Tus ceev tshaj submarine nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tej yaam num submarines

Shock - nws yog peb txoj kev! Qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1971, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Soviet nuclear submarine (tactical tooj K-162, "Anchar" Project 661) nrog ib tug muaj zog raws li tej cuab yeej, titanium lub cev los ze zog mus rau lub siab tawv "Saratoga" txog ntsha. 6 strike aircraft carrier ntawm lub US Navy tau los rhuav xoob. Txawm li cas los, ib tug txawv txawv racer yooj yim zam lub txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm txawv teb chaws naval khoom, uas qhia nws lub ntsej muag. "Lagging qab" Cov pab neeg xav tsis thoob li thaum ib tug zoo kawg li ceev tuition. Tsuas yog tseem "prude" ceev tshaj submarine! Nws tsis yog thiab tsis yog nrog nws sib npaug nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm lub Guinness Phau Ntawv ntawm nws - tsis yog ib tug lo lus. Tub rog tsis pub leejtwg paub tsis tau sawv ntsug hype.

Koj pw, koj yuav tsis tawm!

Unrivaled txaus siab States warship ntawm lub "Lexington" los ntawm lub Mediterranean mus rau lub Atlantic chaw nres nkoj ntawm Miami, mus rau qhov chaw ntawm mus tas li txiag. Mam li nco dheev txawv teb chaws seamen tau pom: nyob rau hauv lub depths ntawm lawv tus thawj loj loj "whale" - lub submarine, qhov ntev ntawm uas yog commensurate nrog qhov loj ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv plaub plag tsev. Raws li nws muab tawm, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau kev khiav: lub sib sib zog nqus nkoj rau cov sij hawm effortlessly overtook cov cab kuj, uas sau 30 pob caus ntawd (55.56 km / h). Qhov no yog vim li: "Anchar" (K-162) tsim 44,7 cov pob caus ntawd (80.4 km / h).

Txaus hwj chim cia li ib tug turbine, kom txhij thiab muaj ib tug zoo heev ceev. Tus ceev tshaj submarine, ya raws li lub tsheb rau hauv txoj kev loj, nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw lub ntiaj teb kom ua li no, tsuas yog tsis pom. Tsis meej pem loj hlob soj ntsuam. Formidable "Laus Lady" (ib tug ntawm cov nicknames ntawm "Saratoga") ntsia kiag li tsis paub pab. Lub Soviet cov txheej txheem rau cov yeeb ncuab lub qhov muag pom tsis lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv ceev ntawm underwater zog. Thiab nws tsis yog States thiab cov teb chaws nyob rau hauv uas, raws li ib txhia, taug kev ntawm txoj kev bears.

dlej teb

Dazed tim khawv yuav tsis to taub: yuav ua li cas muaj peev xwm ib tug Lavxias teb sab "floating rounders" mus thov cov epithet "amazing ceev", "ceev tshaj plaws"? "Submarine tsis muaj txias"? Yog, tsis muaj zem lawv hais tias: zoo kuj ntseeg thiab ua dag tshaj yuav tsum tau dag, tsis ntseeg tias nws. Nws hloov tawm hais tias txawm ntau li ntau tau! Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1971 cov kev ceev ntawm 44.85 pob caus ntawd (83.05 km / h) yuav tsau rau Motovsky seem kab (cheeb tsam nqaum dej).

Yeej yuav tsum tau mus cuag nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm observers daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas cov hlab ntsha. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, peb hlub ua rau loj tog cov txheej xwm. Qhov no feat yuav coincide nrog lub qhib ntawm lub XXIV Congress ntawm lub CPSU. Cua daj cua dub pib, hydrologists twb tsis tau mus rau lub hiav txwv. Thaum cov huab cua yog tsim los pab, peb tau txiav txim siab tsis qhia. Thaum cua daj cua dub, nyob ib puas feem pua load peev xwm submarine nuclear reactors muab ib tug tshiab cov ntaub ntawv, cov tib 44,85 cov pob caus ntawd.

Thaum ua ob lub voj voog nyob rau hauv cov cua, nyob rau hauv lub thib peb kev sib ntsib teeb meem thiab voiced hais kom ua kom tsis txhob pheej hmoo xyaum ua tej yam. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv duab ntawm 44,7 twb muaj. Planck tseem tsis tau kov yeej. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab 70-ies ntawm XX xyoo pua, Soviet designers vam mus kom ntau lawm tagnrho, teeb li serial ntau lawm ntawm yam khoom tshiab. Tab sis qhov no tsis tshwm sim, txawm yog niaj hnub submarines ntawm lub sab qaum teb Fleet yog tsis mus txog rau ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo dhau los cov nuj nqis.

