Sib ntaus sib tua rau Redoubt Shevardino: cov ntsiab lus

Sib ntaus nyob ib ncig ntawm Shevardino redoubt tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino, thiab nws yog ib tug prologue. Sib ntaus sib tua kev tswj ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb strengthening pib vim lub fact tias Napoleon xav tau ib tug ntau zoo txoj hauj lwm rau hauv lub tom ntej offensive, thiab Kutuzov xav los mus ncua cov sij hawm uas yuav tsum tau reorganize nws pab tub rog.

nyob rau lub Hmo

Nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub yim hli ntuj 24th (Cuaj hlis 5) nyob rau hauv 1812 rau cov thawj lub sij hawm lub Fabkis mus kev rau lub Lavxias teb sab txaus. Lub earliest sib ntaus sib tua ensued txog Kolotskogo monastery. Lub ntsiab rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog 8 kilometers deb. Tus thawj tshuab tuaj nyob rau hauv lub rear khwb Peter Konovnitsyn. Tom qab lub sij hawm ntawm tsov rog, nws thiab nws cov tub rog hla tus dej Kolocha thiab nres nyob ze ntawm lub zos Shevardino.

Kutuzov yuav tsum tau yuav lub sij hawm mus ua kom tiav ua ntej engineering ua hauj lwm rau qhov kev siv ntawm tej chaw tiv thaiv. Nws yog li ntawd xaiv Shevardino zos raws li ib tug qhov chaw ncua Fabkis. Nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug pentagonal redoubt ua tau muaj. Thaum xub thawj nws suav hais tias yog ib feem ntawm lub sab laug flank. Thaum lub Lavxias teb sab txaus tau raug thawb rov qab, Shevardino redoubt ua ywj siab forefront.

Pom strengthening, Napoleon tam sim ntawd kom mus ntes nws. Lub fact yog hais tias nws tiv thaiv tau tus Fabkis rog deploy. Nyob rau hauv nres mus peb zoo tshaj plaws kev sib cais uas yog ib feem ntawm Davout thiab Polish cavalry Yuzefa Ponyatovskogo. Nws yog nthuav tias chiv lub ntsiab Fabkis rog deployed nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Borodino. Kutuzov xav cia li hais tias. Txawm li cas los, Napoleon solved tus nrog sib ntaus txoj hau kev thiab tsis kam txais nws cov kev cai ntawm qhov kev ua si. Uas yog vim li cas lub Fabkis qhov chaw piav txog tus zuj quab yuam raws li ib tug redoubt ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Bonaparte.

Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog

Shevardino redoubt defended nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm Lieutenant-General Andrei Gorchakov. Nws yog tus tub ntawm Suvorov, uas twb txawv nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub Swiss thiab Italian campaigns. General nws los ua 21 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog. Gorchakov subordinated mus rau lub 27th Division Dmitry Neverovsky, ob peb regiments ntawm cavalry, raws li zoo raws li militias. Sib ntaus rau Shevardino redoubt muaj pov thawj ib tug high point rau lub general. Nyob rau hauv nws muaj yog 11 000 cov tub rog, thaum Napoleon twb raug xa mus rau hauv lub nres ntawm 35 txhiab.

Gorchakoff rog tau txheej txheem raws li nram no. Nyob rau redoubt twb 12 phom ntawm tus 12th cov roj teeb lub tuam txhab, txib los ntawm Lt. Col. Winspear. Qab lawv dag lub 27th infantry Division. Nyob rau hauv thawj kab yog hais Simbirsky thiab Odessa txee. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - Tarnopolsky thiab Vilna. Jaeger tso kom muaj kab muaj kev (ntawm 6) nyob ze ntawm lub Aleksinki rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj rau ntawm tus dej Kolocha. Muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov ravines thiab fab. Cov units coj Doroninskoye koog rau cov tuaj txog pem ntwg ntawm lub zos me me Doronin.

Mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub zos Shevardino, los ntawm uas derives nws lub npe Shevardino redoubt positioned Chernihiv thiab Kharkiv dragoon regiments. Sab qab teb ntawm tej chaw tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ib lub toj, yog vosmiorudiynaya roj teeb 9 cavalry tuam txhab. Nws them tus ob squadrons uas tau muaj nyob rau hauv Akhtyrka hussar tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Mus rau sab xis ntawm lub redoubt coj li txaus qhia cov cuab yeej 23rd teeb Company, raws li zoo raws li lub artillery ntawm lub 9 cavalry thiab cov tswvnum 21 th Lub teeb Company.

