Xov tooj SIM card: tus ntaus ntawv

SIM card - ib tug ntaus ntawv uas yog ib tug neeg qhia tias yog leejtwg module. Qhov no kev Circuit Court yog tsim los rau kev ruaj ntseg cia cov chav thoob ntiaj teb mobile neeg yuav qhia kom paub (IMSI) thiab txuam qhov tseem ceeb uas yog siv rau kev qhia kom paub thiab authentication ntawm subscribers nyob rau hauv lub mobile telephony pab kiag li lawm (e.g., mobile xov tooj thiab computers). Koj yuav tau cia hu ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ntau SIM-phaib.

SIM phaib yeej ib txwm siv nyob rau hauv GSM cov xov tooj rau CDMA pab kiag li lawm tsim nyog tsuas yog rau cov tshiab lub LTE-tshaj li. Lawv kuj yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv satellite xov tooj.

SIM daim card yog ib feem ntawm cov nuj nqi ntawm universal kev Circuit Court (UICC), uas yog feem ntau yog ua los ntawm PVC nrog kev muaj mob thiab semiconductors. SIM daim card, ib tug ntaus ntawv uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuab, tau kis cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv mobile pab kiag li lawm.

SIM daim card muaj xws li:

• ib tug tshwj xeeb serial tooj (ICCID);
• thoob ntiaj teb mobile qhia (IMSI);
• authentication thiab encryption;
• lub sij hawm cov lus qhia txog lub cheeb tsam network;
• ib daim ntawv teev cov kev pab cuam uas tus neeg muaj kev nkag tau mus;
• ntaus xov tooj SIM card kuj muaj ob tug passwords: Personal Identification Number (PIN) rau tej kev siv, thiab koj tus kheej unblocking code (lub puk) rau account cov PIN.

Keeb kwm thiab lub sij hawm rau kev ua lag luam

Chiv SIM hom tau hais tseg los ntawm cov European Telecommunications Standards lub koom haum nyob rau hauv specification TS 11,11 tus xov tooj uas qhia txog lub cev thiab cov zajlus kom thaj chaw ntawm lub SIM card. Nrog UMTS txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub specification ua hauj lwm tau cov pauv mus rau lub 3GPP.

Thawj lub SIM-card yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1991 los ntawm cov Munich chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm ntse phaib Giesecke & Devrient, uas muag cov thawj 300 ntawv luam ntawm cov Finnish wireless network neeg teb xov tooj Radiolinja.

inactivation

Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam contractual ntawv cog lus "them-mus" koj yuav tsum tau tseg siv ib tug prepayment nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob muaj lub sij hawm ntawm tus account ua ub no. Qhov no lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub network neeg teb xov tooj, tab sis feem ntau yog txiav txim los ntawm ib lub sij hawm ntawm peb lub hlis. Qhov no yog tej zaum vim lub fact tias SIM-card yog tsaug zog nyob rau hauv lub network.

sau npe

Feem ntau cov teb chaws thiab tswv yuav tsum tau kev qhia kom paub mus qhib cov kev pab cuam, tab sis muaj ib co kev zam, xws li Hong Kong SAR.

Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus SIM card xov tooj?

Rau SIM-phaib muaj peb ua hauj lwm voltage: 5 V, 3 V thiab 1.8 V. Cov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntawm feem ntau "simok", khiav mus txog rau thaum 1998, yog 5 V. Cov tsim tom qab phaib yuav tau tshaj 3 V thiab 5 V. Niaj hnub nimno zaus kev pab txhawb nqa 5 V, 3 V thiab 1.8 V.

cov ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau SIM-phaib muab network ntaub ntawv siv los kuaj xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov neeg rau npe rau hauv lub network. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm cov no yog cov ICCID, IMSI, Authentication Ntsiab (Ki), cheeb tsam qhia (Lai) thiab tus naj npawb ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev hu xov tooj.

Sim daim ntawv, uas tus ntaus ntawv yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub schemes kuj khw muag khoom lwm yam ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm seb tus neeg tsav tsheb, xws li ib tug chaw muab kev pab muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm luv luv lus (SMS ServiceServiceName), lub npe ntawm tus muab kev pab cuam (SPN), chav tsev muab kev pab tus xov tooj (SDN), tsis Advanceofcharge thiab daim ntaub ntawv nqi ntxiv (vas).