Vim hais tias ntawm tus nqi (nqi li cas rau 1% ntawm lub hwj chim kev siv nyiaj txiag feem pua) high-ceev "aircraft carrier killer" yog tus tsuas yog ib qho, cim thiab, raws li hais saum toj no, cov top-secret. Cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau xyoo twb coj tsis tau tag nrho cov tub rog cov neeg ua. Lub degree ntawm allergic rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm cov pej xeem pej xeem muaj peev xwm tsuas yog twv. Xijpeem, nws yog tus siab tawv teb ntawm socialism tiv thaiv cov capitalist "imperial tus cwj pwm zoo".

Peb mam li qhia koj gruel!

Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas thiab yog vim li cas twb yug los rau hauv lub ceev tshaj submarine. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tus mob khaub thuas ua tsov ua rog prevailed, tes, embody ob tug sib txawv nom tswv system, nruj nreem competed nyob rau hauv lub tsev riam phom. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XX caug xyoo, lub tebchaws United States tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb tub rog kev pab cuam. Muab koj bets rau lub tswv yim ntawm muaj tiag deterrence, ib feem ntawm uas yog ib tug dej hiav txwv uas zoo.

Offensive quab yuam hloov cov kev taw qhia txog lub ntsiab lub hwj chim, nws mus ib tug ntse mus los ntawm av mus rau hiav txwv. Lub system yog txaus siab los ntawm ib tug "floating airfields" - percussion pawg ntawm aircraft muaj. Lub teb chaws ntawm yeej socialism urgently yuav tsum tau tsis tsuas ib tug niaj hnub, tshiab cov khoom siv. Nws yog ib lo lus nug uas yog hais txog mus yuav tshwm sim ceev tshaj submarine. Lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo loj ships tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus teev: lub kuj tsis ntev los no tsov rog tau tuag lawm cia rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub motherland los ntawm Nazi invaders. Lub teb chaws no NW nyuam qhuav recovering los ntawm lub devastation. Cov tawm los twb pom: lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev txiav txim siab los qhia txhua leej txhua tus gruel ntseeg raws li unsurpassed submarine fleet.

Babahnut zoo txoj cai tawm hauv lub depths

Prominently kev txhim kho ntawm Soviet tub rog cov khoom tau muab ua ntej, yuav ua li cas puas tau tus ceev tshaj plaws submarine. Nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb ntawm tawv confrontation, nyob rau hauv lub wake ntawm ib tug dej hiav txwv zoo qhov yuav tsum tau nyob hauv nws qhov siab. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub submarine tus qauv sixties lub Soviet Union muaj ib tug loj drawback: lub missile yuav tsum launched rau ntaus ib lub hom phiaj tsuas yog thaum nce los ntawm ib tug tob, tom qab surfacing.

Feem ntau nws yog nyob rau hauv no txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub submarine "illuminates" tus yeeb ncuab thiab puas (yog tias koj tsis muaj lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm "unyrnut"). Tsis ntev, qhov "Amethyst" - missile system uas yuav pib los ntawm lub depths shrouded nyob rau hauv yeej. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm lub designer ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij thiab qhov chaw technology Vladimir Chelomeya (yees duab saum toj no). Novelty tam sim ntawd tau txais, txawm hais tias tus kev sib ntaus los luj ntawm lub taub hau yuav me me raws li lub firing ntau yam. Tag nrho cov seemingly tsis zoo yam raug offset los ntawm ib tug cia nrog tau mus thov ib tug thaum surprise nres.

tsis pub leejtwg paub lub hom phiaj

Nws twb assumed tias lossi tsiv lub hom phiaj yuav kom khiav ntawm lub tag nrho-pom "muag" ntawm siv yooj yim tswj thiab taw qhia system. Qhov no simplifies cov hauj lwm ntawm kev zam qhov muab saib xyuas cov hlab ntsha (ships escort) ib tug ua tau tus yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau board los mounted ncaj qha kaum aircraft missiles (cruise cuaj luaj) P-70. Raws li cov huab cua uas yuav tsum tau feem ntau haib submarine! Cov nkoj uas nyob hauv ntiaj teb no uas yuav ntsaub thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv dej, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj tej yam yuav tsis yuav "clones" ntawm cov neeg sib tw.

Yuav kom ua hauj lwm attracted tsis txawm pua pua, tab sis txhiab ntawm cov tub txawg, lawv tag nrho cov kos npe rau ib cog lus tsis qhia lub xeev secrets. Tsim kev daws teeb meem uas tau muab los siv, swept cia tseg ib zaug: lub submarine tau yug los rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Lawv teem rau ib tug ntau yam cruise missile nrog ib tug zoo nkauj lub npe "Amethyst". Nws yog me me - eighty kilometers. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav dynamically haum rau lub submarine floating rau airfields nres deb yuav tsum tau mus txais vaj txiaj ntsim nws nrog high-ceev tuition (equated mus rau ib tug torpedo).

