Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua qauv ntawm cov khoom

Hnov xws lus raws li "modeling", "qauv", ib tug txiv neej zoo xav txog cov dluab ntawm nws thaum yau: cov qauv ntawm cov tsev, me me lub tsheb, dav hlau, Globe. Nws yog los ntawm cov yooj yim zog cov kev xaiv muaj kev cuam tshuam lub zog thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qhabnias khoom thiab tej khoom. Nrhiav rau ntawm piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua qauv yog yooj yim npaum li to taub txog cov xwm thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm tus thawj.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov simulation

Piv txwv ntawm cov duab ntaub ntawv ua qauv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub muaj feem ntau. Nrog lawv pab nws yog ua tau rau pom lub complexity ntawm real-lub ntiaj teb no muaj dab. Lawv yog ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm tiag tiag khoom, tab sis tsuas muaj cov nta uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam teeb meem no. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua qauv qhia hais tias nws ua rau tsis muaj kev nkag siab rau pab lawv kiag li tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug tiag tiag kwv. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj rau cov nyom cov qauv, nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau siv.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim ib tug qauv ntawm qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv uas nws yuav tsum tau siv. Raws li cov kev yam ntxwv, Tsim ib tug me me daim ntawv luam ntawm qhov tiag kwv mus pub tej yam tsis. Nyob rau hauv hnub no lub modeling sim los lo rau ib tug ntshiab ib theem zuj zus. Nws muaj xws li cov creation ntawm tus kwv, lub hom phiaj qhov chaw kawm los ua ib tug me me daim ntawv, lub ntsiab txhais ntawm nws yooj yim yam ntxwv.

system tsom xam

Yog hais tias peb tsom xam cov piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua qauv, koj yuav tsum nres ntawm cov lus, duab, zauv, tabular xaiv. Wb sim kom paub tias cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis hais tias yog yuav tsum tau rau cov simulation, raws li zoo raws li mus nrhiav ib tug kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Cov txheej txheem hais txog qhov kev npaj ntawm cov sau ua ib pawg thaj chaw ntawm lub tiag tiag kwv mus tsim nws txo daim ntawv, hu ua tus tsom xam system.

kev nthuav qhia kev xaiv

Piv txwv ntawm ntau hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua qauv paub meej tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nrhiav txoj kev pom hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Nws yog txuam nrog rau cov tsim ntawm ib tug tej yam duab ntawm lub tiag tiag kwv. Ntawm cov ntsiab uas siv rau hauv peb tes num, cov ua haujlwm yuav mus rau clarity. Nws muab ib tug graphical qauv ntaub ntawv. Rau nws tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Piv txwv ntawm cov duab ntaub ntawv ua qauv ua haum yooj yim. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua ib tug tej yam thaj tsam ntawm lub daim ntawv qhia hauv cheeb tsam, hluav taws xob circuits, ib tug ntau yam ntawm drawings, graphics. Nws yuav suav hais tias ib qho kev nthuav qhov tseeb hais tias tus tib magnitude nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, piv txwv li, lub nruab nrab kub ntawm huab cua yuav tsum sawv cev nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub rooj, cov tswj system ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Piv txwv li lub tsev ntaub ntawv qauv ntawm lub tib lub cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv, thiab nyob rau hauv theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv.

Daim ntawv thov modeling

Thaum tsim lub tsab ntawm ib tug tiag tiag kwv, nws tsis muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau mus tshawb cov thawj, twv seb tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kwv raug kawm, nyob ntawm seb tus mob mus nqa tawm qhov tsim nyog suav. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yam khoom ua qauv qhia tau tias nws yog feem ntau ntau yooj yim rau siv mixed version. Qhov twg koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug zoo li symbiosis? Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua qauv ntawm mixed hom ntau nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv kev lag luam. Lawv cia koj txiav txim siab los ntawm yam ua ntej zauv pom load rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev kom tiv thaiv "drawdown" ntawm lub hauv paus.

