Sulphate ions: kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab cov av

Sulfate ions yog cov ntsev ntawm sulfuric acid nruab nrab. Muaj ntau ntawm cov tebchaw yog nkag soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv lub khoom hauv lub xeev, muaj ib lub teeb xim. Muaj ntau ntawm sulfate ions muaj sedimentary keeb kwm, lawv tseem yog marine thiab lacustrine sediments tshuaj.

yam ntxwv nta

Cov siv lead ua qauv zoo pub rau ib tug kev SO42- anions. Raws li ntau tebchaw yuav qhia tau divalent hlau sulfates. Piv txwv li, sulfate ions ntawm combining nrog calcium cations, barium, strontium, tsim insoluble ntsev. Cov sediments yog minerals uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov dawb lub xeev nyob rau hauv cov xwm.

Ua nyob rau hauv dej

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov sulfate ion yog tsim thaum ntsev dissociation, thiaj li hais tias xws li ions muaj nyob rau hauv tus nto dej. Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm xws tebchaw yog cov tshuaj dab ntawm oxidation ntawm sulfides thiab sulfur.

Cov ntau yam pauv loj qhov ntau ntawm sulphate ions nkag mus rau reservoirs ntawm cem sia nyob oxidation terrestrial thiab dej tsob nroj beings. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yog underground dej.

Cov ntau yam pauv loj npaum li cas ntawm sulfate ion generated nyob rau hauv industrial thiab ua liaj ua teb effluents.

Yus muaj los ntawm cov uas tsis muaj-mineralized dej SO42- ions. Muaj sustainable ntaub ntawv ntawm tej tebchaw, uas zoo cuam tshuam rau salinity ntawm cov dej haus. Piv txwv li, magnesium sulfate yog ib qho insoluble compound uas accumulates nyob rau hauv cov dej.

Tus nqi nyob rau hauv cov leej faj voj voog

Yog hais tias peb tsom xam cov sulfate ion nyob rau hauv dej, nws yog tsim nyog los nco ntsoov qhov tseem ceeb rau ib tug tag nrho cov kev voj voog nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntawm cov leej faj thiab nws cov tebchaw. Vim hais tias ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm sulfate-txo cov kab mob, tsis muaj kev nkag ntawm huab cua oxygen, yog nws yuav txo tau kom hydrogen sulfide thiab sulfides. Vim muaj cov pa nyob rau hauv cov av dej yog nqa rov hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau hauv sulphates.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sulphate-txo cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov pa yog txo kom sulphides thiab hydrogen sulphide. Tab sis sai li sai tau raws li cov dej los nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso pa, dua oxidized rau sulfate.

Lub rainwater SO42- ion concentration yog 10 mg rau ib nyhav decimetre. Rau dej tsis qab ntsev no daim duab yog hais txog 50 mg rau ib dm ^3. Nyob rau hauv underground qhov chaw ntau sulfate cov ntsiab lus yog heev dua.

Rau dej yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo thiab qhov feem pua ntawm sulfuric acid ions. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub ntau kev ntsuas muaj feem xyuam rau tib neeg kev ua ub no, txo thiab oxidizing dab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm.

Nyhuv on dej zoo

Sulfates muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov dej haus. Lawv nce concentration adversely muaj feem xyuam rau cov organoleptic yam ntxwv. Dej yuav qab ntsev saj, nce nws turbidity. Kom ntau ntawm cov anions adversely muaj feem xyuam rau lub physiological dab nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lawv tsis zoo absorbed rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub hnyuv. Thaum ntau dua lawv tsim ib tug laxative nyhuv, txhob cuam tshuam txog lub digestive dab.

Nws muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug tsis zoo feem ntawm sulfates rau cov plaub hau, irritating lub txheej membrane ntawm lub qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij. Vim rau qhov tsis zoo hais tias lawv sawv cev rau rau tib neeg lub cev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus txiav txim lub sulfate ions, coj raws sij hawm ntsuas los txo lawv cov nqi nyob rau hauv cov dej haus. Raws li cov qauv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 500 mg rau ib nyhav decimetre.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev txiav txim ntawm anions nyob rau hauv dej

Nyob rau hauv laboratory kev tshawb fawb yog raws li qhov zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv rau sulfate ion nrog Trilon B. Titration yog nqa tawm raws li GOST 31940-12 set rau SO42-. Rau laboratory thwmsim, cov ntsiab lus hais txog cov cim ntawm sulfate anions nyob rau hauv lub haus dej thiab dej khib nyiab, npaj kev daws teeb meem ntawm barium chloride ntawm ib tug predetermined concentration (0.025 mol, ib dm ^3). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tsom xam yuav tsum tau daws cov teeb meem: magnesium ntsev, ammonium tsis, Trilon B, nyiaj nitrate, qhia eryochrom T dub.

