"Elbrus" - processor nyob rau hauv Russia. Specifications thiab keeb kwm ntawm

Txij li thaum lub inception ntawm computer technology nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, tus tsim ntawm high-kev ua tau zoo systems yog ntshai raws li ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov hom phiaj ntawm lub teb chaws science. Txij li thaum lub 90s ntawm txoj kev tshawb tau txuam nrog ib tug fundamentally tshiab mob - yuav tsum tau mus siv cov tshiab txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab Microprocessors. Cov twb tsim "Elbrus" - processor, nyob rau hauv nws laij hwj chim tsis yog ua tsis tau zoo rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws txawv teb chaws qauv.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Tam sim no, tsuas yog ib tug ob peb lub teb chaws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog vim computers nrog ib tug microprocessor ntawm nws tus kheej tsim - nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, Teb chaws Aas Kiv, Nyiv thiab Tuam Tshoj. Nws yog ib cuab kev uas nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg thiab ntshuam hloov Russia kuj yuav tsum tau ib tug processor uas yog txaus kom tau raws li cov cai ntawm cov tub rog, tub ceev xwm cov koom haum, koom haum saib xyuas thiab kev kawm ntawv. Ib tug tau - thiab lub commercialization ntawm cov khoom. Tom qab xyoo ntawm active kev ua hauj lwm ntawm zaum thiab engineers ntawm lub Moscow Center txim-Technology (MCST) yog tsis txaj muag los qhia qhov tseeb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xyoo 2014-15 xyoo: yim-processor "Elbrus 8c". Tab sis ua ntej uas historic kev tshwm sim muaj tau dhau ib tug ntev txoj kev ntawm theoretical teb thiab tswv yim kev tshawb fawb.

Nyob rau hauv USSR koj tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm computer technology peb muaj kev kawm ua hauj lwm S. A. Lebedeva. Cov pab pawg neeg coj los ntawm nws nyob rau Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Precision Txhua thiab Computer Technology (ITM thiab VT) tau tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob xam machines (computers) kaum tsib qauv - los ntawm tus thawj raj rau high-ceev machines kev Circuit Court.

"Elbrus-1"

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov architectural kab, tom qab embodied nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab processor "Elbrus", twb yug los nyob rau hauv 1969. Yog vim li cas rau txoj kev loj hlob yog qhov yuav tsum tau "intellectualization" uas xaiv yaam tshuab. Los ua thawj designer VS Burtsev, ib tug zoo heev kws muaj txuj nyob rau hauv computer science, tom qab academician.

Nyob rau hauv 1979, ITM thiab VT lub xeev commission twb sawv cev los ntawm lub thawj tiam ntawm multiprocessor xam complex "Elbrus" (IAC). Lub processor tau tsim raws li nyob rau hauv lub TTL-logic. Lub system siv nyob rau hauv lub ntaj los sis phom lag luam.

"Elbrus-2"

tus thib ob tiam ntawm MVK "Elbrus" Tom qab rau lub xyoo, ntse dhau qhov kev xeem. Lub processor thiab cov tshiab lub caij puag tau kiag li lub teb chaws txoj kev loj hlob. Lub system twb raws li ib tug high-ceev kev circuits nrog emitter-coupled logic IC-100 series. Performance "Elbrus-2" nyob rau hauv desyatiprotsessornoy configuration yog 125 Zeb. Ib thib ob.

ERM twb ua nyob rau hauv ib tug modular zam nrog nce ntseeg. Tsaug rau cov kev ceev thiab resiliency ntawm lub complex twb siv tau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv lub ceeb chaw uas xaiv yaam tshuab. Cim rau lub sij hawm cov yam ntxwv tiav ERM siv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug xov tooj tshaj tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm lub computational txheej txheem.

"Elbrus-3"

Cov theem tom ntej (1986-1994) yog tus creation ntawm peb tiam ntawm MVK "Elbrus". Lub processor yog tam sim no txawm ntau haib hluav taws xob Cheebtsam - zoo meej. Project saib xyuas xaiv coj tswv cuab ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences B. A. Babayana. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws ua siv pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm MVK "Elbrus-1" thiab "Elbrus-2".