Notable piv txwv ntawm cov duab ntaub ntawv ua qauv ntawm mixed hom - ib tug ntau yam ntawm maps. Lawv supplemented los ntawm lub rooj, explanatory inscriptions, topographical cim tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub geography feem ntau siv charts, graphs, kos duab. Tsis ntev los no txhua raug muab faib mus rau hauv blocks, maps.

Nyob rau hauv kev faib qauv

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua hauj lwm nrog los ua ib tug qauv yog yooj yim, muaj ib tug contingent ntawm lawv faib mus rau hauv blocks:

• los ntawm teb ntawm daim ntawv thov;
• kev txawj ntse ntawm lub lag luam;
• lub sij hawm tseem ceeb;
• cuav daim ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug kev sib cais raws li lub hom siv rau network, hierarchical, tabular views. Nyob rau qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, muaj ntau ntau yam piv txwv ntawm cov duab ntaub ntawv ua qauv los yog paj lug kos npe rau - tus kos npe rau hom. Yuav muab suav hais tias ib tug tiag tiag khoom siv piav qhia txog cov khoom los yog tsom xam ntawm nws cov lag luam hauv paus ntsiab lus.

Piv txwv zoo li tus ntaub ntawv qauv

Piv txwv ib tug xib fwb nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm: muab cov piv txwv ntawm cov duab ntaub ntawv ua qauv. Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov no? Rau starters, koj muaj peev xwm xaiv cov kev xaiv uas muab sau tseg rau daim ntawv. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav tau ua tag nrho cov maps, kos duab, duab, graphics. Cov tsev kawm ntawv xws piv txwv ntau ntau. Tom qab tag nrho, yog ib lub ntsiab txoj kev nrig txog kev pom kev cob qhia yog muab cov ntaub ntawv kawm nyob rau hauv graphical thiab tabular daim ntawv.

Tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv geography xib fwb muaj cov tub kawm ntawv heev heev charts thiab maps. Xws li keeb kwm, no kuj zoo txuam nrog drawings, graphs, ntau yam rooj. Yog hais tias keeb kwm xib fwb qhia nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv: "Muab piv txwv ntawm cov duab ntaub ntawv ua qauv hais txog cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad", tus me nyuam yog txaus los qhib lub atlas rau qhov tseeb page. Nrog rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hais txog qhov no legendary kev tshwm sim siv tus sub thiab cov xim sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia no yog thaws rov los. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau tsev kawm ntawv, cov kev xaiv uas zoo li tus cov ntaub ntawv qauv tseem muaj kev kawm ntawv tsev specializing nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom raws li lawv lwm yam ntxwv.

Division qauv tshaj lub sij hawm

Muaj dynamic thiab zoo li qub variants. Lawv txawv heev. Zoo li qub ntaub ntawv ua qauv qhia piav qhia txog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub kawm kwv nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Lawv piv txwv muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev. Siv cov kev faib yuav thawj zaug suav ntawm lub dag lub zog, kuj mus zoo li qub load. Muaj zoo li qub versions thiab nyob rau hauv kev kho hniav. Nyob rau hauv piav txog lub xeev ntawm tus neeg mob lub qhov ncauj thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob soj ntsuam, tus kws kho mob pom lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau yam tsis xws luag, lub xov tooj ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj.

Siv cov dynamic qauv kws kho hniav yuav soj ntsuam qhov muaj zog ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv tib neeg kho hniav mob tshaj ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, lub xyoo dhau los los yog txij thaum lub yav dhau los saib xyuas. Raws li dynamic ntaub ntawv qauv thaum ua hauj lwm nrog tus yam ntxwv los yog yam tseem ceeb, mus xav hloov nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Cov no tsis muaj peev xwm yuav hais seismic deeg, kub ua viav vias, av noo hloov.

