Lub tej ntaub ntawv (xuab zeb, gravel): siv thiab ua thiab muag khoom

Tsis-nws yog xim hlau tej ntaub ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv lub siv kev lag luam. Sand, crushed pob zeb siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua kev ua vaj tse thiab ua kev reinforced lug, mortars. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv rau hauv av kho mob, kev npaj, kev landscaping hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsev rubble yog siv raws li roadbed underlayment txheej. Ib txhia hom gravel yog siv rau cov refining adjoining chaw.

Hom ntawm gravel thiab xuab zeb

Tag nrho cov xoob siv ntaub ntawv no yog txwv kom muab zais raws li ob peb no:

• keeb kwm;
• physico-txhua yam khoom (density, durability, txias kuj, dej uptake);
• shape thiab luaj li cas ntawm cov nplej;
• cov theem ntawm radioactivity, lub xub ntiag ntawm organic thiab inorganic impurities.

Xwm keeb kwm Gravel nyob rau hauv lub starting khoom. Paub qhov txawv rubble los ntawm cov pob zeb, ore rubble, uas yog tsim los ntawm recyclable cov ntaub ntawv thiab theem nrab metallurgical tau los ntawm crushing siv pov tseg (ua vaj tse, bricks). Physico-mechanical thaj chaw ntawm lub rubble yog ncaj qha nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws keeb kwm. Cov feem nrov khoom, uas yog raws li nyob rau qhov siab zog pob zeb - resistant rau distortion thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab kev txiav txim. Lis loj gravel yog muab faib ua ob peb hom: dropouts (5 hli), medium (5-25 hli) thiab loj (25-40 hli).

Xuab zeb keeb kwm yog muab faib ua tej yam ntuj tso thiab dag. Ntuj dawb-ntws khoom ua nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov xuab zeb los yog cov xuab zeb thiab gravel deposits. Nyob ntawm seb qhov tshwm sim txawv hiav txwv, dej los yog roob xuab zeb. Thawj ob hom muaj ntau sib npaug nplej thiab tsawg cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities li muab piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv quarries mined. xuab zeb yog muab faib mus rau hauv loj, medium thiab me me nyob rau hauv loj pellets.

Qhuav ntawm tej yam ntuj tso xuab zeb

Qhuav ntawm tej yam ntuj tso tsis-metallic tej ntaub ntawv yuav ob peb theem:

• tsuas;
• ua thiab refining (yog tsim nyog);
• cia.

Yuav luag tag nrho cov hom ntawm tej ntaub ntawv no yog mined los ntawm qhib txoj kev. Qhov xuab zeb yog mined los ntawm excavators los yog bulldozers. Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov roob xuab zeb, vim lub loj npaum li cas ntawm impurities thiab granules ntawm txawv loj, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv ua thiab pub kev pab txhawb ntxiv. Qhov no txoj kev muaj nyob rau hauv ntxuav thiab sorting ntawm cov khoom. Zus tau tej cov qhov tsawg tshaj plaws feem siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua tsev mixtures raws li nyob rau hauv cement, sand tau ntxiv sib tsoo rau cov menyuam crusher. Ntuj xuab zeb yog hais txog ntaub ntawv nws caking, txawm li cas los thaum lub sij hawm nws cov yog feem ntau siv hopper rau tej ntaub ntawv - ib tug ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tus inverted lub truncated pyramid rau cov tuav thiab muab particulate khoom.

Hav dej xuab zeb yog mined hydro txoj kev nyob rau hauv reservoirs. Barge nrog hydraulic twj pumped raw cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm tus dej nyob rau hauv lub hydraulic kuv pob tseg rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj. Dej ntws rov qab mus rau hauv tus dej, thiab hauv cov xuab zeb nyob rau hauv lub heap. Thaum dhau tuab hauv qab nto ntxiv siv thoob of elevator.

Qhuav ntawm cov khoom cua xuab zeb

Lub thaj chaw ntawm deposits ntawm tej yam ntuj tso xuab zeb unevenly, uas yuav ua tau kom ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom no nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam. Qhuav ntawm cov khoom cua xuab zeb pub kev lom zem ntau daws tau qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev muab cov kev tsim nyog xav tau kev pab. Dag particulate khoom ua los ntawm crushing nyuaj pob zeb thiab lwm yam khoom raw qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog cov nram qab no ntawm cov khoom cua xuab zeb:

• Crushed. Siv nyob rau hauv acidic thiab hniav compositions. Ua los ntawm crushing marble, diabase, basalt los yog tuab metallurgical slags.
• Lub teeb cov xuab zeb, organic thiab inorganic. Lub tej ntaub ntawv yog tau los ntawm pumice, scoria, tuff, ua liaj ua teb thiab ntoo pov tseg.
• Sedimentary sands - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo limestone.
• Txhab av nplaum xuab zeb los ntawm crushing pob zeb keramzite - thermally insulating cov ntaub ntawv uas, ib tug tub lim rau khaub-ncaws nyias qhob thiab mortar.
• Ntxeem tau xuab zeb los ntawm slag.

zus tau tej cov crushed pob zeb

Raw cov ntaub ntawv rau zus tau tej cov crushed pob zeb nyob rau hauv opencast quarries txawv pob zeb. Nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub deposit thiab cov mined pob zeb yog xaiv txoj kev ntawm reservoir txoj kev loj hlob. Rau tshwj xeeb yog nyuaj pob zeb ua ua ntej blasting. Lub pre-drilled qhov dej tus nqi yog pw. Lub tawg ntawm cov pob zeb lov rau hauv daim uas yog tau txais rau ntxiv ua.

