Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug electromagnet? Lawv hom thiab lub hom phiaj

Cov tsab xov xwm piav hais tias xws li ib tug electromagnet, nyob rau dab tsi hauv paus nws ua hauj lwm, thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi uas siv los no hom ntawm cov hlau nplaum.

magnetism

Tej zaum ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau amazing, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yooj yim lub cev tshua yog magnetism. Tsis tau ntau tshaj peb txhiab xyoo dhau los, muaj ntau yam kws tshawb fawb ntawm ancient Greece thiab Tuam Tshoj twb paub mus qhov txawv thaj chaw ntawm "sib nqus lub pob zeb."

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, peb cov hlau nplaum yog tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab, txawm lub feem ntau haib - nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm neodymium. Lawv feem ntau muag li trinkets los yog ntsib lawv tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm seev thiab mechanisms. Txawm li cas los, ob peb cov neeg paub yuav ua li cas ib qho tseem ceeb magnetism rau scientific thiab cov kev kawm.

Tab sis, thaum pib ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua nws yog tsim los ntawm ib tug ntaus ntawv xws li ib tug electromagnet. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi yog ib qho electromagnet, yuav ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm thiab qhov twg thov li cas? Qhov no yog dab tsi peb yuav sib tham txog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

txhais

Electromagnet - ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv, lub lag luam uas tsim ib tug sib nqus teb raws li qhov daim ntawv thov ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau, nws muaj electromagnets ntawm cov thawj winding thiab cov tub ntxhais, uas muaj ferromagnetic zog.

Cov kauj yog feem ntau ua los ntawm tooj liab los yog txhuas nyob ntawm tej sib txawv ntawm cov thicknesses, ua tib zoo them nrog rwb thaiv tsev. Tab sis muaj electromagnets ntawm superconducting cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv tus kheej raws li magnetic cores uas ua los ntawm steel hlau-npib tsib xee alloys los yog hlau. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo tau cov tsis nyob rau hauv lub eddy currents, sib nqus cores no yog ua los ntawm structurally tag nrho cov teeb ntawm nyias los xij. Tam sim no peb paub tias dab tsi ib tug magnet. Cia peb xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau yam keeb kwm ntawm qhov pab tau ntaus ntawv.

zaj dabneeg

Creator electromagnet xam tau tias yog Uilyam Sterdzhen. Nws yog nws leej twg nyob rau hauv 1825 ua tus thawj xws li ib tug magnet. Structurally tus dais no yog ib tug cylindrical daim hlau, uas twb qhov txhab nyob ib ncig ntawm cov tuab insulated tooj liab hlau. Nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thaum nws tau tso cai ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm ib tug hlau tus pas hlau nplaum zog mas yuav kis tau. Thiab thaum lub tam sim no txaus yog tu ncua, rau tag nrho cov ntaus ntawv magnetism tam sim ntawd poob lawm. Nws yog ib qhov zoo - mus pab los yog lov tes taw yog tias tsim nyog - thiab tso cai rau kev siv ntawm electromagnets nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm hauj thiab muaj spheres.

Peb tau pom tias cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi yog ib qho electromagnet. Tam sim no, peb tsom xam nws yooj yim hom. Lawv sib cais nyob rau cov qauv ntawm cov generating ib tug sib nqus teb. Tab sis lawv muaj nuj nqi tseem zoo li qub.

hom

Lub electromagnets yog cov nram qab no hom:

• Nruab nrab DC. Nyob rau hauv qhov no magnetic flux generated los ntawm ib tug tas mus li hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm lub kauj. Qhov no txhais tau tias tus quab yuam ntawm attraction ntawm lub electromagnet txawv nyob ntawm seb tsuas yog nyob rau tus nqi ntawm cov tam sim no es tsis nyob rau hauv nws cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv lub winding.
• Polarized DC. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub electromagnet ntawm no zoo yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ob ywj siab magnetic fluxes. Yog hais tias peb tham txog polarizing, nws muaj feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm tas mus li hlau nplaum (nyob rau hauv uas tsis tshua muaj mob - ntxiv electromagnets), thiab nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib qho txaus nyiam quab yuam thaum lub kauj yog switched tawm. Thiab xws kev txiav txim ntawm lub electromagnet nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntau thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no uas tsiv nyob rau hauv lub winding.
• AC. Nyob rau hauv xws li, cov solenoid kauj yog powered AC hluav taws xob. Raws li, nrog ib tug tej zaus magnetic flux hloov nws cov kev taw qhia thiab qhov ntau. Ib tug attraction quab yuam ua nyob rau hauv qhov ntau xwb, uas yog vim li cas nws yog "pulsating" los ntawm ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus rau ib tug nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm ib tug zaus uas muaj ib tug muab ob npaug rau tus nqi nrog hwm rau lub zaus ntawm nws cov mov ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no.

Nrog hais tias, yog dab tsi lawv views, peb twb paub. Tam sim no, cia peb kawm txog cov piv txwv ntawm kev siv ntawm electromagnets.

kev lag luam

Tej zaum sawv daws nyob tsawg kawg ib zaug, tab sis tau pom variations ntawm no ntaus ntawv raws li ib tug lifting magnet. Qhov no tuab "pancake" ntawm ntau yam diameters, uas muaj ib tug zoo txaus nyiam quab yuam thiab yog siv rau cov nqa cargo, seem hlau, thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau lwm yam hlau. Cov kev kab ntsab ntawm nws yog hais tias lub hwj chim tawm txaus - thiab ib tug tag nrho load sai li sai tau disengaged, thiab vice versa. Qhov no zoo heev simplifies tus txheej txheem ntawm chaw thau khoom thiab unloading.

Lub zog ntawm cov electromagnet, los ntawm txoj kev, yog xam nrog rau cov nram qab no mis: F = 40550 ∙ B ^ 2 ∙ S. Cia peb xav txog nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, F - yog tus quab yuam nyob rau hauv kilograms (kuj yuav ntsuas nyob rau hauv Newtons), B - tus nqi ntawm cov induction, thiab S - ua hauj lwm deg hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntaus ntawv.

tshuaj

Nyob rau hauv lub lig XIX caug xyoo, lub electromagnets tau siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Ib tug xws li piv txwv - ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm txawv teb chaws lub cev (hlau shavings, xeb, teev, thiab lwm yam).

Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, lub electromagnets kuj lug siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, thiab yog tej zaum ib tug ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm, uas muaj tag nrho cov hnov txog - yog MRI. Nws ua hauj lwm rau lub hauv paus ntawm magnetic resonance imaging, thiab, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog ib tug loj loj thiab muaj hwj chim loj electromagnets.

cov khoom

Tsis tas li ntawd, xws hlau nplaum yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam engineering thiab electronics, nyob rau hauv lub domestic kheej, xws li locks. Tej xauv yog yooj yim nyob rau hauv hais tias lawv yog heev ceev ceev thiab yooj yim rau koj khiav lag luam, tab sis nws yog txaus nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm ceev disconnect lub tsev - thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yuav tsum qhib, uas yog heev yooj yim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.

Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, ua hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov relay yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetism.

Raws li koj tau pom, qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntaus ntawv uas twb tau muab siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm science thiab technology.