Xav: "luam duab - yog dab tsi?"

Nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev, thiab mus hnub no tseem tiaj tiaj dub daim txiag ntoo los txiav los ntawm lawv uncomplicated dluab. Ib tug ob peb cov tswv ntawm lub Soviet neeg khoom muag, thiab rau hnub no ntseeg tau hais tias lawv muaj tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, xa mus rau raws li prints. Tsis tau hais tias lawv yog nkaus tsis ncaj ncees lawm, tab sis hais txog rau tam sim no kos duab muaj yuav tsis muaj lo lus nug. Cia li sau - nws yog ntau npaum li cas nrug tswvyim tshaj no mas, muaj ntau yam. Soj ntsuam: luam duab - yog dab tsi?

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lo lus

Lo lus "sau" - ib tug Lavxias teb sab version ntawm lub sij hawm, npe rau peb los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, qhov twg nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub 14-15 th centuries (nyob rau hauv Fabkis estampe, Italian stampa), thiab twb tau ncaj qha mus txuas nrog rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm printing. Prints hu ua gravure los yog lwm yam tswv yim los ntawm cov template (luam daim ntawv no) nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv. Chiv, luam duab tsis yog ib tug self-muaj art daim ntawv no, tab sis tsuas yog ib tug kev txheej txheem duab tu tub tu kiv. Thiab lub sij hawm heev-siv, yuav tau los ntawm cov artist painstakingly thiab superior craftsmanship. Tab sis txij thaum ntawd los prints cov txheej txheem lossi tsim thiab zoo tuaj. Nws overgrown npaj txhij txog kev kawm, coj ib tug tshiab lawm, thiab vim hais tias tam sim no tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim los mus txiav txim lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus. Prints nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm - nws yog ib tug generalization ntawm cov npe ntawm ntau yam kev kos duab cov ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv hom prints

Sim kom to taub txog dab tsi rau tus txheej txheem ntawm engraving, peb tig thawj zaj dab neeg. Ua ntej cov duab sau rau ntawm daim ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau los yog engraved rau ib co hauv paus: ntoo, hlau, thiab lwm yam, pib tshwm thawj zaug woodcut, tom qab ntawd - nyob rau hauv tooj liab ... Thaum lub sij hawm, muaj lwm hom thiab zoo sib xws hom kev kawm. Convex thiab tob engraving - lawv technology txawv xwb nyob rau hauv yog xim dab tsi sau yuav phim lub grooves nyob rau hauv lub matrix board. Lithography - on ib tug ca saum npoo xim twb thov, thiab cov resultant sau yog feem ntau tsis muaj nyem. Tam sim no prints, nyob ntawm seb tus qauv ntawm lawv npaj, yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau ob peb hom: siab thiab gravure printing, tiaj printing, kev tshuaj ntsuam. Txhua yam ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv pab pawg. Wb tham txog qhov no ib tug me ntsis ntau.

Estampnaya lub sij hawm

Lub graphics nyob rau hauv Greek - yog nqus. Kis tom qab mus rau lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas cov duab - print. Tiam sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias prints ib co ancient, antediluvian kev txawj: qhov no zoo ntawm creativity nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws thiab yog nrov rau hnub no. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Mexico tsis tu ncua hosts kev sib tw, miv, pab xav lug tau sai dlua no nrov yam taw tes uas nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Tom qab saib cov hauj lwm ntawm lub zos ntxias teb rau lo lus nug: "luam duab - dab tsi yog nws" - yuav sound zoo li no: "luam duab - ib tug neej coj txuj ci ntawm cov artist thiab cov engraver." Tom qab tag nrho, lub tshuab ua hauj lwm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tsis tau hloov ntau npaum li cas. Nyob rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib ntawm khoom ntoo yog thov incisors yam txawv, thiab ces siv ib tug menyuam yog coated nrog number case. Ib tug piav qhia yog thov kom muaj ib lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib thiab ib daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv yog pressed tiv thaiv cov xovxwm. Prints yuav ua li cas ib tug ntau, thiab txhua leej txhua tus nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tsum tswv ib tug thawj.

etching

Thiab tsis tau rau lo lus nug "luam duab, yog dab tsi?" Yuav tsum tsis txhob Rush mus teb: "Khoom siv tes ua". Luam duab yog ib daim duab - uas tsis koom shunned txawm lub feem ntau eminent painters. Ib hom ntawm Sau - etching - los ua lub npe hu xws li los ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tej geniuses ntawm nws lub sij hawm, Rembrandt thiab Goya. Lo lus "etching" (los ntawm Fabkis lus Eau-forte, dej yog muaj zog, m. E. Nitric acid) txhais tau tias yog ib hom engraving rau ib tug hlau, txoj kev uas kom tau prints nrog printing ntaub ntawv pretreated nrog acids. Nyob rau hauv hlau koob board ua yog nqus, ces deepening daim duab caij yog kho kom zoo los ntawm cov hlau etching acids. Tom qab ntawd etched qhov chaw yog lawm ua tus sau nrog tus number case thiab sau rau ntawm tshwj xeeb cov cav tov sau rau ntawm moistened ntawv ntawm daim ntawv. Lub tshuab yog tsis yooj yim, tab sis cov! Nws etchings nto moo ntse heev Albrecht Dürer, tiam sis tib cov txheej txheem ua hauj lwm thiab ntau lwm tus neeg - lub npe hu los yog twb tsis nco qab lawm masters.

Hais txog serigraphy

Muaj txoj cai rau lo lus nug "luam duab nws yog dab tsi" thiab cov lus teb yuav tsum: "Screenprinting". Serigraphy los yog screen printing, cov ntawv xa mus rau cov qauv ntawm cov playback los yog duab nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug Stencil printing phaj, los ntawm kev uas number case twg thiaj li raug rau npaj cov ntaub ntawv uas rau lub hom phiaj no. Ib tug qauv uas siv ib tug emulsion yog npaum li cas zoo li printing duab. Tam sim no, screen printing yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov, txij li thaum feem ntau hauj. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm qhov kev siv yog suab limitless: los ntawm tej daim rau loj loj zog los ntawm ib daim qauv rau txhiab tus cov ntawv luam. Screen luam ntawv txoj kev yog muaj feem xyuam rau daim ntawv thiab textiles, rau ceramics thiab hluavtaws cov ntaub ntawv. Txhob lo lo ntxhuav kev tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv yog zoo tagnrho rau cov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom ntawm tag nrho cov nrhiav thiab destinies: poom, lam hwj, balloons ua los ntawm latex thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tab sis lub txhob lo lo ntxhuav kev tshuaj ntsuam tsis yog tsuas yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tswv yim tseem ceeb. Screenprinting - kuj yog ib tug heev interesting zoo ntawm cov kos duab uas ua nrov nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem. Tig mus rau nws txawm tej nto moo nuj nqis raws li Dzhekson Pollok thiab Fernan Lezhe, Endi Uorhol , thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam zoo kawg, tsis zoo sib xws rau txhua tus lwm yam masters. Lawv muaj pov thawj hais tias sau - nws yuav ua tau zoo kawg!