4 Ivan kho kom zoo

Ivan Grozny yog ib tug txawv tshaj plaw kav Russia. Ob peb eliminates lub tswv yim ntawm nws, raws li ib tug huab tais, tyrant. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws tus cwj pwm tau pw nyob rau hauv thaum yau: Ivan poob nws leej txiv thiab leej niam, thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm tus boyars, uas tau sib ntaus sib tua rau lub hwj chim. 4 Ivan pauv tau ua ib feem ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws thiab cim pib ntawm ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm.

Thaum tus huab tais lub xeev-khiav thaum yau, nws niam, nws tus poj niam Basil 3 - Elena Glinskaya. Tom qab nws tuag, tus tub hluas huab tais yog nyob rau hauv cov auspices ntawm lub boyars, uas nrhiav los yeej tshaj Ivan thiab txeeb hwj chim. Thaum 17 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog, Ivan yuav 4: marries Anastasia Romanova. Ces Ivan yuav siv sij hawm muaj koob muaj npe title nyob rau hauv lub Assumption Cathedral, nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Kremlin.

Kho ntawm Ivan 4 yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob lub sij hawm, namely:

1. kho xaiv zoo siab.

2. Oprichnina.

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1540s nyob ib ncig ntawm cov tub ntxhais huab tais tsim nws lub vajvoog ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab cov xib hwb, uas pib yuav tsum tau hu ua lub Xaiv Rada. Nws muaj: A.Adashev, A.Kurbsky, Sylvester thiab Macarius. Nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm ntawm kho kom zoo Ivan 4 luv luv txog lawv yuav tau sau ntawv hauv qab no, yog zoo ib yam thiab teem rau strengthening lub hauv paus tseem fwv thiab lub teb chaws tus tub rog lub hwj chim. Raug xaiv Rada twb muaj:

• Reform ntawm pej xeem koom haum saib xyuas (kev tsim kev txiav txim - tshiab central tsoom fwv);
• kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug tshiab Sudebnik Ivan 4 (1550);
• Lub tsev teev ntuj kho kom zoo (hu lub tsev teev ntuj councils);
• cov tub rog kho kom zoo Ivan 4 (lub creation ntawm tshiab tas mus li troops hu ua "ib tug muaj koob muaj npe", cov kev taw qhia ntawm Code ntawm Service);
• se kho kom zoo (ua tswvcuab niaj hnub rau tag nrho lub teb chaws ua se system - tsaws);
• kho kom zoo ntawm lub zos nws tus kheej-tsoom fwv (lub creation ntawm advisory lub cev yuav kam nrog rau tej ceev teeb meem, ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud cov cai - Zemsky Sobor, abolition ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab tswj - noj).

Xws li ib tug zoo kawg thaum pib ntawm lub reign twb tawg nyob rau hauv 1553, thaum peb pib qhov txawv ntawm cov huab tais thiab nws coterie. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim - lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Xaiv zoo siab. Tom qab 10 xyoo nyob rau sab ntawm lub Tug khiav zoo phooj ywg Ivana Groznogo - Andrei Kurbsky. Qhov no ua kiag li ntxeev tag nrho cov kev cia siab ntawm tus huab tais, thiab nws yuav tshaj tawm pib ntawm lub oprichnina. Oprichnina - ib tug xav tias tsam lawv ntawm lub sij hawm Ivana Groznogo, uas nws tshaj tawm nyob rau ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj koob muaj npe qub txeeg qub teg (cov av).

Oprichnina undergone Suzdal, Mozhaisk thiab Vyazma thiab lwm yam nyob ze lub zos. Ivan 4 kho tau ceased rau koj khiav lag luam, tsis muaj ntau reformist sim tau lawm los.

Oprichnina txuas ntxiv mus terrorise lub inhabitants ntawm lub xeem 7 xyoo, tom qab uas nws tau tso tseg. 4 Ivan kom tus tua ntawm tag nrho cov neeg uas tau koom tes nyob rau hauv nws ntshai.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cov ntshav phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau Novgorod twb tau lub sij hawm no.

Kho ntawm Ivan 4 nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm ntawm nws txoj cai pab mus rau strengthening ntawm lub hauv paus tseem fwv thiab lub hwj chim ntawm tus huab tais, lawv tau ntxiv dag zog rau cov tub rog hwj chim ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws, lawv "muab" Lavxias teb sab kev set ntawm cov cai thiab cov thawj txoj cai - lub Zemsky Sobor.

Yog li, tag nrho cov kev hloov Ivan 4 contributed rau cov creation ntawm qub txeeg qub tes-tus neeg sawv cev monarchy.