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Cov reign ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign Ivana Groznogo, yog thawj Grand Duke, pleev tshuaj rau teb nyob rau hauv 1547, nws pib nyob rau hauv 1533. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los koj yuav nrhiav tau tus tsis zoo cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm nws reign. Keeb kwm, txawm li cas los, cov ntsiab lus rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm Lavxias teb sab tau nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub reign ntawm John Vasilyevich 4.

Es tsis txhob peb orphaned tub huabtais Ivan tuaj mus rau lub rooj huas tias los ntawm nws niam - Elena Glinskaya. Txawm li cas los, tsib xyoo tom qab ntawd, nws tuag lawm. Me John loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug iab tawm tsam rau cov kev cai ntawm lub boyars, ces ib tug, ces lwm leej lwm tus tuaj rau lub hwj chim. Kuv hloov thiab lub taub hau ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj. Tag nrho cov no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub cim ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej huab tais. Thaum kaum, King nce lub zwm txwv.

Thaum lub reign ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv thawj lub sij hawm twb zoo heev los ntawm tus dawb huv Tsam Macarius. "Code of Law" muab nyob rau hauv no era ntawm lub Zemsky Sobor. Muaj txoj cai los mus tiv thaiv nws tus kheej kev ncaj ncees kho kom zoo tau txais vaj txiaj ntsim txhua tus thiab lub txim tuag twb thov tsuas yog tom qab rooj plaub tau saib sovereign. Tsis tas li ntawd, mas yuav kis tau zoo tseem ceeb mus rau lub tsoom fwv hauv zos, tus thawj zaug system twb tsim lub tsev teev ntuj kev kawm ntawv. Cov reign ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, thiab cim pib ntawm printing.

Tus huab tais nres tus qhev Khanate txhawj xeeb ces Russia (Astrakhan thiab Kazan), tso pua pua txhiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg los ntawm kev poob cev qhev. Yeej twb yeej nyob rau hauv 1560 tshaj tus Livonian Order. Zog ntawm Guj kuj regained cov laus lub zos Kolyvan, Yuryev thiab lwm tus neeg. Tu siab, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob lub sij hawm ntawm lub reign ntawm John Vasilyevich lawv dua poob raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm yeej nyob rau hauv kev tsov rog. Thaum huab tais twb pib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Siberia - nyob rau hauv 1581 nws tau pom zoo nce Ermak.

tus poj niam Anastasia tuag (nws taug nyob rau hauv 1560), Metropolitan Macarius, tshiab npaj siab boyars tawm tsam tsoom fwv hloov tus cwj pwm ntawm tus huab tais. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub reign ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai yog yus muaj los ntawm historians li ua siab phem, hnyav, menacing. Tus huab tais pib mus tshem tawm suspects thiab tsis sib haum xeeb rau nws.

Nyob rau hauv 1564, nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis, Ivana Groznogo tau ntxeev siab rau nws nyob ze pab pawg phooj ywg, tus tswv xeev ntawm huab tais nyob rau hauv Dorpat Andrei Kurbsky. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias ib tug loj heev ib feem ntawm lub boyars sympathized Kurbsky. Qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yuam kom khiav tawm Moscow Ivana Groznogo nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 1564, thiab nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj xyoo tom ntej mus tshaj tawm nws qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob ntawm lub zwm txwv.

Txawm li cas los pheej faav xeeb Boyars hwj chim Muscovites nug hais tias tus huab tais rov qab los. Lub ob hlis ntuj 2, rov qab mus rau lub zwm txwv, John V. 4, proceeded pom zoo "oprichnina." Qhov no tshwj xeeb pab tub rog muaj ib lub tswj thiab lub teb chaws yog mus yuav tus cartel cai tiv thaiv cov traitors. Tus so ntawm lub xeev rau lub "zemshchina". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias oprichnina yog tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom puas cov nom tswv cajceg, tab sis zoo heev tsis muaj zog txaus nws.

Ivana Groznogo reign twb cim los ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb expansion ntawm lub teb chaws lub chaw uas zoo heev. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm John Vasilyevich Russia acceded rau lub Siberian, Astrakhan, Kazan nceeg vaj sab qaum teb Caucasus thiab Nagayya. Zog ntawm Guj kuj pib tshaj qhov ntev ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws Europe.

Lub txim ntawm lub reign Ivana Groznogo, ntawm chav kawm, yog ob leeg zoo thiab tsis zoo. Tsis zoo tshwm sim xws li ntawd kub ntev li lub oppression thiab ua nruj ua tsiv ntawm lub hauv paus los yog hauv zos koom haum saib xyuas thiab sab ntsuj plig hwj chim, raws li zoo raws li qhov qaug dab peg ntawm thaj av lords. Tag nrho cov no provoked qhov clashes thiab contradictions. Cov neeg nyob hauv zos uprisings, cov neeg tsis kam mus ua hauj lwm.

Cov reign ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai yog ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv Yauhas 4 Vasileviche 300 tshiab zos tau ua, 155 castles, lub teb chaws tus pej xeem tau zus mus 4.5 lab. Cov neeg (2.5 mln. Cov neeg). Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub reign Ivana Groznogo yog kuj yog ib tug los mus ua tau ib lub thawj fleet nyob rau hauv Russia.

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