Lavxias teb sab rear yog 2nd Cuirassier Division. Nws txib los ntawm Major-General Ilya Duca. Nyob ze ntawm lub Kamenka 2nd Grenadier cov kev faib Charlemagne Meklenburskogo. Lwm 4 battalion sawv nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm Semyonov. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thaum lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Shevardino redoubt, Gorchakov muaj 46 phom, 38 cavalry squadrons thiab 36 infantry battalions. Yuav kom nws sab laug yog ib lub hav zoov, thiab cov cai - lub tib lub npe zos.

Fabkis offensive

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog ib tug cover adjoining lub qub Smolensk txoj kev. Yuav kom nws tiv thaiv tau lub Cossack regiments ntawm Major General Karpov Akim. Qhov no txoj kev twb tsiv lub cev Poniatowski.

Sib ntaus sib tua rau Shevardino redoubt pib nrog cov kev tawm tsam ntawm Napoleon tus pawg. Lawv tshaj nyob rau lwm yam, lub Tshiab Smolensk txoj kev. Chiv, tag nrho cov luj ntawm tej yam coj qhov chaw nyob rau sis thib 5 ntawd cov kev faib Jean-Dominika Kompana. Nws cov tub rog differed koj lub koob npe nrov. Hais txog KOMPAN ntau legends txee. Ib tug ntawm lawv, lub 57th kab, tom qab lub Italian phiaj los nqis tes yog nicknamed lub txaus ntshai. Nws muaj tej Fabkis cov tub rog-cov qub tub rog. Fifth division muaj plaub regiments ntawm infantry ntawm txoj kab, ob artillery tuam txhab uas muag thiab consolidated voltizherskogo tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Nws muaj 30 phom thiab ze li ntawm 10 txhiab tus tub rog.

Tus yeeb ncuab mus rau qhov twg lub Shevardino redoubt, thiab cov uas muaj peev xwm ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb. Ob chav Fabkis tsoo, tab sis txhua lub sij hawm twb nrua ntaus infantry Neverovsky.

kev nqis tes ua Compay

Tus yeeb ncuab twb tsiv raws lub ntsiab txoj kev. Peb tus yeeb ncuab txhua twb khaws cia nyob rau tib lub qhov siab. Thaum ob teev nyob rau hauv lub yav tav su lawv mus Kolocha thiab taws Shevardino redoubt. Ib tug nyuag sib ntaus sib tua rau hnub ntawd twb piav los ntawm ntau ua pov thawj, xws li Alexander Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky. Nws sau hais tias Konovitsyn twb yuam kom thim rov qab rau Borodino. Tom qab no rearguard regiments pib yuav tau ib feem ntawm cov vaj tse. Teem nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm sib ntaus sib tua, lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog nyob ob lub qhov muag ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Mus saib tau nws yog atherosclerosis Shevardino redoubt. Zaj dabneeg hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua attracted tus mloog ntawm ntau historians ...

Compans skilfully coj kom zoo dua cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zos topography. Vim li cas nws ua tau Shevardino redoubt? Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv tau cov Fabkis regroup thiab tua lub ntsiab Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav pab txhawb lub capture ntawm tej chaw tiv thaiv siv Compans nyob nce raws li ib tug platform rau lawv cov phom. Phom ua ntau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm firing ntawm lub redoubt thiab qhov chaw nkaum infantry.

sib ntaus

Tus thawj skirmish ntawd kub ntev li txog ib teev. Mam li nco dheev tuav tawm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, Lavxias teb sab Flanker thiab huntsmen retreated. Cia li nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no tus yeeb ncuab rog nyob rau hauv lub tus kheej hais kom ua ntawm Napoleon mus ncaj nraim mus rau lub kab ntawm strengthening. Lawv preceded by heev heev yeeb ncuab artillery hluav taws.

Muaj ib tug ntau hais txog zauv superiority ntawm Fabkis. Nws yuam Gorchakov tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cia grenadiers. Txawm li cas los, hais tias mus kom ze, nws coj lub sij hawm. Thaum lawv nce rau hauv lub nucleus, buckshot, grenades thiab cia nyias peppered lub defensive rog thiab Shevardino redoubt. "Yuav ua li cas yog nws, yog hais tias tsis yuav yeej tau?!" - xav tias lub Fabkis, tab sis lawv cov triumph yog short-lived. lawv nyuam qhuav pib lug tau sai dlua lub redoubt, raws li cia grenadiers nkag mus hauv lub fray. Lawv mus kom ze yog tiag tiag spectacular. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub grenadiers tau hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv robes cov pov thawj. Nyob rau crosses nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes, lawv txhawb cov morale ntawm cov tub rog thiab tshwm sim kom lawv mus nyob rau hauv nres.

