3M dav hlau: lub keeb kwm ntawm creation thiab kev loj hlob, kev specifications

3M dav hlau - Soviet xaiv yaam bomber, uas tau ua hauj lwm rau txog plaub lub xyoo lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm no aircraft muaj ib tug ntau ntawm txawv cov txheej xwm. Nws thiaj li tau txais ib tug tov lub koob npe nrov. Ib txhia hu no aircraft thaum muaj xwm ceev qauv, thaum lwm tus neeg xav txog nws ib tug zoo zoo. Xijpeem, 3M aircraft, keeb kwm ntawm cov uas tau qhov kev kawm ntawm peb cov kev sib tham, tsim nyog saib xyuas raws li ib tug loj heev peb tes num ntawm Soviet aircraft.

KEEB KWM NTAWM LUB

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1940s, thaum muaj ib tug nuclear riam phom, nws tau los ua tsim nyog nyob rau hauv nws cov tsheb thauj mus los thiab mobile me nyuam mus rau qhov kev kawm qhov chaw. Tub rog complex xav tau ib tug bomber hais tias tus yam ntxwv yuav ntau tshaj cov muaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tus qauv yog 1.5-2 lub sij hawm. Yog li ntawd lub tswvyim uas xaiv yaam bomber twb tsim. America pib tsim cov aircraft ua ntej. Nyob rau hauv 1946, cia li muaj ob American aviation lub tuam txhab - "Boeing" thiab "Convair" - koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tswv yim bomber. Yog li ntawd, cov thawj davhlau nyob rau hauv 1952 ua aircraft B-52 thiab B-60. Ob leeg ua qauv txawv los ntawm lawv cov predecessors ib siab qab nthab thiab impressive ceev thiab ntau yam.

Pib ntawm kev loj hlob

Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union launched ib tug zoo li txoj kev loj hlob nrog ib tug tseem ceeb kev ncua. Nws tag nrho cov pib nrog lub fact tias cov designer B. Myasischev, ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub Moscow Aviation lub koom haum, pom tias tias tsoom fwv tsim tau ib lub tswv yim bomber tau ya mus rau 12,000 kis lus mev. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv kev sib tham nrog cov kws txawj, Stalin txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej lub luag hauj lwm haj yam tso siab Myasishcheva txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws npaj aircraft, tiam sis cuab nruj deadlines. Txoj kev loj hlob yog yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav Tej zaum 24, 1951. Council ntawm Ministries ntawm lub USSR kom siv rau ntawm lub aircraft recreated tom qab lub kaw ntawm lub OKB-23 DAIM NTAWV QHIA. Chief designer los ua Myasischev. Tsis ntev Cua Dag Zog Yuam commander nyob rau hauv Hmoob ntawm lub tswv yim thiab kev uas yuav tsum tau ntawm lub tshuab tau pom zoo. Ntau ntau yam yog yuav tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li 12 txhiab kilometers nrog lub foob pob load ntawm 5 tons. Lub aircraft yuav tsum tau ya ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 900 km / h nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 9 kilometers.

Lub sij hawm faib mus tsim thiab tsim ib tug bomber rau "Project 25" (raws li nws yog hu ua thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob), uas cog noob los ntawm tus tsim chaw khaws ntawm kev koom tes nrog ob peb lwm cov koom haum nyob rau hauv lub lag luam: tsim ua lwm yam chaw ua hauj lwm, kev tshawb fawb institutes thiab factories.

Tus thawj tsim

Tus thawj aircraft twb ua sketches L. Selyakov - nws muaj lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov designer, aerodynamics thiab prochnista ib txhij. B. Myasischev lub sij hawm koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm kev sib cais, departments thiab pab ua ke. Cov pab neeg raug tsim nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov bomber. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv sketch project twb npaj thiab pom zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tsim ntau lawm technology, feem ntau vim hais tias cov Soviet Union tsis muab tej lub loj loj thiab hnyav aircraft. Rau ib lub tshuab uas yuav tsum tau tshiab ntau thiab tsawg pab nrhiav thiab cov ntaub ntawv, raws li zoo raws li lub nomenclature.

