Teeb kev tshawb xav

Teeb kev tshawb xav - nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tswj ntawm kev kawm txog zauv, lub ntsiab feature uas yog cov geometric txoj kev nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov khoom. Nws yog suav hais tias yuav tsum yog tus founder ntawm tus naas ej mathematician Euler.

Daim ntawv thov teeb kev tshawb xav mus rau lub lig puv 19 xyoo pua, twb txo mus rau hauv kev daws ntawm nthuav teeb meem thiab attracted loj pej xeem paub. Pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thaum lub teeb kev tshawb xav twb tsim raws li ib qho kev ywj zauv qhuab qhia, nws tau lug siv nyob rau hauv teb xws li cybernetics, physics, logistics, programming, biology, electronics, thauj thiab kev sib txuas lus tshuab.

Basic ntsiab teeb kev tshawb xav

Lub hauv paus yog ib lub teeb. Lub terminology yuav pom xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug network tib yam rau cov kem. Xeem - yog uas tsis yog-empty cov ntsiab lus, uas yog, vertices thiab theem, piv txwv li lub tav, ob hnub ntawm uas sib haum mus rau ib tug muab cov ntsiab lus. Teeb kev tshawb xav tsis nqis peev ib tug taw tes nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm npoo thiab vertices. Piv txwv li, lub nroog txoj kev thiab txuas lawv, qhov chaw uas thawj - lub vertices ntawm lub teeb, thiab lub thib ob - tav. Greater tseem ceeb yog muab rau cov kev tshawb xav ntawm lub arcs. Yog hais tias cov npoo muaj ib lub tsheb, nws yog hu ua tus arc, yog ib tug teeb nrog qhia sawv, nws yog hu ua ib tug digraph.

Nyob rau hauv lub terminology ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav raws li yog lub nram qab no lub tswv yim:

Subgraph yog lub teeb, tag nrho cov npoo thiab vertices yog cov vertices thiab sawv.

Kev cob cog teeb - ib tug uas muaj ob tug sib txawv peaks nyob saw txuas lawv.

Qhov hnyav kev cob cog rua teeb - ib tug uas muab lub weighting muaj nuj nqi.

Tsob ntoo - kev cob cog rua teeb tsis mus.

Cev pob txha - ib tug subgraph uas yog ib tsob ntoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub teeb duab nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau txhais cim yog siv: cov xaiv kab los sib ntsib point sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub elementary nto thiab yog hais tias tus ntug yog nruab nrab ntawm vertices, lub duas paub cov ntsiab lus ua ke ya. Yog hais tias lub teeb-oriented, cov feem yog hloov los ntawm tus xib xub.

Tab sis tsis txhob sib piv cov teeb duab nrog nws, piv txwv li nrog ib tug daws teeb qauv, vim hais tias ib tug teeb muaj peev xwm yuav muab ntau tshaj ib graphical sawv cev. Nqus ntawm lub dav hlau yog muab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav saib rau nkawm vertices koom npoo, thiab cov uas tsis muaj.

Cov ib co ntawm cov kev pab raws qib teeb kev tshawb xav txawv:

1. Qhov teeb meem ntawm lub shortest Circuit Court (hardware hloov, ntawv, tsheb thauj neeg mob thiab xov tooj exchanges).
2. Maximum txaus teeb meem (ordering zog nyob rau hauv ib tug dynamic network, faib ua hauj lwm, cov koom haum ntawm muaj peev xwm).
3. Qhov teeb meem ntawm lub coatings thiab tej pob khoom (kev pab dispatch chaw zov me nyuam).
4. Coloring nyob rau hauv txhua (nco kev tso kawm nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob computers).
5. Kev sib txuas lus tes hauj lwm thiab graphs (tsim ib tug kev sib txuas lus network, tus tsom xam ntawm kev sib txuas lus tes hauj lwm).

Thaum lub tam sim no lub sij hawm nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau qhov kev pab cuam feem ntau ntawm cov kev pab raws qib tsis paub txog ntawm teeb kev tshawb xav. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua thiab yooj yim dua mus ua hauj lwm nrog computers.

Program siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm lug thiab universal txoj kev daws teeb meem, thiab ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov kev tshawb xav ntawm graphs. Nws tseem ceeb yuav tsis yog yuav overestimated. Teeb kev tshawb xav nyob rau hauv programming ua rau nws tau mus piv rau cov kev tshawb fawb rau cov lus qhia, rau optimize cov software, hloov thiab faib cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm kev tshawb xav algorithms tshwm sim tau ntawm lawv cov kev siv nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam kev pab raws qib mus nqa tawm kev hloov kho ntawm lub algorithm, tsis muaj zuj zus lawm cov neeg kawm ntawv muaj kev cia siab ntawm zauv finite version ntawm qhov kev pab cuam.

Ib qho tseem ceeb khoom teejtug uas yog cov tswj system los yog qauv yog ib tug txheej ntawm binary kev sib raug zoo nrog lub teeb ntawm kev ua thiab cov ntaub ntawv rau lwm. Cov lug yog cov tsuas yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev pab cuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog hloov los ntawm lawv. Yog li ntawd, cov los yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub tsim rau cov kev programmer.