Sociology raws li ib tug science: lub ntsiab lus qhia ntawm kev loj hlob thiab tam sim no tiam sis.

Cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv uas peb nyob, seb puas tsimnyog tau ntau cov lus nug txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, hais txog qhov ua rau ntawm cov neeg los yog lwm yam kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib raug zoo tshwm sim. Sociology raws li ib tug science ntawm lub neej, cov kev cai ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, kev sib raug zoo rau pej xeem thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv tsev noog xav thiab cov tswv yim ntawm philosophers, politicians, cov xib fwb, kws tshawb fawb, sau ntawv thiab cov mej zeej ntawm lwm ceg ntawm scientific kev txawj ntse.

Sociology raws li ib tug science txawv los ntawm lwm yam kev sciences, daim ntawv thov ntawm scientific txoj kev mus rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm haiv neeg, tseem ceeb ua daim ntawv thov ntawm sociological kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub hauj lwm ntawm haiv neeg.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, ncaj qha sociological kev tshawb xav pib tsim los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo dhau. Sociology raws li ib tug science npaj nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia, uas tsim lub scientific cov tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg, nws cov qauv, cov specifics ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo kev sib raug zoo, sociologists xaiv txawv general scientific le caag: pej xeem, puas siab puas ntsws, pab pawg neeg, kev cai thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias thoob plaws lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab Sociology, nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm sociological tswv yim thiab theories tau pab cov hauj lwm ntawm Western sociologists. Cov no muaj xws tus tsim ntawm lub Sociology ntawm Comte, uas coined lub sij hawm "Sociology", lub tswvyim ntawm "system", kev txaus cai rau theem ntawm cov keeb kwm kev loj hlob. Tsis muaj tsawg influential rau Lavxias teb sab Sociology tswv yim twb Emile Durkheim, Max Weber. Thiab Karla Marksa writings tau ua tseem ceeb rau cov nom tswv ideology ntawm Russia rau yuav luag semideyatiletnego keeb kwm lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, peb yuav hais lus ntawm tus sis ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab thiab Western Sociology. Lavxias teb sab sociologists NY Danilevsky, NK St. Michael, PL Lavrov, VI Lenin, GV Plekhanov, PA Sorokin ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm sociological thought.

Ntawm cov feem ntau qhov chaw ntawm Sociology ntawm cais kev philosophy. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb kom muaj kev cai lij choj ntawm kev loj hlob. Lub hauv paus tswv yim uas mus los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txawv tiam sis tsis pub dhau ib cheeb tsam no (Spengler, Toynbee, N.Danilevky, Sorokin), yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev cai-keeb kwm hom societies, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub kab lis kev cai sib txawv ntawm cov haiv neeg (eg, Iyiv, Babylonian, Greek, Roman, Maya kab lis kev cai, Lavxias teb sab Siberian, Slavic, Jewish thiab lwm tus). Ib txhia sociologists muab cov impossibility ntawm ntev-lub sij hawm coexistence ntawm qhov sib txawv haiv uas yuav tsum tau tsim rau ib tug neeg txoj kev.

Lwm cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology - Marxism - combines conflictological kev tshawb xav, raws li nyob rau hauv lub economic nriaj, lub ideological confrontation ntawm txawv kev pab pawg. Marxism li txhais los ntawm Lenin thiab nws pab ua si ib decisive luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm Russia.

Nyob rau hauv thaj Sociology sawv neo-Marxism (lub teb chaws Yelemees, 30 xyoo ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua). Cov kev tsis sib haum ntawm tus txiv neej los ntawm lub tswv yim thiab ideology ntawm negation, neo-Marxism nyob rau hauv kev kawm Sociology siv lub tswv yim ntawm impossibility mus tshem tawm tsis sib haum ntawm tej pawg: tus tawm tsam rau lub hwj chim, rau sab ntsuj plig coj noj coj ua, kev ua yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv lub redistribution ntawm nyiaj khwv tau los, uas yog lub ntsiab ua rau ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg.

Niaj hnub nimno Sociology raws li ib tug science yog muaj kev koom tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug technocratic, nrov heev nyob rau hauv thaj thiab domestic sociological voj voog. Ib tug ntawm cov tiam sis yog lub teb niaj hnub Sociology. Net qee ntawm cov European thiab American kab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm sociological science, manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, nws rubs tawm nyob rau hauv seodnyashny hnub. Tib neeg muaj teeb meem yuam sociologists mus koom rog. Nyob rau lwm cov tes nws yog cuab kev tias lub evolutionary thiab Konfliktologichesky hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev loj hlob muaj ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, kev koom ua ke ntawm ntau yam sociological theories ua ib lub hom phiaj yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub Sociology ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg tias cov Sociology ntawm qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub neej niaj hnub yog zoo kawg thiab. Nws muaj ib tug tej yam nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub tswv yim, kev nom kev tswv kev txiav txim siab.

Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov niaj hnub Sociology koom tsim ntau yam ceg ntawm sociological paub: Sociology ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, Sociology ntawm cov koom haum, Sociology ntawm kev txawj ntse, Sociology ntawm kev ntseeg thiab lwm tus neeg.