Lub bomber yuav tsum tau muaj zoo aerodynamic ua tau zoo, mus tsim ntau ceev thiab yuav raws li tej teeb li sai tau. Cov designers them ntau xim rau cov duab ntawm lub tis. Rau cov thawj rau lub hlis ntawm txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cua qhov TsAGI mus kuaj ib ntau yam ntawm cov qauv, kom txog rau thaum nws twb pom pom. Tsim tis yog kuj teeb, muaj ib tug saj zawg zog kawg feem thiab decompression ua los ntawm cov qauv. Nws yog zoo mus tiv thaiv tus Flutter. Cov tis paus tsis muaj tsev nyob motors, txhua muaj ib qho huab cua kom tsawg. Nrog nws yuav tshem tawm cov kev sib nrig sib ntxwv ntawm lub cav thaum kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau hom. Nozzles tau deployed nyob rau hauv lub kab rov tav thiab ntsug dav hlau ntawm 4 degrees. Qhov kev ntsuas no yog tsim nyog rau kev tshem tawm ntawm lub kub roj dav hlau los ntawm lub fuselage thiab empennage.

cov khoom

Fais fab nroj tsuag bomber muaj plaub Mikulino haib dav hlau engine siv. Lawv pas nrig yog 8700 Kg. Nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov fais fab nroj tsuag twv tau ua rau siab tshaj plaws kev ntseeg. Los ntawm txoj kev, raws li mus rau tus thawj tsim, lub aircraft twb nruab nrog peb xyaw nrog ib tug thrust ntawm 13,000 kgf. Txawm li cas los, OKB Dobrynin twb tsis muaj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm los npaj prototypes ntawm cov tshuab.

Peb kuj yuav tsum hais txog cov neeg xaiv xaiv designers bomber chassis. Yuav kom kawm puab ntawm lub zog ntawm xws li ib tug hnyav aircraft rau cov tso mam li pawv ib tug tshwj xeeb cov kws muaj txuj pab pawg neeg tau raug tsa. Chiv xam tau tias yog ob peb schemes chassis: tus txheej txheem nrog peb ob txhais ceg, multisupporting thiab cycling. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xeem nws tus kheej yog zoo tshaj plaws qhia chassis tsim los ntawm lub cycling tswvyim pem hauv ntej "vzdyblivayuscheysya" trolley thiab sab struts txheej txheem rau hauv lub xaus ntawm lub tis. Lub dav hlau twb mus ncig tsis tshee rau lub tso mam li pawv thiab coj tawm mus rau lub yam ntev los ntawm kev coj ib tug khiav pib.

Mob taub hau khub log mounted rau ib tug hauv pem hauv ntej trolley, taw qhia kom paub thaum ib tug me me lub ntau yam (15 + ^0). Thaum cov khub muab, cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog trolleys hloov, thiab tom qab nws tau hloov thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tag nrho lub aircraft. Nyob rau hauv "vzdyblivaniya" hom, pem hauv ntej khub log ua unmanageable. Thaum lub theem kawg ntawm lub takeoff ntawm lub aircraft lub qhov ntswg yog tsa thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm nres zog. Kev Koom Tes nyob rau hauv lub tsav takeoff yog tsawg heev. Qhov no tswvyim soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ya laboratory "Tu-4", tricycle tsaws iav uas uas hloov lub tsheb tuam. Muaj kuj yog ib tug qauv ntawm cais electrically ua trolleys. Tej chassis kuaj underwent ib tug tag nrho complex ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas thiab paub tseeb hais tias nws ntsuam rau kev siv nyob rau hauv ib tug bomber.

