Poov tshuaj iodide

poov tshuaj iodide (Ki) yog ib lub ntsev ntawm hydriodic acid. Nyob rau hauv tsos nws yog ib tug khoom tsis muaj kob crystalline tshuaj nrog ib lub voos xwmfab zoo li tus muaju. Poov tshuaj iodide nyob rau hauv huab cua los ntawm cua kub los yog los ntawm raug mus rau lub teeb daj vim cov pa oxidation ntawm iodine ions rau elemental iodine. Nrog ua kub lub solubility ntawm lub ntsev nyob rau hauv dej nce. Nyob rau hauv 100 g ntawm dej twb yaj 128 g ntawm ntsev ntawm 0 ° C, 145 g nyob rau hauv 20 ° C, 176 g rau 60 ° C, 209 g ntawm 100 ° C. Cov hniav puas loj ntawm lub compound ntawm 166,00277 g / mol. Lub refractive index yog 1,667. Ceev 3.13 g / cm³. Melting point 686 ° C. Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes ntawm 1330 ° C. Poov tshuaj iodide tsawg hygroscopic (absorbs dej nkag tsawg) tshaj nrog sodium iodide, li ntawd, nws yog yooj yim los mus ua hauj lwm.

Poov tshuaj iodide yog ib tug me me kom txhob muaj neeg sawv cev, nws yog yooj yim oxidized los ntawm cov tshuaj: 2KI + Cl2 → 2KCl + I2. Nws yog reacted nrog iodine, li no txoj kev Lugol tshuaj: Ki + I2 → KI3. Cov poov tshuaj ntsev ntawm hydriodic acid yuav tsum npaj kom txhij los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm iodine nrog poov tshuaj hydroxide 6KOH + 3I2 = 5KI + KIO3 + 3H2O yuav txo tau los yog poov tshuaj iodate carbon 2KIO3 + 3 c = 2KI + 3CO2. Cov daj xim ntawm cov ntsev tso cai ntawm lub oxidation ntawm iodide rau iodine raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab zauv: 4KI + 2CO2 + O2 → 2K2CO3 + 2I2.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, iodine yog tam sim no qhov txhia chaw, tab sis nws yog ib tug tsis tshua lub caij, vim nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov natural qhov chaw yog negligible. Raws li nrog rau lwm cov halogens, yus muaj los ntawm ib tug siab reactivity, yog pom feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tebchaw, namely, iodides ntawm alkali hlau sodium thiab potassium, tiam sis (tsis zoo li lwm halogen) kuj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov iodates, yaj nyob rau hauv dej. Txawm li cas los, nws yeej tsis tshwm sim raws li ib tug nitrogen iodide (IN3), vim nws yog heev tsis ruaj tsis khov thiab sai heev degraded nrog ib tug moj tej tawg kev twb kev txuas. Nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv dej los yog los ntawm underground qhov chaw iodides thiab iodates muaj kwv yees li sib npaug zos nyiaj. Txij li thaum poov tshuaj iodide yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej, tus iodine ions yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv, marine algae thiab marine ntses. Nqaij ntses yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg tsawg ntawm cov iodine, raws li lawv muaj ntau yam lub sij hawm ntau iodine sib txuas tshaj cov nyob beings inhabiting lub teb chaws. Ib tug yooj yim raw khoom rau industrial zus tau tej cov iodine yog dej drilling los yog tej hom ntawm algae.

Poov tshuaj iodide muaj nyob rau hauv lub drilling dej siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam los tsim iodine: Ki + Cl2 → KCl2 + I2. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog dav siv raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm iodide ions. Nyob rau hauv analytical Science News for KIDS, poov tshuaj iodide yog siv rau redox iodometric titration. Ntawv, wetted nrog ib tug daws ntawm ntsev thiab starch, pab txiav txim seb qualitatively lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tshuaj, ozone los yog lwm yam oxidants, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm iodine uas yog faib synthesis thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej loj rau daim ntawv puv xiav. Nws yog siv raws li ib tug khoom noj khoom haus additive nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj pub thiab tib neeg cov zaub mov, nyob rau hauv me me qhov ntau, teb rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm kev tiv thaiv (tsam thyroid caj pas) cov kab mob, uas yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cheeb tsam vim ntuj tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm iodine, poov tshuaj iodide, nrog rau poov tshuaj iodate, ntxiv rau hom ntsev. Cov li no tau khoom noj khoom no yog hu ua iodized ntsev. Lub warranty cia lub sij hawm ntawm xws li ib tug ntsev yog tas, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug dhau heev lawm ntawm cov pa thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide, Ki maj mam oxidized rau hlau carbonate thiab elemental iodine, uas yog ces evaporated.

Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, poov tshuaj iodide yog siv raws li ib tug medicament. Poov tshuaj iodide yog muaj nyob rau hauv txawv ntau npaum cov ntaub ntawv: ntsiav tshuaj, qhov ncauj tov, zaj duab xis loj ntsiav tshuaj, qhov muag dauv, chewable ntsiav tshuaj. Yeeb siv tshuaj, cov tsis muaj iodine nyob rau hauv lub cev, muaj antithyroid (thyroid inhibit qhov kev biosynthesis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones), mucolytic (liquefied ntsws phlegm thiab pab txhawb nws tawm), expectorant, anti-inflammatory, daws, radioprotective (tiv thaiv cov thyroid caj pas los ntawm tawg thiab tiv thaiv qhov haum ntawm nws tej iodine ) nyhuv. LEEJ TWG Pom zoo npaum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xwm txheej ceev uas tej iodine nyob rau lub hnub nyoog thiab yog:

• rau cov neeg muaj 12 xyoos - 130 mg ib hnub twg;
• los ntawm 3 mus rau 12 xyoo - 65 mg ib hnub twg;
• uas muaj hnub nyoog 1 mus rau 36 lub hlis - 32 mg ib hnub twg;
• cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 1 lub hli - 16 mg ib hnub twg.

LEEJ TWG tsis pom zoo kom rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm poov tshuaj iodide rau cov neeg laus tshaj 40 xyoo.