SIM daim card yuav tau nkag rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntau thiab tsawg pab los ntawm 8 yam tsawg 256 KB. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tso cai rau koj los khaws ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 250 cov neeg, tab sis yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug version ntawm tus 32 KB qhov chaw rau 33 mobile network codes (MNC) los yog "network identifiers", ib yam ntawm cov 64 KB yog cov ntaub ntawv rau lub 80 MNC. Qhov no Performance index yog siv los ntawm lub network tswv los cia nyiam tes hauj lwm, thiab yog tsuas yog siv tau thaum lub SIM yog tsis nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev network thiab roaming. Dab tsi xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv xov sim card?

Cov neeg teb xov tooj, uas tso tawm "sim daim card" yuav siv nws mus cuag koj lub xov tooj mus rau ib tug nyiam network siv qhov zoo tshaj plaws coj mus muag pom zoo rau qhov thawj zaug network lub tuam txhab. Qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias lub xov tooj uas muaj lub SIM no, yuav tsum tau txuas mus txog rau 33 los yog 80 tes hauj lwm, uas txhais tau tias tsuas yog hais tias lub SIM-card issuer tsuas taw tes rau tus nqi no ntawm koj nyiam tes hauj lwm. Yog hais tias lub "Sim" yog nyob sab nraum ntawm lub dua tes hauj lwm, nws yuav siv cov thawj los yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws muaj nyob rau ib qho.

ICCID

Txhua SIM-card yog nrhiav tau nyob rau ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub cim ntawm lub kev Circuit Court (ICCID). ICCID khaws tseg rau hauv SIM card, raws li zoo raws li engraved los yog sau rau ntawm lub hnab thaum lub sij hawm personalization txheej txheem.

ICCID yog txiav txim los ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm ITU-T E.118 xov tooj raws li lub Primary. Nws layout yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub ISO / IEC 7812. Raws li cov E.118 tooj yuav ua tau mus txog rau 22 tug lej tom qab xws li ib daim tshev lej xam siv cov Luhn algorithm. Txawm li cas los, lub GSM Theem 1 txhais tau hais tias lub ICCID ntev 10 octets (20 tug lej tom qab) nrog cov kev qauv ntawm cov neeg teb xov tooj.

International Mobile neeg yuav Identification (IMSI)

SIM daim card yog muab nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg network tswv los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb thoob ntiaj teb mobile neeg yuav qhia kom paub (IMSI). Tswv ntawm mobile network kev cob cog rua rau lub mobile hu xov tooj thiab pauv lawv SIM-phaib nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam nrog nws IMSI. Lawv tom ntej no hom ntawv.

Thawj peb tug lej tom qab sawv cev rau lub Mobile Lub teb chaws Code (MCC).

Cov tom ntej no los yog ob peb tug lej tom qab yog cov mobile network code (MNC). Peb tug MNC cov lis dej num pub E.212, tab sis no mas siv nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States thiab Canada.

Cov nram qab no cov nuj nqis sawv cev rau lub mobile neeg yuav qhia kom paub tooj (MSIN). Feem ntau nws yog 10 tus xov tooj, tab sis cov nqi yuav muaj tsawg tshaj li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug peb-ntiv MNC los yog hais tias lub teb chaws cov kev cai qhia tias tag nrho cov ntev ntawm lub IMSI yuav tsawg tshaj li 15 tug lej tom qab. Tag nrho cov nuj nqis txawv los ntawm lub teb chaws mus lub teb chaws, li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj kev txawv nyob rau hauv txoj kev npaj SIM card. Lub tswvyim yog tib yam txheej txheem thiab lub Hoobkas, qhov txawv tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv ntaub ntawv kaw tseg.