Aircraft foob pob load yog 24 tons thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws caliber bombs - 9000 kg. Tsaug rau radar pom ntawm lub BPM-4 twb muab precision bombing. Nyob rau hauv lub bomber yog ib tug zoo nkauj haib riam phom rau kev tiv thaiv. Nws muaj rau automatic phom caliber 23 hli. Lawv tau muab tso rau peb officers ntawm teb units rau hauv lub Upper, qis thiab rear fuselage. Cov neeg coob, muaj raws ntawm yim neeg, tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv ob Pa alarm. Rooj zaum ntiab tawm downward los ntawm hatches.

xeem

Los ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1952 lub bomber tsab ua tau. Lub ib hlis ntuj 20 xyoo tom ntej no, lub tsheb rau thawj lub sij hawm tsa nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Davhlau xeem tsav los ntawm F. Opadchiy. Txij hnub ntawd los pib nyob puv ceev Hoobkas qauv kev ntsuam xyuas. Lawv lasted kom txog thaum lub Plaub Hlis 15, 1954. Qhov kev ncua yog vim tus bulkiness thiab cov complexity ntawm qhov kev xeem.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws davhlau luj ntawm lub aircraft li cas 181,5 tons. Nws ceev nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 6700 m yog sib npaug zos rau 947 kilometers moos. Service qab nthab (ntau ntau yam) thiab ib tug luj ntawm 138 tons yog 12,500 meters. Designers tswj mus rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib cov loj loj ntim ntawm cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam. Lawv muab tso rau 132 390 litres ntawm cov roj. Txawm li cas los, lub siab tshaj plaws xwb twb tag rau 123600 liters.

Nyob rau hauv 1954, ib tug xeem tau kev cob cog rua ob chiv keeb, uas yog zog mus rau 1 m qhov ntswg feem, ib tug loj tis cheeb tsam thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam me kev hloov kho. Engineers tau pib los npaj rau loj zus tau tej cov bomber. By lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus designer Myasishcheva tshuab lub npe hu ua "dav hlau M". "3M" - code uas tau muab rau cov qauv tom qab. Tab sis, thaum xub thawj, nws twb hu ua M-4.

Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tsis zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev. Nyob rau feem ntau aircraft kev kawm siab nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog rau cov lus qhia, tab sis lub ntsiab kev thov - lub siab tshaj plaws ntau yam uas muaj 5 tons ntawm tej tawg hem rau lub rooj tsavxwm - nws yuav tsis tau raws li. Tom qab ob peb koos bomber tseem tau txais. Tab sis cov nqe lus nug ntawm txaus los khi davhlau ntau tseem qhib.

refinements

Yuav kom daws tau cov saum toj no qhov teeb meem, ib tug bomber rau ib tug ntau haib thiab tsis tau yig xyaw RD-3M, uas tau tsim P. Barb. Bomber nrog ib tug tshiab fais fab nroj tsuag tau txais index "3M". Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub motors yog hloov versions ntawm AM-3A xyaw. Traction rau siab kawg muaj peev xwm twb tau nce mus 9500 kgf. Ntxiv mus, installation ntawm RD-3M muaj ib qho xwm ceev hom, uas nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog hwj chim nce mus rau 10 500kGs lwm yam. Nrog xws hwj chim khoom 3M dav hlau mus txog speeds ntawm 930 km / h thiab ya tsis tau cheem deb li cas los 8100 km.

Nyob rau hauv no nrhiav cib fim mus kom lub davhlau ntau yog tsis tas. Qhov thib ob xeem version nruab nrog refuelling system tsim los ntawm OKB Alekseev. Nws nyob "pas nrig" tau txais ib tug roj saum toj no lub cockpit. Zoo tanker nruab nrog ib tug ntxiv tank, siv cov khoom thiab ib tug winch.

Thaum lub aircraft twb tsim 3M Myasishcheva thaum uas tig mus ua hauj lwm twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws cov high-sawv version, uas tau txais cov ua hauj lwm npe ntawm 2 m. Nws yog designers teem tawm mus nrhiav kom tau ib zaug plaub turbojet engine HP-5 - nyob rau pylons nyob rau hauv lub tis sib cais. Txawm li cas los, tus tsim ntawm "high altitude" nres txij li thaum version 3M muaj peev xwm mus cuag nws tsim yam ntxwv.

