Zeya dej. Zeya dej hauv thaj av Amur: ntses thiab duab

Sab laug ntawm Amur dej tau hu ua Evenk. Lawv hu ua nws tus dej Zeya (hauv lawv hom lus lub suab zoo li "dzhe", thiab "lub suab" txhais ua). Nws yog tus thib peb loj tshaj plaws kev tributary ntawm lub Amur. Nws ntws los ntawm thaj av ntawm Amur cheeb tsam, npog ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm nws cov chaw qhib. Hauv Amur basin tus dej ntws ntawm Blagoveshchensk.

Ntawm lub coasts ntawm Amur tributary ua hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb, peb lub zos thiab ib qho cia raws li. Dhau ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus dej nce Zeya, Blagoveshchensk thiab Svobodny. Zeya Reserve seized ib feem ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev rau hauv lub Upper nce mus txog, sprawled dhau ib cheeb tsam ntawm 830 km². Lub zeeg ntawm Zeya HPP tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj uas tshwm sim thaum lub caij ntuj sov dej nyab.

Kev piav qhia

Qhov ntev ntawm tus dej yog 1242 kis lus mev. Pas ua luam dej npog thaj tsam ntawm 233,000 km². Lub hauv paus ntawm tus dej yog nyob rau hauv Tokinsky Stanovik roob saw, uas stretches mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Stanovoi Range. Tshooj luv luv nyob rau hauv qaum kev tuaj txog yog mountainous, rapids thiab rugged. Zey yog dej ntws nrog xuab zeb-thiab-pebble. Tus dej hav yog clamped los ntxhab roob cliffs.

Qhov twg Zeya cuam tshuam nrog lub Tukurings roob ntau, nws cov dej muaj bubbling raws lub qhov tob tob ntawm tus mob rocky. Nws txo qis tam sim no sau raws lub tiaj, qhov chaw hauv hav tau muab faib rau qhov dav, thiab tus dej tau faib ua ntau tributaries. Zey squirms ntawm cov loj meadows, dotted nrog ntau lub pas dej thiab overgrown nrog willow shrubs.

Nws yog navigable. Cov kauj vab dej hauv plab 650-mais ntev. Noj keeb kwm nyob rau hauv tus dej qhov ncauj ntawm lub Zeya, nws rub mus txog rau tib lub nroog. Ua ntej qhov pom ntawm HPP thaum lub sijhawm dej siab, cov hlab ntsha mus rau lub zos Bomnak, uas siab dua lub nroog Zeya.

Nqis teeb meem ntau ntawm dej ntws raus, riveting tus dej channel. Nyob rau hauv lub pas dej tauv, tsis muaj qhov chaw nkag tau rau hauv nkoj. Ships khiav ntawm lub sab saud thiab qis dua.

Hydrology

Lawv pub Zeya rains, daus thiab underground springs. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj yog nag. Lawv tshwm sim li 50-70% ntawm tag nrho cov xyoo khiav. Qhov sib koom ntawm cov fais fab tuag tsis tshaj 10-20%, thiab underground - 10-30%. Tus dej no yog cov dej hauv cov dej. Lub cheeb tsam catchment yog tsim ntawm 20,000 lub pas dej. Lawv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam yog ntau tshaj 1000 km ^2.

Txoj cai dej dej yog cov dej nyab thaum lub caij ntuj sov, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm hnyav rains, thiab dej nyab cov dej nyab. Qhia tias dej nyab kawg 3-4 lub lim tiam. Dej nyab thiab dej nyab yog cov neeg ua txhaum dej nyab uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, Zeya dej, nrog nws cov phiab ncav mus hla lub teb chaws them rau hauv permafrost, yog ntiav heev.

Mus txog rau ntawm Zeya Hydroelectric Fais Chaw Chaw Nres Tsheb tau tsa, dej theem nyob hauv qhov siab ntawm qhov oscillations ntawm 9-10 m. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Zeya yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm HPP, nws nce mus txog 64 meters. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog qhov sib npaug rau plaub mais.

