Ntawm amino acid residues uas yog ua qauv?

Ntawm cov amino acid seem ntawm protein molecules yog ua lub tsev. Tej polymers muaj molecular ntuj cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog li ntawm cov tshuaj hais xws li carbon, muaj hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen tam sim no. Lub nucleic acids muaj phosphorus, thiab raws li ib feem ntawm ntau cov nqaijrog muaj sulfur.

yam ntxwv nta

Txij li thaum cov amino acid seem ntawm lub molecule yog lub tsev uas muaj protein ntau molecules, lawv muaj lub siab txheeb ze molecular loj. Lawv hu ua makropolimerami. Raws li cov piv txwv ntawm cov uas tsis muaj molecular yuag tebchaw xws li alcohols, carboxylic acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides, amino acids.

macromolecules

Nws yuav ua tau amino acid seem ntawm lub molecule cov nqaijrog uas yuav tsum tau rau tseem ceeb heev functions ntawm muaj sia nyob. Nyob rau nruab nrab, nws txheeb ze molecular loj yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv ntau los ntawm ib tug ob peb txhiab mus rau ib tug lab. Nyob rau hauv molecules ntawm protein tebchaw, nucleic acids, polysaccharides assumed ib qhov nqi ntawm rov qab ua dua units.

Monomers hu ua yooj yim molecules uas yog lub hauv paus rau cov tsim ntawm polymer molecules. Uas molecules yog ua los ntawm cov amino acids? Lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no yog me ntsis txog rau tej tub ntxhais kawm ntawv. Monomer rau lawv yog cov amino acids. Rau polysaccharides yuav tsum tau monosaccharides, thiab nucleotides yog tsim nyog rau qhov kev siv ntawm nucleic acids.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm biopolymers

Yog li, cov amino acid residues yog lub tsev protein molecules uas ua ntau zog. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg rau cov kev siv ntawm lawv muaj nuj nqi. Nws tso cai rau koj mus ua protein molecules uas yog hais rau ib tug neeg sia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, protein molecules - ib qhov chaw ntawm lub zog, thiab yog li ntawd cov nqaijrog muaj xws li txhua hnub khoom noj. Nyob rau hauv lub hlwb muaj ntau cov nqi ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Piv txwv li, rau cov tsiaj tsiag ntawv los ntawm predominance ntawm lipids thiab cov proteins nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab - ib tug txaus tus nqi ntawm carbohydrates.

Ntawm cov amino acid residues ntawm cov tsiaj protein molecules yog ua lub tsev. Xws "cib" uas yog amphoteric tshuaj tebchaw cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv lub protein molecule nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ib theem zuj zus. Tam sim no muaj cov lus qhia txog lub hav zoov ntawm ob puas amino acids, tab sis rau cov tsim ntawm lawm tab nqaijrog tsuas yog siv nees nkaum ntawm lawv. Lawv hu ua cov protein-txoj kev ua. Piv txwv li, cov nqaijrog yuav raug ua lub tsev interlaces ntawm alanine, leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, valine, methionine, Glutamine, threonine. Nyob rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm cov amino acid residues uas yog ua qauv, cov tub ntxhais kawm muab piv txwv ntawm cov tsiaj protein.

Nta ntawm cov tshuaj qauv

Cov amino acids uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm txoj kev ua ib macromolecule, ib tug amino pab pawg neeg thiab ib tug carboxyl pab pawg neeg sib raug zoo rau ib tug carbon atom. Nws yog qhov no feature combines cov saum toj no tus xov tooj. Cov amino acid residues txawv nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov radical. Tej zaum nws yuav hydrophilic los yog hydrophobic, ncov qaumteb qabteb los yog uas tsis yog-polar, uas muab cov kev thaj chaw ntawm cov amino acids.

Lub ib thooj ntawm cov amino acids muaj peev xwm ntawm txoj kev proteinaceous molecule muaj ib carboxyl pab pawg neeg (nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj hydroxyl thiab carbonyl) amino pab pawg neeg thiab ib qho, yog li ntawd lawv tau ua tsis molecules.

Muaj yooj yim amino acids muaj ob peb amino pawg, raws li zoo raws li acidic amino acids, uas yog muaj li ntawm ib co ntawm cov carboxyl pawg. Piv txwv li, sulfur atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecule yog cysteine.

synthesis xaiv

Autotrophic kab ke amino acids los ntawm inorganic nitrogen-muaj tshuaj thiab ntawm cov khoom ntawm photosynthesis.

Heterotrophic kab mob yog siv raws li cov thawj cov zaub mov qhov twg los ntawm cov amino acids. Raws li ib feem ntawm tib neeg lub cev yog tsim los ntawm cov amino acid khoom ntawm metabolism. Tej tebchaw no yog interchangeable. Raws li ib qhov chaw ntawm qhov tseem ceeb cov amino acids tsis tsim nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, siv tej yam zaub mov. Yuav ua li cas acids yog hu ua qhov tseem ceeb rau ib tug neeg? Qhov no lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine. Rau cov me nyuam lub cev muaj ob qhov tseem ceeb cov amino acids: histidine thiab arginine.

Txij li thaum amino acids yog amphoteric tebchaw, lawv yog yus muaj los ntawm siab reactivity. Ntawm ib tug amino acid thiab cov carboxyl pab pawg neeg ntawm ib tug thib ob qauv ntaub ntawv ib tug tshuaj daim ntawv cog lus, hu ua peptide (amide) daim ntawv cog lus.

Raws li ib tug ntawm xws li ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ib linear peptide qauv. Ib kawg ntawm tus tshiab compound muaj ib tug amino pab pawg neeg, thiab lub thib ob muaj ib tug dawb carboxyl pab pawg neeg. Tej qauv tso cai dipeptide koom tau nrog lwm molecules, amino acids, txoj kev polypeptide compound.

xaus

Lub peptides yog ntawm kev tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub neej. Polypeptides nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv yog toxins, tshuaj tua kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li ib co tshuaj hormones. Polypeptide chains tej zaum yuav muaj li ntawm txhiab ntawm cov amino acids teem nyob rau hauv ib lub ib theem zuj zus. Yog hais tias tsuas yog tus amino acid residues yog muaj li ntawm protein macromolecules, lawv hu ua yooj yim.

Yog hais tias cov qauv ntawm cov protein molecule tsis yog tsuas yog amino acid Cheebtsam, tab sis kuj cov cations ntawm hlau, manganese, zinc, suab thaj, nucleotides, lipids, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus molecule yog hu ua txoj proteins. Raws li ntau yooj yim protein cais tawm fibrin, ntshav albumins, enzymes.

Complex protein molecules nrhiav tshuaj (immunoglobulins) enzymes. Muaj plaub hom ntawm cov yam ntxwv lub koom haum ntawm cov protein molecules. Thawj qauv yog tus linear theem zuj zus ntawm cov amino acid residues kev cob cog rua ntawm peptide (amide) bonds.

Nws txiav txim lub zog, zog, raws li zoo raws li hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov protein. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov thawj lug tsim txawv versions lug. Txhua kab mob nws muaj nws tus kheej cim thawj qauv, uas tsim ib co teeb meem rau lub synthesis. Piv txwv li, cov teeb meem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm cov kws cov neeg ua hauj rau tej tib neeg.