Muaj yog ib tug ntau ntawm science, uas uas yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug zoo feem nyob rau hauv efficiency. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau tawm ntawm lawv - nws yog tswj (Labor Organization) thiab marketing (nce qib ntawm cov khoom los yog cov kev pab cuam). Koj muaj peev xwm mus txuas ntxiv rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm tsis tau. Tab sis tseem muaj cov neeg hais txog tej uas tsuas cov kws txawj hnov. Thiab qhov no siv ergonomics. Raws li ib tug science, nws yog feem ntau kom meej meej underrated kev qhuab qhia. Raws li ib feem ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm yuav tsum tau muab rau lub ntsiab txhais ntawm nws, qhia txog cov kev qhia thiab kev siv nyob rau hauv xyaum. Peb hais tau tias muaj nyuag qhia txog ergonomics. Yog li ntawd, peb npaj mus rau qhov kev kawm ntawm tsab xov xwm.
Yuav ua li cas yog ergonomics thiab nws yog kawm?
Yog li ntawd-hu ua scientific kev qhuab qhia uas ua hauj lwm nrog cov peculiarities ntawm tus sis ntawm cov neeg thiab qhov sib txawv cov ntsiab ntawm cov tshuab, uas yog, nws considers lub zog txheej txheem. Muaj kuj yog ib tug profession ntawm "ergonomics". Cov neeg uas muaj nws yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm theories, kev cai, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov hau kev ntawm kev tsim kho, uas yuav nws thiaj li yuav tau los xyuas kom meej tib neeg noj qab haus huv thiab optimize cov zuag qhia tag nrho hauj lwm ntawm lub system. Ergonomics yog heev tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub tsim cov txheej txheem. Nws soj ntsuam qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, ntau lawm, ib puag ncig thiab system raws txhua yam hais txog cov kev xav tau kev pab, muaj peev xwm thiab lub cev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg. Ntawm no yog peb coj ib tug pob tseg khib nyiab. Yog hais tias peb muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv lub nroog (los yog txawm nyob rau hauv thaj tsam chaw), koj yuav tau:
- Them ntau dua tej se.
- Daws cov teeb meem uas muaj disgruntled neeg.
Thiab nws kawg. Yog li ntawd, txhob txwm los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm efficiency thiab tsawg teeb meem uas peb yuav ua tau zoo dua rau muab tso rau lub pob tseg khib nyiab sab nraum lub nroog. Yog li, peb muaj ntau thiab ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm ergonomics. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, neeg ua hauj lwm yog ua tiav, thiab ib tug siab tshwm sim.
Yuav ua li cas yog cov qhov chaw ntawm ergonomics?
Txij li thaum peb qhuab qhia yog ib qhov system-taw qhia kom paub (ie, npog tag nrho cov yam thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nuances ntawm tib neeg kev ua si), rau ib tug zoo dua kev nkag siab thiab efficiency nws tau raug muab faib ua nyias muaj nyias ib qhov chaw. Dua li no, lub ergonomics ntawm kev siv thiab yog muaj kev koom tsim ib tug holistic mus kom ze, uas yuav muab rau qhov kev xam thiab noj mus rau hauv tus account kev txawj ntse (kev puas hlwb), lub cev, lub koom haum, kev sib raug zoo thiab ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb yam. Ergonomist practitioner yuav tsum muaj zoo erudition nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov saum toj no qhov chaw (raws li ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus). Yog li ntawd cov neeg zoo li cov profession yog feem ntau npaj nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug sector ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag (los yog kev kawm, yog hais tias peb tham txog science). Ergonomists lossi evolve lawv cov kev txawj thiab muaj peev xwm. Tom qab tsim tshiab chaw, thiab tau qub zeem muag. Dua li ntawm qhov ntau yam ntawm yam, tuition thiab yuav tsum ergonomics tau tso ua ke rau hauv peb cheeb tsam:
- Lub cev.
- Mental.
- Organizational.
lub cev
Nws xyuas thiab anthropometric txoj kev tshawb no, anatomical, biomechanical thiab physiological yam ntxwv thiab peculiarities ntawm lawv tej yam rau lub cev cov kev ua ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm. Nws yog ua hauj lwm hwj tau lub cev kev pab raws qib, repetitive taw, loading / unloading ib yam dab tsi, tej layout muab cov kev kho mob thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua. Qhov no cheeb tsam ntawm ergonomics yog ua txhua yam ua tau kom tsis txhob muaj zoo txim rau tus neeg vim mus ua hauj lwm los yog txo lawv. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, musculo-skeletal mob uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm heev lag luam ntawm lub computer. Qhov no tej zaum yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ad hoc kev luj xyuas ntawm cov hauj lwm thiab kev nplij siab ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev khiav dej num ntawm cov neeg ua rau lawv.
intellective
Qhov no cheeb tsam yog zoo txuas uas muaj ntau yam kev xav muaj dab. Nws them xim rau tej tib neeg zoo li nco, xaav, kev xav, thiab lub cev muaj zog teb. Tsis tas li ntawd ua hauj lwm tawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov tib neeg thiab lwm yam hais txog lub system uas nws ua hauj lwm. Nqa tawm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm kev puas hlwb workload, yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab no yog ua los, tej hauj lwm uas yuav tsum tau siab tsim nyog. Tsis tas li ntawd nws ua hauj lwm tawm tib neeg cia siab rau, nws kev sis raug zoo nrog ntau hom kev kawm, thiab cov kev txiav txim siab rau qhov yuav tsum tau rau txoj kev kawm thiab kev npaj txhij rau kev tiv cov ua hauj lwm nyuaj siab. Ib tug tshwj xeeb kev luj xyuas ntawm cov hauj lwm, los xyuas kom meej tias cov kev txiav txim siab yuav tsis cuam tshuam peb-tog muaj dab. Yog li, khob cov phab ntsa hauv cov xovxwm yog tsis haum rau cov yam ntxwv thiab engineering chaw ua hauj lwm, thiab koj yuav tsum saib xyuas kom muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws tej yam kev mob. Hais tias yog dab tsi ergonomics nyob rau hauv xyaum. Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua.
koom haum
Yog li ntawd, peb tseem mus nrhiav tau tawm yog dab tsi ergonomics, thiab tuaj mus rau lub thib peb, twb ua tiav, cheeb tsam. Nws tseem ua hauj lwm nrog cov optimization ntawm socio-kev systems. Organizational ergonomics yog ua hauj lwm rau cov qauv, cov kev cai thiab cov txheej txheem. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm tej yam rau tib neeg cov kev pab, peb tes num ua hauj lwm, kev sib koom tes, kev sib txuas lus, tej thaj chaw deb chaw ua hauj lwm thiab nrhiav qhov zoo thiab qhov saws me nyuam uas tsim nyog kev txiav txim siab.
nyob rau hauv kev xyaum
Yuav ua li cas yog ergonomics nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag? Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib tug heev lub sij hawm siv cov txheej txheem vim hais tias nws tseem ua hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog nrog rau cov advancement ntawm zoo, tab sis kuj nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm tsim tau. Cia li xav txog tej yam uas muaj ib tug tshiab technology uas yuav txhim kho lub economic efficiency ntawm qhauj los ntawm kev siv ntawm tsawg pab. Rau koj, qhov no yog qhov tseeb, tab sis cov superiors, nws yog tseem tsim nyog los ua pov thawj. Xam txhua yam nrog cov qauv depict schemes, nyob qhov twg, zoo li cas thiab yuav ua li cas mus rau qhov chaw thiab pom tias txhua yam yog ua tau raws li nws yuav tsum.