Flora

Sab qaum ib sab ntawm tus dej, qhov twg txhua yam ntawm estuaries, rapids thiab waterfalls raws li nyob rau hauv abundance, yog surrounded by Zeya qhov cia. Kwv yees li ntawm 637 hom nroj tsuag tau tswm rau hauv nws. Lub coastline yog them nrog ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nceeg vaj.

Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov thickets ntawm Mongolian cov ntoo, lub txiv qaub ntawm Amur thiab cov kua ntoo. Zeya dej yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug hazelnut thiab elm Japanese. Lub Amur cheeb tsam hauv nws thaj chaw ua ib qho chaw rau Siberian roob tshauv, pleev, grey thuv, thiab huab cua.

Lub kwj ha hauv thaj chaw no yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov dej ntws loj. Nyob rau sab ntawm lub caj Tukuringra deciduous fab, Rede ua tsis tau zoo chaw temnohvoynikam uas tsim Ayan spruce. Nyob rau hauv lub floodplain ntawm tus dej Zeya, cov duab uas yog amazing, faus nyob rau hauv loj heev meadows nrog marshes.

Fauna

Tsiaj txhu uas tswm ntawm cov dej hiav txwv muaj ib lub cohort ntawm cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv. Cov kwj ha ntawm cov dej khov kho lub wapiti thiab Ussuri elk. Lawv tau los ua ib qho chaw zoo nkauj rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov tsiaj qus. Faib no los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub weasel tsev neeg. Cov vev tse tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj txhu hauv cov hav zoov taiga yog cov nplaum thiab kab zauv.

Lub natives ntawm lub cheeb tsam paub los ntawm xim av bears, hma, wolverines, mab dev, otters thiab tham. Nyob rau hauv cov seem no fauna ntawm noog yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug detachment ntawm chickens. Cov duab dej Zeya yog densely populated los ntawm hazel grouses, partridges thiab pob zeb grouse. Nyob rau hauv lub Upper ncav caij nyob dub grouse, hmoov tsis, lawv cov pej xeem yog heev me me.

Ichthyofauna

Zeya yog ib lub vaj kaj siab rau avid fishermen. Dej hiav txwv hauv zos los ntawm minnows, Amur ntses, graylings, pikes, whitefish, taimen, mustache loaches, crofters, Vladislav thiab lwm cov dej inhabitants. Rybakov yog tsis xav ua kom tau txais cov pob zeb loj loj - qhov loj tiag tiag. Nws yog ib qho ua rau lawv mus ntses ib tug ntses hnyav 30-50 kilograms. Cov kiv cua ntawm cov dej nuv ntses dej kawg zus hauv qhov hnyav hauv ib thiab ib nrab, thiab lenki - nyob rau hauv peb-plaub kgs.

Kev tsim kho ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab tuag tau coj mus rau qhov poob qis hauv cov khoom seem ntawm ntau hom ntses nyob hauv Zeya River. Cov pej xeem ntawm whitefish, taimen thiab asp muaj tsawg dua. Tab sis ho nce tus naj npawb ntawm galls, Chebaks, rotan-headdresses thiab minnows.

Kev ua si

Cov neeg ncig ua si yog ncab ib ce nyob rau hauv ib qho duab corner, qhov dej ntws puv ntoob Zeya, uas muaj xim tshwj xeeb. Zoo heev ua hauj lwm, nplua nuj fauna, zoo nkauj nuv ntses - ib tug hlau nplaum ntawm qhov av zoo no. Ntawm no, cov neeg txhawb ntawm eco-tourism thiab cov kev ua ub no sab nraum zoo li nws.

Cov kiv cua ntawm nuv ntses, huab thiab txawv tshaj plaw rau qhov chaw zoo nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab cov huab cua zoo nkauj. Muaj cov chaw nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Zeya rau cov kiv cua ntawm cov hnub so. Nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ncig neeg ua lag luam, lub sij hawm yog siv nrog Library los ntawm cov neeg taug kev, cov tuam txhab cov phooj ywg thiab cov tsev neeg.