Dav hlau "Dawb Swan" Tu-160: hauj lwm, specifications,

Lavxias teb sab dav hlau "Dawb Swan" - ib tug tshuab tsim Tupolev belongs rau lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov tub rog aircraft. Kuv sau thaum lub sij hawm lub Union. Ob peb lub tsheb thiab ua hauj lwm rau hnub no. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm cov qauv no yog lub nce mus nce los geometry tis. Cov chav kawm ntawv no ntawm caj npab hais txog cov bombers. Zoo li tag nrho cov Tupolev machines, kuv tau txais nws cov "TU" nyob rau hauv lub title. Tag nrho cov npe Kev ntaub ntawv - Tu-160.

Thaum lub caij, lub aircraft ntau lawm ho tsum lawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xov xwm los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm muaj taug xaiv tias nws yuav tsum renewed, noj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov nrhav thiab cov uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no hnub.

Kom npe ...

Dav hlau "Dawb Swan" - lub xwb chav kawm ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab chaw ua dav hlua, tau txais nws lub npe. Tej zaum qhov no yog vim lub fact tias xws li aircraft nyob rau hauv Russia yog tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas. Tej zaum nws yog nyob rau hauv exclusivity, tab sis txhua tus "Dawb Swan" kuj muaj nws tus kheej lub npe. Cov no yog cov npe nto moo pilots (Tu-160 "Valery Chkalov") fairytale heroes (Tu-160 "Ilya Muromets"), los yog zoo-paub designers thiab champions.

18

Interestingly, lub tsheb nrog rau-board "18" nyob rau hauv lub CB muaj ob tug xov tooj. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib chav tsev tau txais thawj davhlau qauv. Nws ya mus rau 18 Hlis ntuj nqeg 1981. Qhov thib ob lub dav hlau sau rau zoo li qub thwmsim, thiab nws twb tsis tsa nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Tus tom ntej aircraft (peb) kuj los ua ib tug sib ntaus qauv.

Qhov thib ob lub tsheb nrog ib tug onboard "18" xov tooj tuaj tom qab pib ntawm serial ntau lawm. Nws tau txais nws tus kheej lub npe "Andrei Tupolev." Raws li cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus (Kazan) twb dhau teem sij hawm restoration nyob rau hauv 2013.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia lub sij hawm uas lub tswv yim dav hlau, "Dawb Swan", raws li nws hu ua ces, yog tsim nyog ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj, thiab twb tsim tau tsuas yog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub Soviet Union, yog li lub tswvyim ntawm seriality no koj yuav tau siv ib lub stretch. Export cov qauv no yog tsis nkag.

Seb yaj yog loj?

Ua ntej cov tswv yim ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub davhlau yam ntxwv thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm riam phom, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias, tsis zoo li lwm yam uas tsis serial qauv, ntawm no qhov teeb meem no yog sib txawv. Xav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam aircraft, "Dawb Swan" nyob rau hauv Russia, nws tej zaum yuav recalled hais tias lub tsheb pib sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm lub Union thiab tej zaum yuav sau rau hnub no, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug union. Tiam sis nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Union lawm scale los ua ke thiab nres no. Yog li ntawd, nws sau ib tug tag nrho ntawm 35 cov cav tov twb tau yuav tsum to taub nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nyob rau hauv lawv - ib tug kev txiav txim ntawm qhov ntau tsawg. Tab sis raws li ib co xov xwm qhia, lub Lavxias teb sab kws muaj txuj ci Ministry npaj rau kev mus kom cov "kuab" fleet rau 50 units. Nrog rau qhov no yog qhov Modernization ntawm cov laus cov cav tov, raws li zoo li tshiab ua txoj kev loj hlob.

Thaum pom tias qhov teeb meem no hnub no, peb tig mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm creation, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm riam phom thiab lwm yam lus, tsis muaj uas cov tub rog aircraft "Dawb Swan" tsuas yuav tsis muaj nyob, los yog yuav muaj tau txawv heev. Tseeb, chiv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab developers muaj yog tsis Tupolev. Tiam sis ua ntej tej yam uas ua ntej.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub "Dawb Swan"

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab 70-ies nyob rau hauv lub Union cai haib tuition rau nuclear nres, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm luaj lub backlog nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv uas xaiv yaam aviation. Qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov xyoo tsuas yog subsonic bombers yog tsis muaj peev xwm kis tau los ntawm tus tiv thaiv liam tw. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1967 lub Soviet tsoom fwv tso ib tug decree ntawm lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug "tshiab, xaiv yaam multi-hom aircraft." Kev loj hlob ntawm peb tes num thiab nyeem nyob rau hauv qhuav Myasishcheva Bureau. Tupolev thaum lub sij hawm muaj lwm yam kev txiav txim, yog li ntawd lub aircraft tsis koom. Nws yog noteworthy uas los ntawm tsim muaj ib qho sib txawv kiag li cov dav hlau, ob lub Bureau pom zoo rau ib yam - nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tej yaam num figured nce mus nce los cheb tis.