3M Cua: txoj kev loj hlob

Dua li ntawm qhov kev kawm zoo, tus qauv tau txuas ntxiv mus rau evolve. Lub peb hlis ntuj 27, 1956 thawj davhlau nyob rau 3M tsheb. Lub aircraft tau txais tshiab xyaw VD-7, uas muaj ib tug thrust ntawm 11,000 kgf. Txawm li cas los, lawv tiv kev txom nyem thiab tsawg tsawg siv roj. Ua ntej, lub dav hlau yog txawm peem rau nrog ob tug tshiab xyaw, thiab los ntawm 1957 - tag nrho plaub. Los ntawm cov installation ntawm tus tshiab configuration ntawm cov tis thiab cov kev txhim kho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab rov tav Tsov tus tw aerodynamic zoo tshaj ntawm cov aircraft nce noticeably. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub volume twb tau nce roj tso tsheb hlau luam. Nws muaj kev tswj kom ua tau qhov no, xws li los ntawm cov outboard tso tsheb hlau luam. Ob tug ntawm lawv raug dai nyob rau hauv lub foob pob bay (yog hais tias tus foob pob load yog tau tso cai), thiab ob lwm tus - nyob rau hauv lub tis, nruab nrab ntawm lub motors.

3M dav hlau, tus yam ntxwv uas peb sib tham txog hnub no, tau txais ib tug khaub-ncaws nyias tsim. Txawm li cas los, nws hnyav tseem sawv mus rau 193 tons, thiab nrog nco tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab txawm ntau - mus txog rau 202 tons. Thaum lub sij hawm, pem hauv ntej ib feem ntawm lub fuselage tau pom ib tug tshiab layout. Muaj tau tsiv lub kav hlau txais xov lub chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub fuselage qhov ntswg ib feem, uas tau raug ncua los ntawm 1 'meter'. Nrog tus tshiab navigation khoom 3M aircraft yuav ua zoo bombing ntawm siab altitude ntawm txhua lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov kev txhim kho tau coj mus rau lub fact tias cov ntau ntau yam, piv rau yav dhau los versions, muaj ntau zog los 40%. Muaj ib tug refuelling, nco tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ib tug tshaj plaws pob load no daim duab zoo tshaj 15,000 km. Yuav tsum yeej xwb xws li ib tug deb li cas, lub aircraft twb mus yuav txog 20 teev. Yog li, muaj ib lub zeem muag ntawm kev siv nws li ib tug intercontinental bomber. 3M aircraft yog precisely lub tshuab uas Ameslikas xav tsim Myasischev noj rau ntau lub luag hauj lwm, thiab kev pab los ntawm Stalin.

Lwm interesting zoo 3M yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws yuav siv tau raws li ib tug ntev-ntau maritime torpedo. Torpedoes nkag mus hauv lub neeg ua hauj lwm complement ntawm riam phom, tab sis lawv yog siv heev tsis tshua muaj. Cov ntsuam xyuas thawj zaug tau nqa tawm tim ntug kev xaiv bomber tseem nyob rau ntawm lub tsab M-4.

3M aircraft Merit

Dav hlau tom qab tsis ntev los no kev txhim kho tau coj los siv thiab muab tso rau hauv ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv 1959, pilots N. Goryainov thiab BI Stepanov, ua ke nrog lawv cov crews ntsia rau nws 12 lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv. Cov lawv yog ib tug sawv los ntawm 10-tuj cargo rau ib qhov siab ntawm ntau tshaj 15 kilometers thiab sawv mus rau lub 55-tuj cargo rau ib qhov siab ntawm 2 kis lus mev. Ntxhuav ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv dav hlau hu ua 201M. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, ib txoj kev kuaj tsav A. Nplaum thiab nws pab neeg teev xya ceev cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw lawv, uas ua degrees ntawm chaw thau khoom. Nrog ib tug load hnyav ntawm 25 tons, nws tsim ceev 1028 km / h. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv 3M Myasishcheva dav hlau dua hu ua nyob rau hauv lwm - 103M.