Lub authentication tseem ceeb (Ki)

Kni - yog ib tug 128-ntsis nqi uas yog siv los kuaj xyuas cov SIM-phaib nyob rau hauv lub GSM mobile network (network USIM koj tseem yuav tau lub Ki, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau lwm yam tsis). Nyob rau hauv txhua SIM-card khw muag khoom noj ib tug tshwj xeeb Ki, muab los ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb thaum lub sij hawm personalization txheej txheem. Qhov kev xaiv no yog tseem muab cia rau hauv ib tug database (hu ua lub authentication chaw, los yog AuC) nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam muab kev pab network.

Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus SIM card nrog rau lub teeb ntawm lub saum toj no? Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev raws li kom tsis txhob tau txais Ki nrog ib tug ntse card interface. Es tsis txhob SIM-card muab cov nuj nqi "Start GSM-algorithm", uas tso cai rau tus xov tooj rau kis cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub "Simcoe", uas yuav tsum tau kos npe nrog Ki. Qhov no yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv ntawm cov SIM card yuav tsum yog Ki yuav tsis tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub SIM-card los yog neeg teb xov tooj xav los nthuav qhov kev xaiv no. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov GSM encryption algorithm rau xam SRES_2 (saib. Kauj ruam 4 hauv qab no) ntawm lub Ki muaj tej yam vulnerabilities uas yuav cia rov qab los ntawm cov nqi no nrog cov "SIM phaib" thiab tsim tau ib duplicated SIM-card.

Lub authentication txheej txheem

Thaum lub mobile cov khoom yog pib, nws lijchoj hais lub thoob ntiaj teb mobile neeg yuav qhia tias yog leejtwg (IMSI) SIM-card thiab xa nws mus rau mobile neeg teb xov tooj thov nkag thiab authentication. Mobile cov khoom yuav kis tus PIN-code rau cov SIM card ua ntej nws yuav qhib cov ntaub ntawv.

Qhia txog qhov chaw thaj chaw

SIM khw muag khoom noj network xeev xwm, uas yog tau txais los ntawm qhov chaw cheeb tsam yog leejtwg (Lai). Network tswv muab faib mus rau hauv qhov chaw rau tej thaj chaw, txhua tus uas muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb Lai tooj. Thaum tus ntaus ntawv hloov chaw, nws stores tus tshiab Lai nyob rau hauv lub SIM-card, thiab xa nws rov qab mus rau tus tswj hwm network rau qhov chaw tshiab. Yog hais tias tus ntaus ntawv ua hauj lwm cyclically, nws yuav extract cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub "Sims" thiab nrhiav tau rau ntawm yav dhau los Lai. Nyob rau no xyov ua hauj lwm thiab ib co kab nrog cov SIM card.

SMS-lus thiab hu

Feem ntau cov SIM-phaib yuav default rau cia ib qhov nqi ntawm SMS-lus thiab phau ntawv xov tooj hu. Mob yog muab nyob rau hauv yooj yim officers "npe thiab xov tooj": cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj ntau yam xov tooj thiab ntxiv tus xov tooj muaj feem ntau tsis khaws cia rau nws. Tej yam kev mob muab ib tug SIM card ntaus ntawv. Mob yuav raug cawm dim no xwb. Piv txwv li, thaum ib tug neeg nws mus luam xws ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub "sim daim card" xov tooj software faib lawv mus rau hauv ob peb cov ntaub ntawv, muab pov tseg tej ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog ib tug xov tooj.

Number of rua hu thiab cov lus nyob rau hauv lub SIM-card. Early qauv yuav cia ib tug tag nrho tsib lus thiab 20 hu thaum niaj hnub SIM phaib yuav feem ntau yog khaws cia rau ntau tshaj 250 yam khoom.

SIM card: tus ntaus ntawv thiab tawm tswv

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm SIM-card tau ua me me, thiab lawv functionality tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub hom. Rau ib full-size "Simcoe" ua raws li los ntawm ib tug mini-SIM, micro-SIM thiab nano-SIM. Niaj hnub no lawv txawm los ua rau tus ntaus ntawv.