Tshiab aircraft designs

Yog li Sukhoi repels lub version ntawm T-4, yav tas los uas tsim los ntawm lawv, thiab Myasischev mus rau lwm txoj kev - lub chaw khaws tsim multimode bomber missile M-20. Koj yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias ob versions npaj thiab lwm yam kev hloov kho - antisubmarine aircraft los yog high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft.

Tupolev kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv 1969, tom qab cov cua Force yog saib lub hom phiaj thiab assigns ib lub sij hawm ncej. Nco ntsoov tias Tupolev muaj ib tug kom zoo dua li cov neeg sib tw - TR-144, cov supersonic neeg nrog caij airliner. Nws txoj kev loj hlob tau tso cai kom daws tau qhov yooj yim teeb meem ntawm kws tshuaj thiab supersonic davhlau. Koj yuav tau hais txog cov neeg Tu-22M, lub drafting ntawm uas tau raug kuaj tshiab riam phom systems thiab navigation khoom. Project tso lawv feem ntau zoo li khees me ntsis lawm Tu-144 thiab tsis rub rau lub dav hlau, "Dawb Swan". Yam ntxwv ntawm nws kev lom zem ntau dua tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub 144 th, tab sis muaj ib co qhov chaw tshiab mus ua txhaum nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm Tu-22M.

Qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus "Dawb Swan"

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias Cua Dag Zog Yuam tau paub qhov zoo tshaj plaws version ntawm Sukhoi - tus tshiab bomber T-4m, tab sis suhovtsy nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm pib mus tsim lub T-10 (zoo dua lub npe hu ua lub SS-27), thiab cov kev hloov mus rau ib tug hnyav aircraft yuav raug ncua nws txoj kev loj hlob rau ib tug tas mus li lub sij hawm. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog tau saws lub "Solomonic tshuaj". Suhovtsy txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm rau ib tug fighter, tab sis tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub T-4m kis Tupolev, uas coj cov aircraft rau series ntau lawm.

Tej zaum qhov no yuav tej yaam num thiab tshaj, thiab cov tshiab lub dav hlau "Dawb Swan" yuav tsum renamed lub T-4m, tab sis Tupolev txiav txim siab txawv. Nws muab cov ntaub ntawv thiab txiav txim siab mus ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab aircraft nrog nce mus nce los cheb tis. Layout tsau tis yog tsis nce. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias Cua Dag Zog Yuam tau lub npe hu ob yooj yim uas yuav tsum tau - transonic davhlau thaum uas tsis muaj qhov chaw siab tshaj los yog subsonic ntawm loj. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau cov tseem tej yam kev mob thiab lub aircraft nyob, uas tom qab tau txais cov code npe ntawm tus Tu-160M. "M" nyob rau hauv qhov ntsiab lus teb meant ib modernized version hauv daim ntawv thov tshiab technologies thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Ces pib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab propulsion systems, chassis, xyaw thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub dav hlau "Dawb Swan" tau txais cov khoom los ntawm ntau tshaj 500 cov koom haum nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb.

"Lub os dej dawb" thiab kev hloov kho

Txawm tias ib tug es tsis yooj yim txoj hmoo ntawm lub Tu-160, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub hauv paus qauv, muaj kuj tsim ib tug ntau yam ntawm 4 160th differing txawv indices thiab npaj rau txawv hom phiaj, raws li zoo raws li tus qauv ntawm lub Tu-161, uas muaj ib tug dav fuselage vim txoj kev siv cov tshuab rau kua hydrogen.

Yog li, lub tsim qauv ntawm lub Tu-160PP - aircraft avionics interception. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau ib tug full-size layout thiab lub ntsiab ntawm qhov tsim nyog cov khoom, tsis muaj ntxiv txiav txim tsis yog. Tu-160P tab sis rockets yuav tsum tau hnyav fighter. Model NC-74 (TU-160) yuav tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb, ntau haib propulsion systems uas yuav muaj ib tug zoo feem nyob rau ntau yam. Thaum kawg, lub Tu-160K tau yuav tsuas yog nyob rau daim ntawv - foob pob ua ntxaij complex project.