Tuaj tus cawm los pab redoubt regiments kos theem nrog lub roj teeb. Tus yeeb ncuab twb tau tsav rov qab. Nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub ntawm sib ntaus sib tua pib Dogfight. Tw nyob rau hauv lem ntxeev txhua lwm yam thiab coj cov teg num, tab sis tsis sab yuav tsis yuav muaj qhov tsim nyog rau lub yeej thaum kawg kom zoo dua. Nws twb tau tsaus ntuj nti, thiab Shevardino, Redoubt thiab yog nyob rau sab laug tis ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab hav zoov yuav.

qhov kawg nkaus

Ib hnub dhau lawm, ua raws li los ntawm yav tsaus ntuj, thiab teb chaw tiv thaiv defenders txuas ntxiv mus tuav nws txoj hauj lwm. Tus yeeb ncuab nres firing ib pliag. Tab sis, nrog rau lub qhov pib ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj los pab Poniatowski tuaj txog cuirassiers. Ua ke lawv rushed nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab nres. Nyob rau redoubt hnov cov mus kom ze rau Fabkis pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti, los mus txiav txim tus xov tooj nws yog tsis yooj yim sua. Tab sis thaum cov Fabkis arrangement zes haystacks, lub teeb illuminated nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev mus tua cov tuab kem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Nws tsiv mus rau Lavxias teb sab muaj cai tis.

Thaum no tus taw tes, Gorchakov tsuas yog ib qhov kev sib faib thiab ib battalion. Ces tus general tau mus rau lub ua kom yuam kev. Nws kom tus battalion mus ntaus lub nruas thiab qw "Hurrah !!!", tab sis tsis tau txais ib tug txav rau. Hnov cov suab paj nruag, cov Fabkis twb tsis meej pem thiab poob lub thawj tempo. Meanwhile, Lavxias teb sab guardsmen ntawm lub 2nd Cuirassier Division ntawm tag nrho gallop koom nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua thiab Repulsed tus nres.

Fabkis division Compans ib tug tshiab los kom tawg mus rau hauv lub Shevardino redoubt cia li ua ntej ib tag hmo. Txaus ntshai tua neeg pov tseg ensued. Cov tub rog tiv thaiv txhais tes mus rau tes. Visibility yog yuav luag pes tsawg. Tiv thaiv tsis tau tsuas yog tsaus ntuj nti, tab sis tuab haus luam yeeb. Tw tau tov nrog txhua lwm yam. Thaum kawg, tus Fabkis wavered thiab retreated dua, tawm hauv 5 phom. Peb cov cuab yeej nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, qhov ob raug coj cuirassiers. Lub sib ntaus sib tua tso tseg. Nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tag hmo rau lub qab ntug reappeared Fabkis colony.

Nws yog ces rau tus txiav txim ntawm Kutuzov Gorchakov thaum kawg retreated. Tuav tej thaj chaw deb los ntawm tus so txoj hauj lwm redoubt yog tam sim no pointless. Tub rog ntse heev muaj nws, raws li yog muaj sij hawm txaus mus pub rau lub ntsiab Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog mus muab nws yuav tsum tau txoj hauj lwm thiab npaj ntxiv strengthening.

Sleepless hmo ntuj Napoleon

Lub hnub tom qab lub sib ntaus sib tua, Bonaparte tuav views ntawm ib qho ntawm lub regiments ntawm lub compay. Huab tais nug nyob rau hauv surprise dab tsi tau tshwm sim rau nws uas yog ib tug thib peb battalion. Lub colonel hais tias huab tais, hais tias nws nyob rau lub redoubt. Yog nyob ib sab hav zoov txuas ntxiv mus rau kis Lavxias teb sab tub rog. Sub lossi staged raids thiab txuas ntxiv me me tawm tsam. Tsuas yog thaum qhov ua siab coj tus cavalry ntawm Murat, nws muaj kev tswj los mus luaj lub tiaj. Yog li ntawd tas lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Shevardino Redoubt (hnub ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua muaj npe teev ua ntej lawm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm).

