qhia txog cov tibneeg thiab lawv tej kev qaug). Cov tsab xov xwm npog txhaum xov xwm, scandals nyob rau hauv high zej zog, thiab pw ua ke. Cov neeg phais nias ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem los ua George. Pulitzer, taws lub sij hawm ntawd (lub eighties ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo), "New York NTIAJ TEB," thiab William Hurst ntawm "New York Journal". Platform rau muaj teeb meem cov khoom muaj xws li American cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov kua loj li Lub New York Tribune, «Herald" thiab "Lub New York hnub" (Sunday ntxiv mus rau lub "Times").

investigative journalism

Nuj nqis ntawm lub scandal, ua tib zoo zais ntawm cov pej xeem foundations ntawm cov reporters hu ua "muckrakers". Sau xov xwm uas nqa tawm ib qho kev tshawb xyuas ywj siab, muaj, zoo li lub paparazzi rau lub tabloids, txeem qab lub laj kab ntawm private villas thiab xa mus rau cov kev ua ub no neeg soj xyuas khoom. Tab sis yus tshaj plaws yog nws muaj nqis: cov pej xeem them rau cov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev tshawb nrhiav hlawv txaus siab, thiab, yog li ntawd, cov nyiaj. Txawm li cas los, xws li ib tug xav thov ua tsaug reporters thiab historians. Raws li ib feem ntawm investigative journalism "clambered tawm" WaterGate yi. Qhov no coj imperishable laurels reporter Carl Benstaynu. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, nws coj li lub baton ntawm Maykl Mur, uas ua rau nws tus kheej kev tshawb nrhiav thiab muab kinoreportazh "Fahrenheit 9/11." Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem tshiab journalism muaj pov thawj rau Bob Vudvort thiab Tomas Vulf. American ntawv xov xwm, uas luam tawm qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm tej kev tshawb nrhiav, positioned nws tus kheej raws li ib tug ntawv, tsim los rau advanced (thaum hais tias "elitist") nyeem ntawv, "Tus Tshiab Yorker", "Esquire", "Ze Atlantic Hli" thiab cov zoo li.

Censorship nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov nom tswv scandals tsis tas yuav lub powers. Thiab nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, tuam txhab uas muag, corporations, ob tog thiab ib tug neeg politicians sim tabkaum ua hauj lwm ntawm neeg sau xov xwm. American ntawv xov xwm thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine tau txais kev plaub kev ntug rau nqi ntawm defamation los yog politically lawm. Tab sis lub ntsiab yeeb ncuab ntawm cov xovxwm - yog lub Pentagon. Paub lub koom haum "Reporters tsis muaj ciam teb" nyob rau hauv ob txhiab xyoo peb liam kws muaj txuj ci Ministry hais tias nws chinilo barrier neeg sau xov xwm yuav tsum vov cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Iraq. Ib tug qub neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm "CNN En" Christina Borzhesson hais tias lub Pentagon yog ua kom tswj tau tag nrho cov lus qhia hais txog cov tub rog. Cuaj kaum, cov theem ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm neeg sau xov xwm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States yog ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Russia.

Cov American xovxwm thiab lub ntiaj teb no economic ntsoog

Tab sis tag nrho yog tsis zoo. Lub fact tias kuv yuav tsis ua censorship tau ua lub ntiaj teb no ntsoog. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ntau lub koom haum pib los tsim xov xwm nyob rau hauv ib tug virtual hom ntawv, tab sis hauv lub xeev ntawm periodic kev lag luam yog tam sim no tsis nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo. Thaum pib ntawm 2008, muaj txog kaum tsib puas hnub ntawv xov xwm thiab ntau tshaj rau txhiab txhua lub limtiam. Nws yog tsuas tshaj tom ntej kaum ob lub hlis tau raug nteg tawm 16 txhiab neeg sau xov xwm, kaw 388 cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab ntawv xov xwm 120. Rocky Roob News, uas yog luam tawm tsis tu ncua rau ib puas thiab tsib caug xyoo, tau ceased mus nyob ua ib ke. Tshaj tawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv bankruptcy yog tswv lub sij hawm xov xwm lub tuam txhab Tribune tuam txhab. Ib tug tshwj xeeb American ntawv xov xwm nyob rau hauv lus Askiv «Cov Christian Science saib» nres publishing rau ntawm daim ntawv thiab muab rau hauv ib tug nyob hauv internet pab. Nws yog tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv tej yam cov publishers nyuaj kom muaj editorial kev ywj pheej.