Full-size SIM-card

Full-size SIM card (los yog 1FF, 1 daim ntawv ceeb) yog thawj daim ntawv ceeb. Nws muaj qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib daim credit card (85,60 × 53,98 × 0,76 hli). Tom qab ntawd, me "Sims" yog feem ntau muag nyob rau hauv lub built-nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov loj daim ntawv qhia uas lawv yuav tsum tau raug thawb.

Mini-SIM

Daim ntawv qhia mini-SIM (los yog 2FF) muaj tib lub hu arrangement raws li tag nrho-sized SIM card, thiab feem ntau yog nkag rau hauv lub full-size adapter txuas thereto coupling neeg. Qhov no tswvyim pub rau nws siv nyob rau hauv lub apparatus thiab tau tag nrho daim ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug mini-SIM-card (tom qab kev sib tawg ntawm txuas ntsiab). Txij li thaum lub full-ntev "Simca" yog tsis siv, ib txhia neeg muag khoom hu no daim ntawv ceeb txheem los yog kev SIM-card.

Micro-SIM

Daim ntawv qhia micro-SIM (los yog 3FF) muaj tib lub thickness thiab qhov chaw ntawm hu, tab sis nws yog distinguished los ntawm ib tug me me ntev thiab dav.

Micro-SIM hom tau qhia los ntawm cov European Telecommunications Standards lub koom haum (ETSI) rau installation nyob rau hauv pab kiag li lawm uas yog heev me me rau ib tug mini-SIM-card. Daim ntawv ceeb hais nyob rau hauv lub 3GPP SMG9 UMTS ua hauj lwm pab pawg neeg, uas yog lub cev uas teev cov qauv rau cov GSM SIM-card, nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1998, thiab tom qab pom zoo los ntawm tus kawg ntawm 2003.

Micro-SIM tau raug tsim los rau rov qab compatibility. Cov ntsiab teeb meem yog kev sib cuag thaj tsam ntawm lub nti. Txuag lub tib hu cheeb tsam pub lub micro-SIM yuav tau tshaj yav dhau los, loj nyeem ntawv SIM-phaib los ntawm kev siv yas notches. Lub apparatus twb tseem tsim rau koj khiav lag luam nyob rau tib lub ceev (5 MHz) raws li cov version yav dhau los. Lub loj tib yam thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg coj mus rau ntau tutorials, thiab YouTube yeeb yaj duab uas ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia rau yuav ua li cas mus txiav lub mini-SIM-card nyob rau hauv lub micro-SIM loj. Txawm li cas los, xws nkaus nyob rau hauv tsev tej zaum kuj ua rau lub fact tias raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov SIM card tsis phim lub ntaus ntawv los yog txawm ua worthless.

Nano-SIM

Daim ntawv qhia nano-SIM (los yog 4FF) twb hais kaum hli ntuj 11, 2012, thaum lub mobile pab nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws pib muab nws rau cov xov tooj uas txhawb hom ntawv no. Nano-SIM muaj qhov ntev ntawm 12.3 × 8.8 × 0,67 hli thiab txo lub yav dhau los hom rau cov kev sib cuag cheeb tsam, thaum tswj uas twb muaj lawm functions. Ib tug me me npoo ntawm insulating cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem nyob ib ncig ntawm cov kev sib cuag cheeb tsam yuav tsum tsis txhob luv luv circuits. Nano-SIM muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 0,67 hli piv rau 0,76 hli nyob rau hauv nws cov predecessors. 4FF card yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv lub adapter siv rau cov pab kiag li lawm tsim rau SIM-phaib 2FF los yog 3FF, thiab qhov no ua rau thinner, tiam sis muaj ntau lub xov tooj tuam txhab uas muag tsis pom zoo kom nws.

IPhone 5, tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 2012, yog thawj ntaus ntawv uas siv tshuab txais SIM phaib nano, uas ua raws li los ntawm lwm cov xov tooj.

Lub yavtom ntej tshiab tiam ntawm SIM phaib hu ua ESIM los yog eSIM (embeddedSIM), uas yog ib tug uas tsis yog-replaceable kev nti nyob rau hauv lub SON-8 pob - soldered ncaj qha mus rau hauv Circuit Court board. Nws yuav tsum tau M2M thiab tej thaj chaw deb mus rau lub SIM-card.