Lus ntaub ntawv ua qauv

Graphically illustrates ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov pab pawg neeg cov lus qhia qauv me nyuam kawm ntawv. Thaum teb cov nqe lus nug, muaj cov xibfwb qhia ntawv, tus me nyuam siv cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub phenomenon, cov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, sib tham txog cov kev cai ntawm cov neeg taug kev coj tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev, tus menyuam kawm ntawv nws tus kheej-simulates qhov teeb meem no, muaj ib txoj kev los daws nws. Caij nplooj zeeg mus rau hauv pawg no thiab zaj lus sib dhos, uas tus kws sau paj lug tseem tsis tau pauv mus rau daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv. Lus ntaub ntawv qauv muaj ib tug yuav piav txog tus cwj pwm. Nws piv txwv yog lub luag nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm, ib tug ntseeg cuav thaum ub piav qhia ntawm tej yam khoom thiab phenomena.

leb ua qauv

Raws li ib tug ntxiv cov yam ntxwv yuav sawv cev los ntawm cov zaub txhais tau tias ntawm formal lus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kwv. Xam ib qho piv txwv 2 ntawm lub kos npe rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qauv, kub siab rau cov ntawv nyeem thiab kos duab. Ob txoj kev sawv cev rau ib tug kwv uas siv nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm niaj hnub tug txiv neej. Muaj yog ib tug faib ntawm lub iconic qauv ntawm cov yam ntxwv, tshwj xeeb, hais lus, muaj kuab, geometric hom.

zauv ntaub ntawv

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm zauv ntaub ntawv qauv yog mus nrhiav qhov kev piav qhia ntawm tus kwv uas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntau yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, paub txog qhov loj ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv cov lus nug, nws yog ua tau, siv ib tug qauv los mus laij lub zog ceev rau ib tug tej lub sij hawm luv. Lej qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab faib mus rau hauv hom: discrete, zoo li qub, simulation, tas mus li, dynamic, zajlus kom, algorithmic, muaj ntau yam, kev ua si, probabilistic.

Tabular ntaub ntawv ua qauv

Yog hais tias lub zog ntawm cov khoom qauv yog nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv teev, thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, nws yog ib lub rooj qauv. Nws yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau txoj kev kis cov lus qhia. Lub rooj rau dynamic thiab zoo li qub yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv thov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, ib tug neeg yog kev nyuaj siab nrog rau tej kev xaiv, Ntsuam xyuas cov sij hawm ntawm suburban u, kawm TV kev pab cuam thaum saib cov huab cua kev twv. Muaj binary rooj uas pib ua ob yam ntxwv ntawm tus txheej txheem los yog phenomenon.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua cov kev ceev teeb, cov ntaub ntawv lub rooj yog twv. Nws muaj lub tsis muaj zog thiab lub sij hawm. Rooj "tus kwv - tus kwv" koom nrog cov kev hloov ntawm kab thiab txhua ntawm lawv cov npe. Piv txwv li, tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug hais txog ntawm kev koom. Cov kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau zoo yam ntxwv. kev xaiv cov lus "tus kwv - ib tug" kom paub meej txog cov kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug kab, cov lus qhia txog nws tus yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv cov kem. Rau zoo xws li cov ntxhuav yuav txhais tau lub ciaj ciam ntawm huab cua: kub, cua, dej nag rau ob peb hnub. Siv tabular qauv pab tau nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob thaum uas yam khoom nyob rau hauv lo lus nug ib ob peb nta. Yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los ua lub tswvyim ntawm subway kab, muaj ib tug branching loj zaus tsim nyog network ntaub ntawv qauv. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug hierarchical ntaub ntawv qauv ntawm ib tsev neeg tsob ntoo.

xaus

Ntau ntaub ntawv ua qauv pab niaj hnub tus txiv neej mus khiav cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kawm thiab tej khoom siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm, technology, thiab pom nws nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nrog lawv pab koj yuav tau txais ib lub tswv yim ntawm ib co tiag tiag kwv, tshwm sim, mus nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev uas yuav thov nws, tswj nws. Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv ua qauv ntawm ntau hom ntawm problematic ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau cov hauj lwm.