Feature-nplua nuj thiab ergonomic

Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm nro thiab paub tsis meej yug qhov zoo tshaj plaws submarine. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, tsis muaj ib tug paub lub npe ntawm lub qhov project saib xyuas. Indisputable scientific cai, upscale specialist shipbuilder Academician Nikolai Isanin (raws li thaum lub sij hawm lub zoo-paub designer ntawm spacecraft "Vostok" Sergei Korolev) yog ib daim duab mas txwv kom muab zais. Nyob rau hauv nws nruj thiab austere pib ntawm pab neeg ua hauj lwm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub moos. Nyob rau tej theem, cov coj noj coj raug coj tshaj los ntawm Nikolai Shulzhenko. Painstaking zog ua hauj lwm tau coj nplua nuj txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1960, yav tom ntej submarine project yog npaj txhij. Number of avant-garde kev daws teeb meem "off scale" - 398: ib kauj log zoo li ib lub dav hlau, tej thaj chaw deb tswj, lub koob yees duab, cov khoom, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, feem ntau check titanium lub cev, uas yog ua nyob rau Severodvinsk "Sevmash" nyob rau hauv 1962. K-162 nws tus kheej twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv tib lub enterprise nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1963 (serial tooj 501). Ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm yog muab rau ergonomics.

Plaub tej zaum ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb

Zog yog muab los ntawm ob nuclear reactors. Project 661 muaj paroenergeticheskuyu ob-ncej tsev (40,000 horsepower txhua, nyob rau hauv 2-quav ntau tshaj li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov domestic thiab txawv teb chaws "lug txhawb cov miv"). Lom zem ntau vim hais tias ntawm no twb yeej lub title ntawm "tus ceev tshaj submarine." Nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb nyob qhov twg lub tiaj atom tsuas masters, qauv khoom ntawm lub verge ntawm cov ntawv tseeb muab peb lub teb chaws cog qoob loo.

Nuclear roj nyob rau hauv reactors yuav txaus rau plaub circumnavigation sailing (nyob ntau dua efficiency thiab kev nyab xeeb). "Celebrity Biography" ntawm yav dhau los nyob rau hauv luv luv: nkoj (los ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 1978 twb teev nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim zoo pes tsawg K-222) twb muab tso rau hauv cov dej nyob rau hauv 1968; them nyob rau hauv 1988; thaum kawg pov tseg ntawm nyob rau hauv 2010 nyob rau hauv "Sevmash".

Lub suab nrov yog tsis zoo

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws submarine nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yuav tsis tau loj-ua tsis tau rau ob peb yog vim li cas. Cool titanium cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv huab complexity ntawm siv thiab ua. Los ntawm kawg ntawm tus 80s ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua yog obsolete cuaj luaj P-70 "Amethyst" (lub ntsiab riam phom). Tej zaum tus yeeb ncuab tau tsim tshiab nrhiav kom tau kiag li lawm. Hydroacoustic system nrog ib tug high degree guarantees yooj yim nrhiav tau qhov chaw ntawm lub K-162 (K-222). Qhov teeb meem no yog nyuab los ntawm lub siab suab nrov "Anchar".

Tsim anti-submarine aircraft. Nyob rau hauv ib tug nroo, "tus ntses loj" Oceans (Soviet sailors ntawm tus nqi thiab briskness nkoj hu ua "Goldfish") yog tsis tshua kom ciaj sia. Nws yuav zoo li, siv, uas pib nyob rau hauv 2008 - ib tug dog dig kev tshwm sim. Noob neej tsis tau yees ua ib tug perpetual tsab ntawv tsa suab tshuab. Tag nrho cov muaj ib tug los mus rau hauv disrepair. Tab sis nws yog tus tsuas yog ib tug tau zus ib, leej twg yuav los ua ib tug tsev cia puav pheej ntawm kev tsim kev kawm, engineering. Tsis tau dim.

bylem overgrown

K-222 mus rau seem raws li ib tug xeb los yog cov laus txaj txiag. Thiab no submarine, nruab nrog lub system "Sigma-661" (vseshirotnaya), "Rada-1", "Nichrome" (txhais tau hais tias tus kwv belongs rau ib lub xeev), cov cab kuj sonar system "Ruby"! Rau - tsis txhob tsim ... Yog ib lub tswv yim hnub no yuav ua rau kom lub koob meej ntawm ib tug zoo kawg nkaus neeg mus ncig tebchaws lo lus uas peb.

Tom qab ib tug ntev ntawm muaj tej daim card "hais" rau ib tug ntau ntawm nthuav tej yam hais txog nws nyuaj habitation feem ntau haib submarine. Muaj tsis muaj ntau yam thiaj li txuj ci tseem ceeb, li no mas. Neeg nyiam heev ntawm cov kos duab ntseeg tau hais tias "Anchar" yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau txawv txawv khoom thiab phenomena. Kev titanium lug yog tseem siv nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev siv (685, 705, 945, 945A, thiab lwm tus neeg.) Thiab "Amethyst" missile yog tseem pab tau rau tej nkoj nquam "Skat" (ua nyob rau hauv peb tes num 670).