Alloying ntsiab. Cawv ntawm alloying ntsiab rau thaj chaw ntawm hlau thiab alloys

active siv hlau cov khoom muaj peev xwm yuav pom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, kev lag luam thiab tej cheeb tsam ntawm ua liaj ua teb. Ntxiv mus, lub tib hlau nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm kev siv qhia ntau yam kev thiab ua hauj lwm zoo zog. Qhov no yuav tau piav doping dab. Technological txoj kev nyob rau hauv uas ib puag billet acquires tshiab zoo los yog txhim kho rau uas twb muaj lawm nta. Qhov no yog facilitated los ntawm active hais, alloying zog uas ua rau cov tshuaj thiab lub cev kev ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub hlau qauv.

Lub ntsiab alloying ntsiab

Loj tab sis tsis meej xwm nqi nyob rau hauv doping dab yog cov pa roj carbon. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, nws concentration nyob rau hauv lub hlau qauv ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 1.2% txhawb rau kom lub zog, hardness thiab txias brittleness theem, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - nws kuj txo tus thermal conductivity thiab ceev cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis txawm qhov no yog tsis tseem ceeb. Raws li nrog rau tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm cov hlau, nws yog ntxiv nyob rau hauv nqa tawm hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev nyob rau hauv muaj zog tus ntawm kub. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua impurities thiab lub active Cheebtsam yog muab khaws cia tseg nyob rau hauv cov qauv tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub lag luam. Cia li carbon yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv cov hlau thiab raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom muag kawg technology txiav txim siab hlau refining los sis tswj nws tam sim no zoo. Hais tias yog, lawv yuav sib txawv rau cov theem ntawm cov pa roj carbon doping los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb lub lag luam.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov ntsiab ntsiab ntawm lub doping tej zaum yuav ua los ntawm silicon thiab manganese. Ua ntej nkag tau mus rau lub hom phiaj qauv nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus feem pua (tsis ntau tshaj li 0.4%) thiab me ntsis cawv rau cov kev hloov ntawm lub workpiece twb tsis muaj cwj pwm. Cuaj kaum, qhov kev tivthaiv yog manganese thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li ib tug deoxidizing neeg sawv cev thiab ib tug phau ntawv. Cov zog ua rau lub hauv paus alloying ntsiab ntawm lub sam xeeb ntawm cov qauv, uas yog tseem nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm doping ua rau nws tau xaav ntawm lwm yam organic twb active ntsiab thiab impurities.

Koom haum pab alloying ntsiab

Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no hais feem ntau muaj xws li titanium, molybdenum, boron, vanadium, etc. Qhov tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm qhov txuas no yog molybdenum, uas yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv chrome hlau. Nyob rau hauv kev, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm hlau nce hardenability, raws li zoo li txo Harbor hladolomkosti. Pab rau kev tsim kho steels, thiab kev siv ntawm molybdenum Cheebtsam. Qhov no zoo alloy ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub hlau, uas muab dynamic thiab zoo li qub zog ntawm hlau, thaum xa kev txaus ntshai ntawm sab hauv oxidation. Raws li rau titanium, nws yog siv ncaw thiab tsuas yog ib cov hauj lwm - sib tsoo grain qauv nyob rau hauv chromium-manganese alloys. Tsom tej zaum yuav hais raws li calcium thiab cov hlau lead. Lawv yog siv rau lub hlau teb, uas yog ces raug mus rau txiav hauj lwm.

Classification alloying ntsiab

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub heev zwj ceeb division ntawm alloying ntsiab rau ntawm lub ntsiab thiab tej koom haum, kuj thov tau mus rau lwm yam, tej yam tshwm sim sib txawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv mechanics ntawm tej yam nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm alloys thiab steel ntsiab yog muab faib ua peb pawg:

• Cuam tshuam rau tsim ntawm carbides.
• Nrog polymorphic transformations.
• Nrog rau cov tsim ntawm intermetallic tebchaw.