Soj ntsuam qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lawv tsim lub superscalar architecture siv nyob rau hauv lub thib ob tiam ntawm lub ERM, Boris Artashesovich npaj ib tug ntau tshaj kev siv ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm ib tug dav qhia lo lus. Ua ntej lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Union ntawm cov kws txawj muaj kev tswj kom sib sau ua ke ib tsab tab sis nyiaj raws li tus tshiab cov tub ceev xwm nres.

Kawm

Lub continuation ntawm no peb tes num kab yog kev cob cog rua nrog cov kev ua ub ntawm ZAO MCST. Nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv, cov ua domestic mikroelektronschiki ua yuav tsum muaj thawj koom ruam nyob rau kev siv ntawm microprocessor technology, pib tsim tau ob series ntawm Microprocessors thiab computer systems raws li nyob rau hauv lawv. Cov hauj lwm uas ces pab mus rau tsim ib tug haib Lavxias teb sab processor "Elbrus" 2014 tso tawm.

Project hauv paus rau cov thawj series yog tus qhib architecture scalable Processor Architecture (SPARC), Lub teev tseg los ntawm Sun Microsystems. Processors «R» tsev neeg tau raug tsim raws li nyob rau hauv nws.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub thib ob series yog tus thawj architecture ntawm "Elbrus", tsim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas tau raug pom zoo thiab tso cia nyob rau hauv lub IAC-3 (Ameslikas nws twb hu ua "architecture E2k»). Muaj tau tsim plaub theem pib hom ntawm processors. Yog li, lub "Elbrus" (CPU): kev sib piv ntawm cov qauv yog muab nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no.

"ELBRUS-4c"

Ib tug ntawm qhov tseeb kev vam meej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tuam txhab yog lub MCST processor "Elbrus-4c." Nws architecture yog raws li nyob rau hauv tus thawj tsim, uas tau txais kev pab raws li ib lub hauv paus rau microarchitecture VLIW. Rau xam dab lub luag hauj lwm 4 cores 800 MHz, cache nco 2 MB rau txhua tus tseem ceeb.

Dua li ntawm qhov khees archaism nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau lawm tshuab (loj, me me zaus, txheej txheem technology "ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem" 65 nm), ib tug siv hluav taws xob efficiency yog piv nrog Intel series "i". Muaj tsawg zog noj (45W) nws ua tau zoo yog txog li 50 Gflops. Kev sib piv, cov laus qauv lub Intel Core i7-975 huab tsab muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm 53 Gflops ntawm ntau frequencies thiab lub hwj chim noj. Qhov no niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab processor "Elbrus" 2014 qauv lub xyoo twb muab xeem thiab tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv lub series.

"Elbrus-8C"

Nws nkawd hais tias lub sij hawm ntawm evolution yog tshaj, nws yog lub lem ntawm lub revolutionary txhob rau domestic microelectronics. ZAO "MCST" ua ke nrog lub koom haum ntawm Hauv Control machine tau tsim thiab tsim ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm engineering khoom designs. Kom muaj zus tau tej cov kev npaj processor "Elbrus 8c" tsim rau 28-nanometer txheej txheem technology.

Tus ntaus ntawv yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tandem nrog lub maub los thiab lub teb chaws txoj kev loj hlob KPI-2. Txawm hais tias maub los mus txog rau thaum tso tawm rau 65 nm txheej txheem technology, nws txhawb peb Gigabit Ethernet network xws li, 20 kab PCI-Express tsheb npav 2.0, yim 2.0 ntawm USB-ports, yim SATA-ports. Kev sib txuas lus nrog rau cov processor yog 16 Gb / s.

kev yam ntxwv

Chaw tsim tshuaj paus qhia lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm "Elbrus" tshiab system:

