Ivan lub Terrible. Thaum yau thiab tus hluas nkauj ntawm tus kav teb kav chaw ntawm Russia

Ivan Grozny, nyob rau hauv ib tes, ib tug reformer, koj thiab feemxyuam thawj coj ntawm lub Moscow tsoom fwv, nyob rau lwm yam tes - ntshav tyrant, ib tug tiag tiag killer, las nws kawm monstrous tsuj. Li cas los tsim kom muaj tus cwj pwm ntawm ib tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rulers, uas muaj feem xyuam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, coj qhov chaw? Tej zaum, yog vim li cas rau suspicion, self-will, vindictiveness thiab unjustified kev phem ntawm Ivan IV dag nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tau tshwm sim rau nws nyob rau hauv thaum yau thiab cov hluas. Dab tsi yog tus me nyuam ntawm tus kav?

Raws li Legend, nyob rau lub Yim Hli 25, 1530, thaum lub sij hawm thaum Ivan lub Terrible - thawj-yug ntawm Grand Duke Vasily III thiab nws ob tus poj niam Elena Glinskaya - tshwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub nceeg vaj, ib tug cua daj cua dub tsoo tawm nyob rau hauv uas contemporaries pom ib tug phem npog. Tus me nyuam muaj npe tom qab Ivan precursor ntawm Yexus Khetos - Ioanna Krestitelya. Ivan kuj coj tus yawm txiv ntawm tus me tub huabtais. Nws tus txiv, Tub huabtais Vasily, tau nyob ntawm peb xyoos tom qab yug me nyuam ntawm tus txais txiaj ntsig.

Lub tsev hais plaub chronicles hais tias Vasily III, foom koob hmoov rau kev tuag, foom koob hmoov rau cov xeeb ntxwv rau tsoomfwv, thiab nws tus poj niam, uas nws xav tias ua siab loj thiab txawj ntse, txim Ivan mus txog thaum nws adulthood, kom lub xeev "nyob rau hauv nws tus tub." Muaj ib qho ntxiv, taw qhia tias tus tub huabtais Vasily tsis hloov kev tswj hwm rau tus ntxhais huabtais, tab sis rau cov me nyuam tub. Qhov no version zoo li ntau dua li, vim nws tsis muaj cai mus ua txhaum cai kev cai qub thiab cov kev cai qub thaum ub uas tsis pub cov poj niam koom nrog hauv tsoom fwv. Ntawm lub txaj ntawm tus neeg mob, lub rooj tsavxwm tau raug muab cob rau cov tub kawm - tus "xya" tuav haujlwm, uas yog tus thawj coj los ntawm Andran Staritsky. Tsis ntev tom qab hnub twg tus Grand Duke tshuav nws lub neej, cov dag zog ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv, peb lub xyoo Ivan yog crowned. Nws pib nominal reign Ivana Groznogo.

Qhia me ntsis txog kaum peb lub xyoo uas dhau los ntawm lub coronation thiab lub tshoob ntawm lub nceeg vaj, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev. Ivan yog ib tug menyuam tub 8 xyoo thaum nws niam Elena Glinskaya tuag. Kev xav ntawm kev ntsuag thiab kev kho siab tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws tus cwj pwm ntawm tas li ntsia ib ncig thiab mloog.

Ivan lub Terrible, surrounded thaum lub ceremonies nrog ib regal khoom kim heev thiab servility humility, nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub lub neej muaj kev poob ntsej muag txhua yam, indifference thiab disregard ntawm lub boyars thiab princes. Cov me nyuam muaj kev ntxhov siab raug tsim txom los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua kev ua phem rau lub hwj chim ntawm cov pawg neeg yau, nrog rau txoj kev tuag, kev sib ceg thiab kev ua phem.

Lub thaum yau ntawm Ivan lub Terrible ua rau lub meantime, thaum unattractive nta ntawm nws tus cwj pwm raug tsim: zais, suspiciousness, pretense, duplicity thiab kev phem. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoo, tus tub ntxhais hluas tau tsim txom thiab ua rau cov tsiaj tuag, tos lawv los ntawm theem siab, thaum 13 tau xaj kom tua ib tug me nyuam tub. Raws li ib tug kawm, los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm 15, yav tom ntej huab tais muaj kev lom zem tshiab - mus faus nrog cov tub hluas ntawm horseback los ntawm txoj kev thiab kev lag luam, los yeej thiab nyiag neeg ordinary.

Tsar ntawm tag nrho cov Russia, Ivan lub Terrible ua rau lub ib hlis ntuj 1547, thaum lub Assumption Cathedral tuav ib tug kab tshoob rau lub nceeg vaj - ib lub ceremony ceremony, borrowed ntawm Byzantium. Lub neej yav tom ntej sovereign nyob rau ntawm lub tshoob hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv muaj koob muaj npe khaub ncaws thiab pw rau nws ib tug crown. Yog li xaus lawm tas thaum yau thiab thaum tiav hluas ntawm cov thawj huab tais ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman.