TsimSecondary kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv

Spore nroj tsuag: piv txwv, nta, ntau yam

Botany lovers skeptical luag thaum mloog legends txog lub hmo ntuj ntawm Ivan Kupala. Yuav ua li cas kuv yuav mus nrhiav ib tug fern paj? Leej twg yog hais tias, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, kuv tuaj nrog? Yuav ua li cas kuv yuav mus nrhiav ib yam dab tsi uas yeej tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm?

Muaj ntau cov xwm lovers yog muab faib rau flowering nroj tsuag thiab cryptogamic hom. Cryptogamic hu ua spore nroj tsuag, piv txwv uas yuav tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv qhov tsab xov xwm no niaj hnub no.

Spore nroj tsuag: thawj cov kev taw qhia

Peb pib nrog ib tug nyuag lus piav qhia txog paub. Lo lus "kev tsis sib haum" tuaj rau peb los ntawm lub Greek lus. Txhais nws txhais tau tias "noob" los yog "noob." Nws yog ib tug heev me me tsim uas nws loj - txog 1 micron.

Tsim spore nroj tsuag rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lawv - qhov ncaj xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus muaj, cov uas tau tawm ntawm lub hiav txwv rau lub teb chaws. Los ntawm spore-kev coj tus kheej nroj tsuag tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug fern. Zaum tau muab faib lawv mus rau hauv ob pawg: sab sauv thiab sab. Nyob rau hauv thawj qeb - ferns, qws mosses, horsetails thiab ntxhuab. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - algae thiab Lichens.

Lub neej voj voog ntawm cov nroj tsuag spore

Yog hais tias peb tham txog ntau dua spore kab mob, lawv muaj ib tug heev interesting lub neej voj voog. Ntawm no koj yuav saib tau lub alternation ntawm kev sib deev thiab asexual neeg ntawm lub hom. Raws li, tu tub tu kiv, nyob ntawm seb lub hom, yog ib tug kev sib deev los yog asexually. Tag nrho lub neej voj voog yog tas mus li. Cov nroj tsuag ntaub ntawv ib tug gametophyte (kev sib deev tu tub tu kiv hloov khoom nruab nrog) thiab cov sporophyte (hloov khoom nruab nrog ntawm asexual tu tub tu kiv).

Evolution tau tso cai los tsim cov hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ob cov lus qhia. Peb tau txais ob sab pawg: haploid thiab diploid. Piav txog lub spore nroj tsuag, piv txwv uas yog haploid pab pawg neeg - mosses, zaum tau muaj pov thawj hais tias lawv muaj ib tug ntau tsim kev sib deev gametophyte. Haploid sporophyte nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg muaj ib tug subordinate raws li txoj cai. Diploid kab mob spore kev taw qhia (horsetail thiab ferns) muaj ib tug xav tsim sporophyte thiab gametophyte li prothallia.

Kev sib deev tiam yeej ib txwm muaj antheridia thiab archegonium. Nws yog tus txiv neej thiab poj niam nruab nrog cev. Txiv neej cov phev kom, poj niam txiv neej cell yog zoo li qub. Nyob rau uas yuav ncav cuag lub hom phiaj uas nws fertilized, cov phev muaj kom tau rau hauv lub dej ib puag ncig. Lub fertilized qe ntaub ntawv ib tug embryo uas germinates asexual tiam, i.e. sporophyte. Cov theem tom ntej ntawm lub chaw ua taus zes yuav tshwm sim noob kab mob uas tsim mus rau hauv sporangia.

nta

Tsis yog txhua tus paub yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv cov spore nroj tsuag. Piv txwv ntawm kev xav nyob rau hauv no tej zaum yuav zoo li no:

  1. Spore nroj tsuag yog tsis rau hauv Bloom. Cov hom yog tsis biologically muaj peev xwm ntawm flowering.
  2. Muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub neej voj voog. Kev sib deev thiab asexual tu tub tu kiv.
  3. Cov impossibility ntawm kev sib deev fertilization, tsis muaj tus muaj cov dej.

Yog hais tias peb nta xam qhovkev rau cov kev txhawj xeeb rau tsob nroj, nws yog zoo ntawm spore.

Spore nroj tsuag: ferns

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj mus nrhiav ib tug neeg uas tau yeej tsis tau pom ib tug fern. Qhov no ancient tsob nroj yog siv rau dai kom zoo ntawm qhov chaw ua si thiab lub vaj. Potted ferns yog zus nyob rau hauv huam, thiab hav zoov mus taug kev lovers ntau lub sij hawm pom lush thiab ntsuab fern thickets.

Tag nrho ferns yeej pinnatisected compound nplooj. Cov spore-nroj tsuag (ferns) yog cov feem ntau notable sporangia. Lub chaw ntawm cov lub cev - lub underside ntawm nplooj.

Rau cov lus qhia ntxiv hais tias ferns nyob rau hauv cov xwm ntau tshaj li kaum txhiab. Tag nrho cov no muaj ntau haiv neeg ua ke nyob rau hauv 300 genera.

Tus qauv ntawm lub spore nroj tsuag los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm mosses

Mosses yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau feem ntau cov tswv yim qub hom ntau dua cov nroj tsuag. Tag nrho cov kis Moss tsev neeg - yog me me nyob rau hauv loj tsis muaj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub conductive ntaub. Lub division rau hauv kav thiab cov nplooj nyob rau hauv mosses zwj ceeb. Cov amazing spore-nroj tsuag - cov piv txwv ntawm kev txawj ntse kom pab tau rau cov tej yam kev mob ntawm qhov.

Yog li ntawd, ntxhuab lub cev conditionally muab faib mus rau hauv kav, nplooj thiab keeb kwm. Yog, lub keeb kwm ntawm no nroj yog hloov los ntawm filamentous outgrowths - rhizoids. Lawv lub ntsiab sib txawv los ntawm lub tiag tiag cov hauv paus hniav ntawm - cov tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm conductive ntaub. Nyob rau hauv txhua rhizoid ntxhuab - ib los yog ntau tshaj nyob hlwb.

Mosses xav zoo nyob rau hauv marshy chaw, nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo los yog cia li damp. Mosses koom qhuav dej, tab sis ua li txoj kev poob ntawm tag nrho tsob nroj nto. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov spore nroj tsuag yuav tsum muaj dej yug ib co hom mosses yog muaj peev xwm tos tawm lub drought sij hawm, lawv txawm nruj heev heev rau ciaj sia nyob rau tus mob rocky qhov chaw. Raws li nws tshwm sim, yog tsis qoos taub.

nrog txiv neej pw - lub hom ntxhuab tiam. Sporophyte yog kiag li nyob rau lub gametophyte.

Kev tsis txaus siab tej zaum yuav tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov nplooj zoo li ib tug fern, raws li cov nplooj lawv tus kheej yog es cov pa. Rau cov hom phiaj, mosses yoog spore capsule, towering tshaj kev sib deev gametophyte rau cov ceg-yo.

Ib tug feature ntawm mosses suav hais tias yog tseem vegetative hais tawm. Cov txheej txheem yuav ob lub raum thiab nodules. Yog hais tias lub vegetative qhov chaw yog cais los ntawm lub ntsiab cog, nws npaj mus rau hauv ib qho kev ywj tus neeg.

Ib me ntsis txog lub sab ntaub ntawv

Peb yuav tsis sau tag nrho cov sab spore nroj tsuag. Piv txwv ntawm cov uas muaj kev lom zem los mus piav qhia - algae. Cov nroj tsuag yog tsis raws li heev heev li ferns thiab Lichens, ntawm ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj ib puas yam. Vaj tse ntawm muaj - dej. Algae tsis muaj nplooj thiab keeb kwm. Yog txuas mus rau hauv av los yog pob zeb pob tshab hooks. Algae yog muab faib rau 11 departments, 4 ntawm uas tus txiv neej tau kawm mus siv rau lawv kom zoo dua.

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