Lub algorithm nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam

Kuaj siv ib tug conical hwj muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm txog 250 ml. Nws yog tsim los ntawm pipetting 10 ml ntawm ib tug magnesium ntsev tov. Ntxiv mus, lub analyzed hwj ntxiv 90 ml ntawm dej distilled, 5 ml ntawm ammonia tsis tshuaj, ib tug ob peb tee ntawm ib tug taw qhia, titration yog nqa tawm siv ib tug tov ntawm EDTA disodium ntsev. Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm kom txog thaum muaj ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv cov xim xiav nrog liab thiab liab doog.

Tom ntej no, txiav txim rau qhov nyiaj ntawm EDTA disodium ntsev tov, uas yog yuav tsum tau rau cov titration. Yog xav tau kev txhim khu kev qha tau, nws yog ntshaw kom rov hais dua cov txheej txheem 3-4 lub sij hawm. Siv tus kho lus coefficient, lub xam yog ua ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm sulfate anions.

Nta ntawm kev npaj kev kuaj analyzed los ntawm titration

Siv los ntawm simultaneous tsom xam ntawm ob kuaj muaj ib tug ntim ntawm 100 ml. Nws yog tsim nyog los noj ib tug conical hwj, xam rau ib 250 ml. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav ua rau ib tug kuaj 100 ml ntawm tus tsom xam cov qauv. Lawv ntxiv ntxiv 2-3 ncos concentrated hydrochloric acid, 25 ml ntawm barium chloride, muab lub hwj nyob rau hauv ib tug waterbath. Cua sov twb nqa tawm rau 10 feeb, ces tus analyzed qauv yuav tsum tau sab laug mus rau 60 feeb.

Ces, ib tug filtering kuaj kom cov lim twb tsis precipitate barium sulfate. Lub lim twb ntxuav nrog dej distilled, cov tshuaj yog soj ntsuam los ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj chloride ions. Ua li no tsis tseg zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv uas nyiaj nitrate tshuaj. Yog hais tias koj pom ib tug taws kub nnyiab ya, nws qhia tias muaj cov chloride.

Lub lim ces muab tso rau hauv ib lub hwj, nyob qhov twg lub deposition twb tau soj xyuas. Tom qab tas li ntawd ntawm 5 ml ntawm ammonia yog do txheem ntawm lub hwj nrog ib tug iav pas nrig, lub lim unfolded, straightened raws qab. Ib 5 mg ntawm analyzed ions no ntxiv rau cov dej 6 ml disodium EDTA. Tus txheem tau rhuab nyob rau hauv ib tug dej da dej, ces rhuab nyob rau hauv ib tug hotplate kom txog thaum tiav xaus ntawm lub precipitate, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov dej ua ke nrog lub lim.

Cov cua kub lub sij hawm yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj tsib feeb. Yuav kom txhim kho txoj kev zoo ntawm tus tsom xam yog tsim nyog los tsis tseg do tus txheem ntawm lub hwj nrog ib tug iav pas nrig.

Tom qab txias, tus qauv yog poured thereto 50 ml ntawm dej distilled, 5 ml ntawm ammonia tsis tshuaj, ib tug ob peb tee ntawm qhov taw qhia kev daws haus dej cawv. Ntxiv mus, titration yog nqa tawm nrog tshaj disodium edetate sulfate los yog magnesium chloride kom txog thaum ruaj khov ntshav Hawj txawm.

xaus

Sodium-, potassium-, sulfate ions nyob rau hauv lub pov tseg dej tsis tau tsuas yog vim hais tias ntawm lub ntau yam ntuj tab sis kuj raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tib neeg kev ua ub no. Mus rau cov dej siv rau khoom noj khoom haus, tsis adversely muaj feem rau muaj sia nyob, nws yog tsim nyog los saib xyuas cov quantitative cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv nws ib tug ntau yam ntawm anions thiab cations.

Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm titration kuaj Trilon B yuav muab ua tau ntau suav ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov kev kuaj ntawm sulfate anions, coj qhob ntsuas los txo qhov ntsuas no (yog tias tsim nyog). Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub analytical lub chaw soj nstuam kuj ua paub kuaj nyob rau hauv lub haus dej ntawm hnyav hlau cations, anions ntawm cov tshuaj, phosphates, pathogenic microorganisms uas muaj nyob rau hauv excess ntawm pub ntau ntawm tsis zoo los rau hauv lub cev thiab lub siab ntsws noj qab haus huv.

Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm xws kuaj sim kawm thiab heev heev cov kev tshawb fawb analytical chemists xaus ntsuam dej rau noj, los yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau nws ntxiv purification, siv ib tug tshwj xeeb filtering system, raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj dej purification.