Tseem ceeb rau koj nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm peb tus neeg mob cov nyhuv ntawm alloying ntsiab rau lub thaj chaw ntawm intermetallic tebchaw yog tseem nyob rau lwm impurities. Piv txwv li, cov nqi tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug concentration ntawm tib carbon los yog hlau. Muaj kuj yog ib tug faib ntawm hais twb polymorphic transformation ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tej yam. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub sawv ntsug hais tias cia muaj cov alloyed ferrite nyob rau hauv lub hlau, thiab lawv cov analogues, pom stabilization txhawb austenite cov ntsiab lus hais txog ntawm kub.

Nyhuv ntawm alloying rau lub alloys thiab steels

Muaj ob peb txoj kev nyob rau hauv uas zoo cov yam ntxwv ntawm steel ua tau zoo tuaj. Tus thawj yog lub cev zoo uas txiav txim kev pab cov ntaub ntawv uas. Doping nyob rau hauv no ib feem yuav ua rau kom lub dag lub zog, ductility, hardness thiab hardenability. Lwm zoo nyhuv ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov alloying ntsiab yog los txhim kho lub barrier zog. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws yog muab tej yam kuj, liab hardness, Thaum tshav kub kub kuj thiab ib tug siab pib ntawm corrosive kev puas tsuaj. Rau tej ntaub ntawv sau npe co yog npaj thiab muab electrochemical zog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub alloying ntsiab tej zaum yuav siv lug txhim khu cov hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, oxidation tsis kam, thiab yog li magnitopronitsaemosti. D.

Nta ntawm tus ntawm teeb meem admixtures

Raug cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov teeb meem impurities yog phosphorus thiab sulfur. Nrog rau kev hwm mus phosphorus, nws yog muab nrog cov hlau compound peev xwm ntawm txoj kev ua ib lub cev tsis kho nplej uas mob tom qab alloying. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub resultant hlau loses nws cov high degree ntawm kev ceev thiab muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog brittleness. Txawm li cas los, cov compound nrog cov pa roj carbon thiab muab ib tug zoo lus teb kev txhim kho nti sib cais txheej txheem. Qhov no zoo tswj machining dab. Sulfur, nyob rau hauv lem, yog txawm ntau txaus ntshai substance. Yog hais tias cov nyhuv ntawm alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub steel raws li ib tug tag nrho yog los txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv uas lub kuj mus rau sab nraud influences, qhov no yuav rhuav tshem lub admixture raws li ib tug pab pawg neeg. Piv txwv li, nws cov high concentration nyob rau hauv cov qauv ua rau muaj zog attrition kuj txo hlau qaug zog thiab txo xeb kuj.

kev ua tau zoo doping Technology

Feem ntau cov doping yog ua nyob rau hauv lub hlau ntau lawm thiab yog nyob rau hauv them nyiaj los yog cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov molten loj ntxiv hais sib tham saum toj no. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub tshav kub kev kho mob nyob rau hauv cov qauv muaj tshuaj thiab lub cev kev ntawm sib txuas ntawm kev tshuaj thiab deformation. Yog li, lub alloying ntsiab pub rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm steel khoom.

xaus

Doping yog ib tug complex txheej txheem kev hloov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau. Complexity nws mas muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm kev pom kev thawj zaug zaub mov txawv mus cuag tej yam zog teem preform. Raws li twb tau hais, cov nyhuv ntawm alloying ntsiab ntawm cov miv thiab tsis meej xwm. Ib tug thiab tib yam active feem ntawm cov additive yuav, piv txwv li, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txhim kho lub dag lub zog ntawm cov hlau thiab thuam nws thermal conductivity. Cov hauj lwm ntawm engineers yog los tsim ib winning thaum lawv tseem hais tias yuav ua kom cov hlau ib feem los yog cov qauv feem ntau tsim nyog rau nws cov qualities nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib tug lub hom phiaj.