Thaum ib tug tshiab bomber nkag mus hauv kev pab cuam, ib sab yav tas los tso versions ntawm lub M-4, uas differed xwb tsis muaj zog fais fab nroj tsuag, tau raug hloov dua siab tshiab rau tanker.

Teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub lag luam thiab cov tshiab lub cev muaj zog

Txawm tias lub siab tshaj plaws kev ua tau zoo, lub aircraft muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm lawv yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub sij hawm ntawm overhauls xyaw VD-7 yog tsawg tshaj li uas ntawm xyaw RD-3M-500A. Yog li ntawd, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm nqa tawm niaj hnub kho xyaw nquag hloov. Thaum cov teeb meem nrog rau cov HP-7, nyob rau cov dav hlau teem cov tib RD-3M, uas pib nrog txoj kev vam meej ntawm tus qauv. Nrog rau qhov no fais fab nroj tsuag nws yog hu ua 3ms. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muab piv nrog 3M lub aircraft pom qhov phem tshaj tau, tab sis nws yog ntau npaum li cas zoo dua nws rov qab - version ntawm lub M-4. Nyob rau hauv kev, tsis muaj refueling ZMS dav hlau yuav ya 9.400 kis lus mev.

Teeb meem nrog lub cav raug tso cai kom hloov tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm VD-7B. Cas sim haum lub neej ntawm lub engine, cov designers yuav tsum tau txo nws thrust mus rau theem ntawm cov RD-3M. Nws yog 9500 kgs. Peb yuav tsum lees tias, txawm lub fact tias lub engine lub neej tau ntawm kev ncua thiab muaj zog ob peb lub sij hawm, nws yeej tsis mus txog rau theem ntawm cov RD-3M. Cuaj kaum, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, deterioration ntawm cov yam ntxwv li, vim efficiency ntawm lub fais fab nroj tsuag, 15% siab tshaj qhov kev tso tawm deb 3ms.

Kev hloov kho nrog VD-7B xyaw hu ua 3MN. Lawv ua txuj coj nws differed los ntawm cov version tsuas 3ms lub kaus mom. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub hood ntawm VD-7B tau txwv tsis pub hatches destined rau venting ntawm huab cua kub los ntawm hauv qab rau koj cov menyuam bypass. Nyob rau hauv lub davhlau, lub aircraft kuj differed: VD-7B engine tshuav ib tug zoo-cim txoj kev taug ntawm haus luam yeeb.

Tsis ntev los no hloov

Nyob rau hauv 1960 tuaj lwm cov kev hloov kho ntawm lub aircraft, uas hu ua 3MD. Nws featured ntau tshaj cov khoom thiab paub aerodynamics. Tsav tseem nyob zoo li qub.

Nyob rau hauv lub 60th ib tsab ntawm tus aircraft pib tsis kam tshee, thiab tsis ntev ceased zoo rau nws. Lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj tau txav tseem ceeb tseg Rocketry. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug ntawm bombers hloov tau txais lub cev muaj zog VD-7P lub npe 3ME, tseem prototypes. Takeoff thrust xyaw ntau zog rau 11300 kgs. Tests tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 1963. Txawm li cas los, haiv neeg tseem nco ntsoov lub dav hlau 3M - Model keeb kwm tsis xaus ntawm no.

Nrog rau yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj uas xaiv yaam bombers, ib txhia ntawm lawv (version 3ms thiab 3MN) hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tankers rau chaw sam roj. Lawv refueled nyob rau hauv cov huab cua raws li "Tu-95", thiab tshuav armed tej yam 3M aircraft. Petrol 3M, yog li, hloov version ntawm lub M-4-2. Tab sis, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog tag nrho ib lub tshuab, tsuas muaj sib txawv motors thiab cov kev sib txuas lus.