Lub rho raw khoom txhab khoom mus rau sib tsoo uas yog nqa tawm ntawm ntau hom ntawm crushers (yob, puab tsaig crushers, tej yam, lub khob hliav qab). Xaiv cov technics yog ua nyob rau hauv lub hom khoom zaum kawg. Tom qab crushing, npaj txhij rau rubble los txog rau sorting. Cov kev kuaj ntaub ntawv no yuav muab faib mus rau hauv cov zauv feem raws li grain loj. Installation yog ib tug loj ntau yam sieves nrog qhov ntawm txawv diameters. Tus me tshaj feem kis tau rau txhua theem ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus, hauv nyob rau hauv lub sump. Lub sorting txheej txheem rau lub crushed pob zeb feem yuav raug kev ntxuav kom tshem tawm impurities av nplaum.

Lub ntsiab yam ntawm gravel pob zeb

Muaj yog ib tug ncaj loj pab pawg neeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv lawv lub feem ntau nyob rau hauv coob li nram qab no:

• Granite - lub feem ntau check rubble ntawm magmatic keeb kwm. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv - quartz, mica thiab Feldspar. Feem ntau cov xim - liab, liab, grey. Vim hais tias ntawm nws cov keeb kwm, cov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom no, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau muab daim ntawv pov ntawm radioactivity. Vim lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom, feem ntau nrov hauv daim ntawv ntawm rubble.
• Gravel. Lub hauv paus ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas pob zeb pob zeb. Tsim qhov no zoo ntawm rubble nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev - crushing pob zeb (crushed gravel) thiab ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov hav dej los yog hiav txwv av (sib npaug gravel). Nyob rau lub zog ntawm granite yog npaum li cas ua tsis tau zoo tab sis pheej yig dua cov uas tsis muaj keeb kwm yav dhau tawg.
• Quartzite. Lub tej khoom siv ntawm quartz pob zeb formations. Lub zog yog tsis inferior mus granite, tab sis nws muaj me ntsis tom qab tawg. Ua tsaug rau cov thawj cov qauv thiab txaus nyiam colorings nrov heev nyob rau hauv decorating.
• Limestone. Ua los ntawm crushing sedimentary pob zeb. Nyob rau lub dag lub zog ua tsis tau zoo rau tag nrho cov lwm yam khib nyiab. Lub hauv paus ntawm dolomite thiab txiv qaub. Paaj sib txawv - tsis muaj nqi.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm tej ntaub ntawv

Ntau yam daim ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog-nws yog xim hlau tej ntaub ntawv yog cov tsis tshua loj, yuav tsum vov yuav luag tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev tsim kho thiab txaus thov nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev ua hauj lwm:

• Kev npaj ntawm qhob ntawm ntau hom.
• Qhuav ntawm qhob khoom.
• Txoj kev siv.
• Apparatus railways, runways.
• Landscaping.
• Tsiaj txu.
• Apparatus tiv thaiv txheej nplua nplua txoj kev chaw.

Tsheb thauj mus los ntawm tej ntaub ntawv

Thauj tej ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau (deb), txoj kev thiab dej thauj. Rau tsheb nqaj hlau thauj cov feem ntau tsim gondola tsheb, tsheb thauj khoom, pob tseg lub tsheb - Tshwj xeeb qhib wagons nrog automatic paug los ntawm tipping. Rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab gravel txoj kev pob tseg truck yog feem ntau tsim. Muab cov loj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm dej nkoj - pheej yig tshaj thauj xaiv, tab sis yog ib yam nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug nyob ze waterways qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub carriage yog tsis pom zoo rau txoj kev mus rau qhov chaw uas tus me nyuam mus ncuav rau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lwm yam tsheb nyob rau hauv kom tsis txhob poob.

Cia thiab muag khoom

Tom qab extraction thiab, yog tias yuav tsum tau, xuab zeb gravel kawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv uas nws pom tus neeg xa mus rau lub warehouse. Txhua yam thiab fractional muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tej ntaub ntawv uas muab cia rau nyias. Cia thaj chaw yuav tsum yuav tus, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob sau rainwater. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, kom ntxiv tiv thaiv los ntawm av. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, cov ntaub ntawv yog tshem ntawm snow thiab cov dej khov.

Mov uas tsis yog-metallic ntaub ntawv los ntawm cia feem ntau los ntawm txoj kev. Cov kev zam yog loj Enterprises nrog rau lwm ceg kab. Rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab yooj yim zaub mov xa tuaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mus rau qhov kawg neeg cia cheeb tsam nruab nrog yooj yim nkag tau mus siv txoj kev. Feem ntau lub koom haum, unilateral nplhaib tsheb. Rau yooj yim loading thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob caking siv silo rau tej ntaub ntawv. Rau Dag teeb pom kev zoo yog muab thaum hmo ntuj.