Trophic theem - ib tug keeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus saw

Kawm biotic qauv ntawm ntau yam ecosystems, zaum tau pom hais tias tag nrho cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lawv yog hlua li nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov saw. Thiab cov chains nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov ecosystems yuav tsum havzoov ntau. Raws li nws cov tshuaj uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog thiab lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas tsiv los ntawm ib tug kab mob mus rau lwm lub. Uas yog ib tug kab mob noj lwm, thiab nws nyob rau hauv lem kov ib tug thib peb. Ntawm no yog ib tug piv txwv yooj yim ntawm xws li ib tug saw: nyom - nyuj - tib neeg.

Thiab tag nrho cov ntawm cov chains yog tsis tshua muaj cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam - lawv yog cov tag nrho cov koom nyob rau hauv ib tug zaub mov web. Kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv no network yog heev. Piv txwv li, herbivores noj cov nroj tsuag ntawm ob peb hom. Thiab txhom kuj tsis heev kus kes nyob rau hauv xaiv cov nqaij rau lawv noj. Tab sis, txawm lub fact tias cov khoom noj khoom haus webs ntau ntau thiab lawv yog cov tag nrho heev ntau haiv neeg - lawv yuav ua tau haum mus ua ib tug tib tswvyim. Thiab qhov no tswvyim zoo zoo li no: cov nroj tsuag ntsuab - cov thawj tau txais kev pab - theem nrab tau txais kev pab - tertiary consuments - propagator. Thiab propagator yeej ib txwm nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm cov zaub mov saw thiab tau txais kev pab tej zaum yuav muaj ob peb. Tag nrho cov chav nyob yog hu ua trophic theem.

Hais tias yog, los ntawm ib tug scientific point of view, cov trophic theem - yog rau tag nrho cov txheej ntawm cov kab mob uas nyob nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov web qhov chaw. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib txwm ecosystem yuav suav tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 3-4 ntawm cov theem. Tus thawj trophic theem - qhov no yog yeej cov nroj tsuag. Txij li thaum lawv tag nrho cov pib cov zaub mov saw. Qhov thib ob trophic theem yog nyob los ntawm cov phytophagous, uas yog herbivorous. Nws consuments thawj kev txiav txim thiab noj xwb muaj.

Qhov thib peb trophic theem yog nyob los ntawm cov tau txais kev pab ntawm 2nd kev txiav txim. Lawv yog cov txhom uas noj xwb herbivores. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj euryphages, uas yog omnivorous. Lawv muaj peev xwm sib npaug yuav powered tsob nroj, thiab tsiaj noj. Cov no muaj xws npua, hma, nas tsuag, kab laum thiab cov zoo li. Tus txiv neej yog inherently kuj yog ib tug euryphages. nyob rau theem no muaj peev xwm kuj yuav consuments thiab peb kev txiav txim - yog txhom uas pub tsuas Carnivores.

Thiab lub xeem trophic theem no feem ntau yog nyob los ntawm cov decomposers, piv txwv li heterotrophic kab mob. Lawv ua kom puas, mineralizing thiab destructuring ecosystems pov tseg. Tom qab lawv cov "ua hauj lwm" yuav tau txais tej yam yooj yim mineral tebchaw. Ib tug decomposers nyob rau hauv lem yog muab faib ua ob cov hoob kawm. Qhov no detritus - tsiaj uas yog ncaj qha mus noj nrog organic seem thiab tuag kab mob. Cov no muaj xws vultures, cov dav npoj ya, jackals, hyenas, cua nab thiab lwm yam "tsuag".

Tsis tas li ntawd xa mus rau lub decomposers thiab destructors. Lawv yog cov twb tuag decomposed "organic" rau inorganic tebchaw. Cias muab, lawv txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm decomposition thiab putrefaction. Cov no muaj xws cov kab mob thiab fungi. Thiab tag nrho cov trophic chains cov txheej txheem yog li ntawd producers, tau txais kev pab thiab decomposers los ntawm lawv INTERACTIONS zoo. Lawv muaj lub sam xeeb thiab cov qauv ntawm cov biocenosis, tswj nrog rau cov khoom thiab lub zog ntws. Qhov no muaj txhawb rau cov kev cai ntawm qhov chaw.

Graphically ib trophic ecological system qauv yuav tsum sawv cev raws li ib tug pyramid zog ntws. Nws thaj av yog producers los yog 1 trophic theem. Tiam sis tag nrho tom ntej ntau ntau lub plag tsev thiab rau sab saum toj ntawm lub pyramid. Thiab nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov theem yog tus khiav ntawm lub zog. Lub zog uas mus los ntawm ib theem, lub zog yog tawm tswv yim rau lub tom ntej no. Thiab lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau xws li ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm trophic theem nyob rau hauv txhua ecosystem yog tias ib tug txiav txim ib feem ntawm lub zog thaum lub sij hawm xws zaus yog poob lawm. Muaj yog ib txoj cai 10%, thiab raws li nws tsuas yog tus nqi ntawm cov pab zog yog pauv mus rau qib tom ntej. Thiab 10% - yog lub siab tshaj plaws daim duab. Nyob rau hauv ib co ecosystems, xws efficiency yog sib npaug zos rau ib tug feem pua.