thauj cov teeb meem

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 70s muaj ib tug yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub thauj units ntawm tus tshiab missile complex nrog factories nyob rau hauv lub Baikonur cosmodrome. Vim lub loj loj, qhov hnyav thiab qhov ncaj ncees thauj deb, tsis muaj ntawm cov hom ntawm conveyor tsis tau daws tau qhov teeb meem no. Piv txwv li, central tank launcher yog ntev 40 thiab dav - 8 meters. B. Myasischev nco ntsoov txog nws tus kheej thiab muaj mus nqa loads nyob rau hauv lub fuselage ntawm nws bomber. 3M dav hlau nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb tau rho los ntawm cov lag luam, thiab nws yog tus chief designer Myasischev tov nyob rau hauv 1967 OKB. Nyob rau hauv 1978 nws coj nws lub tswv yim. Thaum Vladimir tuag (Lub kaum hli ntuj 14, 1978), nws ua hauj lwm tau txuas ntxiv mus los ntawm V. Fedotov.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus ncua cov kev loj hlob, kev tsim kho thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub aircraft carrier, peb raug xaiv tanker. Lawv tam sim ntawd xa rau kev soj ntsuam kom paub tias kev qaug zog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub aircraft tau txais ib tug tshiab ncej thiab cov tshiab vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov fuselage. Tailpiece lawm thiab ncua los ntawm 7 meters. Lub Plumage yog ob-keel. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub thiab cov rooj sib txoos tau lawm los yog hloov. Rau hauv dav hlau muab ntau haib xyaw VD-7M nrog raug tshem tawm afterburner, thrust uas mus txog rau 11,000 kgs. Cov tib xyaw, tab sis, nrog afterburner, ntsia rau ntawm "Tu-22", txawm li cas los, twb tau muab.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws yog tsim tsib aircraft carrier configurations, txhua tus uas, vim tej dynamic thiab ya davhlau yam ntxwv, npaj rau cov khoom ntawm ib tug tej yam hnyav. Tus qauv yog hu ua tus 3M-T. Ib tug ntawm peb cov aircraft ua twb pauv mus rau TsAGI rau zoo li qub kev ntsuam xyuas. Ib tug ntxiv nruab nrog lwm pas nrig refuelling.

Nyob rau hauv 1980, cov thauj dav hlau 3M-T twb xub tsa mus rau lub ntuj. Ib tug xeem tsav Kucherenko thawj thauj cov khoom rau nws nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 6 xyoo tom ntej. Tom qab dav hlau renamed "Atlas ZM-T." Nyob rau transporters ntawm lub series nws tau raug thauj ntau tshaj 150 cov khoom nyob rau ntawm lub Baikonur. Lawv tsiv tag nrho cov loj qhov chaw ntawm ceg "Zog" thiab "Bhutan". 3M coj mus muag Aircraft, cov duab ntawm uas nyob rau ib lub sij hawm twb paub los ntawm tag nrho cov, tsis tu ncua qhia nyob festivals tag nrho cov hom ntawm aircraft, xws li nyob rau cua qhia tau tias nyob rau hauv 1992.

Thaum kawg nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias lub aircraft "Tu-134A-3M", uas yog tej zaum kuj tsis meej pem nrog tus hero ntawm peb cov zaj dabneeg vim hais tias ntawm lub "3M" Performance index nyob rau hauv lub npe, tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo rau nws tsis muaj. Tag nrho cov "Tu-134" - cov neeg nrog caij. Ib tug aircraft "Tu-134A-3M" thiab tsis yog cov VIP-version ntawm cov hloov ntawm ua liaj ua teb 134SKH.

xaus

Nyob rau hauv 2003, lub 50 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub M-4 aircraft thawj davhlau, uas yog tus thawj-yug nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm Soviet bombers. Kuj ceeb tias, 3M qauv aircraft yog tseem pom nyob rau hauv cov cua Force kev sib ntaus los units. Peb tsuas yuav tsum mus qhuas cov txuj ci ntawm designers uas muaj kev tswj rau hauv lub nyuaj post-tsov rog xyoo los tsim kom tau cov txheej txheem, muaj xws li ib tug muaj zog tej zaum.