• Processor - 8 cores tsis gipertredinga.
• Crystal loj - 350 hli ^2.
• Ob txhais-theem cache rau txhua tus tseem ceeb - 512 kV.
• peb-theem cache yog ib qho - 16 MB.
• Tiav ib phaum - 30 ua hauj lwm.
• Moos zaus - 1.3 GHz, thaum cov tsis yog guaranteed uninterrupted lag luam ntawm tag nrho cov nuclear unlimited lub sij hawm, txawm yog tias ib puas feem pua load.
• Performance (Ncov) - 250 Gflops.
• Fais fab - 60-90 watts.
• Daim ntawv tso cai ywj pheej los ntawm Intel, thaum kom them nyiaj yug rau loj operating systems nrog x 86 / x86-64 architecture.

Raws li koj tau pom, lub Lavxias teb sab processor "Elbrus" qhov tseeb tiam txog li tsib lub sij hawm ntau ntau tshaj qhov 4C qauv.

architecture

Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb tshwm sim ntawm lub tuam txhab ZAO MCST tsim tus thawj architecture ntawm cov microprocessor "Elbrus". Lub processor yog aimed ntawm maximizing kho vajtse kev pab rau cov kev ua tau zoo metrics cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov kev faib nws belongs rau cov qeb ntawm architecture, siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug dav qhia lo lus VLIW (Heev Loj Instruction lo lus), cov compiler generates rau thaum uas tig mus tua ib theem zuj zus ntawm pab pawg (dav qhia lus), nyob rau hauv uas muaj muaj tsis muaj dependencies ntawm pawg nyob rau hauv lub pab pawg neeg thiab tsis tshua dependence ntawm pawg nyob rau hauv sib txawv pab pawg.

Yog li, Lavxias teb sab processor "Elbrus" mas siv parallelism nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam cov cai. Cov no ib tug loj architectural ceev los ntawm qhov kev tso tawm ntawm parallelization apparatus zog xam qhovkev superscalar architectures thiab hloov lawv optimizing compiler. Qhov no tau coj, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb nta xam qhovkev "Elbrus" architecture - tsis muaj zog noj kiag li lawm.

Nrog rau kev siv ntawm parallelism nyob rau hauv lub architecture of operations "Elbrus" ntaus ntawv muab siv lwm yam (ntau ntau) ntawm lub parallelism xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv lub xam txheej txheem:

• concurrency teeb meem nyob rau hauv multicomputer ceg;
• Concurrency tswj ntws rau cov koom txheej nco;
• vector parallelism.

Tau tshaj x 86 architecture

Raws li ib tug yuav tsum muaj qhov yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv architecture, developers chiv xam tau tias yog muab npaum binary compatibility nrog lub hom Intel x 86 microprocessor architecture. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug muab zais dynamic txhais lus thiab nws cov kev pab txhawb nqa cov khoom microprocessor "Elbrus". Nws kuj txiav txim lub zog ntawm cov tshiab domestic architecture yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kho vajtse kev pab txhawb nqa kev ruaj ntseg xam (programming module), ho tswj lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov mus tsim loj software systems uas tsis muaj hnub kawg.

ua daim ntawv thov

Qhov uas nws yog npaj rau siv Lavxias teb sab processors? Nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias cov khoom no yog tsim los nrog ib tug lub hom phiaj - los muab ib tug self-txaus, ywj siab ntawm cov mov thiab daim ntawv tso cai ntawm microelectronics thiab computer technology. Computers rau lub "Elbrus" processor nrog ib theem siab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub computer cov kab mob nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv tus tiv thaiv kev lag luam, nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg cov kev pab cuam, ib qho tseem ceeb lub xeev tsev.

Meanwhile, lub system tso cai rau lub ib txwm lub qhov rais thiab Linux, uas yuav qhib txoj kev, yog hais tias tsis mus qhov nruab nrab neeg, hais tias cov neeg sector. MCST muaj ib tug muaj kev tiv thaiv computers thiab servers, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv hnyav tej kev kawm.