Davhlau cov ntaub ntawv thiab ceev

Yuav ua li cas sau ntawv xyuas nyob rau hauv Internet, feem ntau haib, lub feem ntau nyuaj, qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub dav hlau "Dawb Swan". Feature davhlau ntaub ntawv :. Wingspan 35-55 m Nyob rau hauv no tis cheeb tsam tseem unchanged ntawm 232 sq. m Service qab nthab - 21 km. (kev sib piv, lub caij npav thaiv liner yuav sawv mus rau 11.5). Lub duration ntawm lub davhlau tej zaum yuav ntau dua li 15 teev tsis refueling nyob rau hauv sib ntaus nws yog 12 500 km. Combat voos kheej-kheej ntawm 5,000 km.

Lub aircraft ua los ntawm ib tug neeg coob ntawm 4, thiab cov neeg coob neeg muaj lub sij hawm mus sawv ntsug, ncab lawv ob txhais ceg. Zuag qhia tag nrho ntev 50 m, qhov siab - 13 on board ib tug me me chav ua noj thiab ib chav dej. Tsav 4 yog nias rau cov fuselage, ib khub rau txhua sab, yog tau tsim thrust rau 18000 kgf afterburner hom yog tau nyem 25000.

Muab hais tias cov BBC commissioned mus sib sau ua ke ib qho aircraft muaj peev xwm ntawm supersonic ceev nyem (raws li xws li ua ntej lub Union yog tau nyem tawm xwb TU-144) - supersonic airliner, cov kev ceev ntawm lub aircraft, "Dawb Swan" rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm tau qhov kev kawm ntawm controversy. Txawm li cas los cruising ceev yog 920 km / h, thiab nce mus txog ib tug txwv ntawm 2300 km / teev. Ceev nyob rau hauv sawv 4000 m / feeb. Yuav kom tau tawm lub tshuab yuav tsum tau qhab ntev ntawm tsawg kawg yog 800 m, yuav zaum rau ntawm lub band ntev ntawm tsawg kawg yog 2 km.

weaponry

Nws tseem mus piav qhia txog ib tug ntau nthuav dav uas yog yeej ib txwm hais thaum tham txog tub rog tsheb, uas yog lub "Dawb Swan". Lub dav hlau, uas yuav tsum tau nrhiav riam phom tshaj tus yeeb ncuab chaw uas zoo heev - ces koj yuav hais txog lub bomber. Tab sis ntawm no yog lub "os dej dawb" tsis tas yuav tshwm sim tshaj yeeb ncuab chaw uas zoo heev.

Raws li ib tug xaiv yaam bomber Tu-160 kuj muaj lub sij hawm mus siv cruise cuaj luaj. Siv yuav ua tau 2 yam. Qhov no X-55SM siv los ntaus lub hom phaj muaj coj coordinates (phiaj coordinates yog muab ntaus rau hauv lub cim xeeb blocks missile ua ntej ncaim ntawm lub aircraft). Nyob rau hauv lub davhlau, koj yuav siv tau mus txog rau 12 cuaj luaj. Los yog X-15C yog tsim los defeat lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua nyob ze - on board yuav coj 24 cuaj luaj ntawm no hom.

Nws yog nthuav tias tom qab txawj tej yam ntxiv cuaj luaj los ua lub ntsiab - siv tej tawg hem launchers yuav tau tua. Tej tawg hem yuav siv naval mines, nuclear tawg hem los yog pawg bombs. Ntxiv Modernization ntawm uas twb muaj lawm machines cia tus siv X-101 thiab X-555 - lub newest missile, tsim kom muaj zog ntau yam thiab lub hom phiaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv, tsis hais txog ntawm seb lawv yog cov terrestrial los yog marine.

xaus

Raws li feem ntau cov kws txawj, lub dav hlau "Dawb Swan" ob peb zaug ua ntej ntawm nws cov ntsiab rivals, lub US B-1 thiab cov kawm lus Askiv fighter Typhoon. Davhlau ntau Tu-160M (upgraded) 4 lub sij hawm ntau dua Brit tooj ntawm tej tawg hem kuj ob peb lub sij hawm ntau dua. Efficiency xyaw zoo dua cov lus Askiv version. sib ntaus ceev ntau dua li cov American 1.5 lub sij hawm ntau thiab kev sib ntaus los voos kheej-kheej saum toj no 1.5. Traction motors ze li ntawm 2 lub sij hawm muaj zog. Yog hais tias muab piv rau lub B-2 (upgrade B-1), cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas yog trimmed, peb txog qhov twg ua tau, tus Tu-160 yuav zoo tshaj plaws rau tej parameter.