American ntawv xov xwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab

Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, lub tsev mus rau ntau yam nationalities, li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws haiv neeg xovxwm no tsis yog lub xeem. Neeg txawv teb chaws los ntawm lub qub Soviet Union muaj lub sij hawm los kawm qhov tseeb xov xwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis hmoov. Feem ntau ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab-lus tshooj tsuas tuaj tawm ib zaug ib lub hlis los yog ib lub lim tiam. "Lavxias teb sab lub tsev" (nyob rau hauv Atlanta), New York "New World" thiab «Lub Dallas ntaus xov tooj» ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub Soviet diaspora yog. Tu siab, lub American ntawv xov xwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsis muaj nyob rau hauv sab saum toj kaum nrov tshaj plaws ntawv. Qhov no yog vim lub tsis muaj kev sau xov xwm thiab cov neeg kho. Tab sis lub Lavxias teb sab-hais lus diaspora txoj kev loj hlob muab kev cia siab hais tias qhov teeb meem no yuav hloov mus rau qhov zoo.

Cov feem nrov US ntawv

Judging los ntawm cov muaj koob meej ntawm kev volume, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yog lub teb chaws USA Niaj hnub no ( «Teb chaws USA no»). Ntawm cov ua lag ua luam thawj coj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov phab ntsa Street Journal (nws yog li ntawd hu ua nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus New York txoj kev Walt Street, qhov twg lub flurry ntawm brokerage thiab ntsuam xyuas nyiaj). Lwm yam tseem ceeb American ntawv xov xwm yog raws mas li nyob rau hauv lub zos loj, lub xeev capitals. Qhov no yog qhov "Los Angeles Times", "Lub Chicago Tribune", "Washington Post", "Denver Post", "Dallas Sawv ntxov Xov xwm", "Houston Chronicle," "Philadelphia Inkvayer". Vim kev lig kev cai ntawm lub uncrowned capital ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm kev lag luam tseem New York. Muaj tuaj no "diehards" nrog lossis loj circulations, zoo li New York Txhua hnub Xov xwm thiab New York Post.

American cov ntawv xov xwm "New York Times"

Ib tug ntawm cov hiob British ntawv xov xwm yog lub sij hawm ( «lub sij hawm»). Nws mus tsis tau cuam tshuam vim 1785. Leej twg yog phau ntawv no belongs rau Rupert Murdoch lub xov xwm tuav News Corporation. Nyob rau hnub Sunday, daim ntawv thov mus "Saib Lub Sunday Times". Yuav kom ingratiate nws tus kheej nrov txoj cai nyob hauv, muaj ntau yam ntawv xov xwm tau qiv no sonorous lub npe. Cov American ntawv xov xwm Lub sij hawm twb nrhiav tau Cuaj hlis 18, 1851. Los ntawm cov hnub nws tawm tsis cuam tshuam. Nws yog tsim los raws li ib tug regional teeb meem, tab sis vim hais tias cov nom title nws suab Lub New York Times (New York Times). Nyob rau hauv qhov qeb duas ntawm muaj koob meej ntawm lub American Xovxwm ntawv xov xwm nws occupies peb qhov chaw (tom qab Teb chaws USA no thiab Cov phab ntsa Street Journal). Nws sau xov xwm puas thiab kaum ob lub sij hawm muab lub Pulitzer yam khoom muaj nqis, thiab los txog rau peb caug lab txhua hli cov txawj nyeem ntawv rau ntawm nws lub website. Nrog lub advent ntawm lub Internet version ntawm cov lus hais tias ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hloov. Yav tas los, nws tsis nyuaj li, "Peb muaj tag nrho cov xov xwm uas tsuas koj tau sau." Tam sim no lub motto yog ib tug me ntsis txawv. Nws suab: "Peb muaj tag nrho cov xov xwm, uas koj muaj peev xwm cia li nias". Nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv tias nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm "lub sij hawm" nyob rau hauv America los txhua lub limtiam xov xwm magazine. Nws lub tsev hauv paus yog tseem nyob rau hauv New York. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1923 thiab txij thaum ntawd tau yeej thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov qeb duas ntawm muaj koob meej ntawm lub American cov phau ntawv Magazine. Nws ncig nyob rau hauv 2007 yog peb thiab ib nrab lab luam.