Hnub no tau ua alarming rau Napoleon. Nws pw me ntsis thiab tsis zoo. Thaum kawg tuaj rau nws, General Caulaincourt, uas qhia hais tias nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov Fabkis tsis tau ib zaug xwb tus neeg raug txim. Tag Napoleon pib mus nug nws cov lus nug nruj. Cas tsis tau lub Fabkis cavalry rov rau tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm? Yuav ua li cas lub Lavxias teb sab: yeej los yog tuag? Cov kev teb hais tias uas nyob puag ncig los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab cov tub rog tau xaiv los ua phem yus tua yus. Kuv caulaincourt piav no coj tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub fact tias Lavxias teb sab siv los tua cov Turks, thiab lawv tsis tshua tau cov neeg raug txim. Ntxiv mus, Napoleon persisted interlocutor tub rog Gorchakov tau kom meej meej tshwm rau lawv mus fanaticism. Huab tais yog siab, thiab mus rau hauv lub tank.

tseem ceeb redoubt

Txawm tias qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua rau lub redoubt txawv nyob rau hauv kom meej, lawv tag nrho cov paub meej tias tias cov huab tais menyuam qhov tseem ceeb ntawm strengthening. Yog li ntawd es tsis tawm mus rau hauv lub teb ntawm Borodino sab qaum teb ntawm Tshiab Smolensk txoj kev, nws rov Shevardino. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog kev pab los ntawm lub Fabkis corps de Beauharnais raug them los ntawm ib tug ua tau raug mob nyob rau sab laug flank. Vim hais tias ntawm no Lavxias teb sab zoo tau mus ua txhaum hu sib ntaus sib tua thiab thim nws cov rog mus Semenov siab, nyob ze rau qhov flash. Thaum lub sij hawm tawm siv suab Pib ntsais koj teeb rau tus nres. Lawv yuav tsum tau mus dag ntxias cov yeeb ncuab.

Qhov tseem ceeb uas nqa cov sib ntaus sib tua rau Shevardino redoubt, luv luv hais tag nrho cov Fabkis qhov chaw. Tus tauj ncov loj Labeaume recalled hais tias cov murderous hluav taws, uas twb tau soj xyuas nrog qhov no strengthening, nqa ntshai mus rau hauv lub Cov Qib ntawm Napoleon tus pab tub rog.

tom ntej maneuvers

Yog li ntawd, sib ntaus sib tua rau Shevardino redoubt yog tus prologue mus rau tag nrho sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino. Cas nws nco duel warriors feeb pib lub medieval battles ntawm lub Eastern Slavs. Txhua tog nyob rau hauv ib lub siab, ua rau nws tus kheej. Kutuzov muaj sij hawm los npaj rau ib tug decisive sib ntaus sib tua, thiab Napoleon tau pom lub hwj chim ntawm nws pab tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub Lavxias teb sab commander nyob rau hauv Hmoob los mus txiav txim lub feem ntau tej zaum kev taw qhia ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Nws pib los npaj rau sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv thaj av uas tus Fabkis tau tua nws nyob rau sab laug.

Tom qab winning lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Shevardino redoubt, Bonaparte muaj peev xwm mus rau deploy nws tus kheej pab tub rog mus rau tus yeeb ncuab txoj kab. Bridgehead, uas nws muab rau tus nres rau ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab laug flank, muab tawm yuav tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsim. Napoleon maneuver Kutuzov ua lig thaum hmo ntuj nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov decisive sib ntaus sib tua npaj ib lub regrouping ntawm lawv tus kheej rog. Los ntawm cov fortified heights yuav tsum tau pom, raws li cov Fabkis yog nce kua cai, thiab nyob rau hauv lub forests sau ntau ntawm lawv cov shooters. Nrog artillery redoubt Grand tub rog ntawm txawv paths thauj mus rau lub surrounding toj thiab tej toj roob.

Cuaj kaum Gorchakov tam sim ntawd muaj pov thawj hais tias cov Lavxias teb sab yuav sib ntaus sib tua fiercely, uas Napoleon tsis cog lus ib qho yooj yim yeej, uas nws siv thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Kutuzov tom qab lub sib ntaus sib tua rau lub redoubt tsiv battalion Grenadier suav Vorontsov los ze zog mus rau lub strengthening ntawm ze rau Semenov. Housing Tuchkova nws sib cais los ntawm lub zeem cia thiab tsiv mus rau lub qub Smolensk txoj kev. Lwm yam regiments ntawm militia tau tseg rau tom qab kab, lawv tau mus pab cov raug mob. Vim hais tias ntawm cov Fabkis pab tub rog maneuver Kutuzov hloov nws lub hauv paus. Los ntawm Tatarinov nws tsiv mus rau Gorki. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, 4 Jager tso kom muaj kab muaj kev raug xa mus rau hauv lub hav zoov mus tiv thaiv cov kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub 2nd Army Corps thiab Tuchkov.

tau

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub Fabkis tuaj rau lub fore Semenov flushes (kuj hu ua Bagrationovsky), thaum Maslovsky muaj pov thawj futile. Sharply nce qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov laus Smolensk txoj kev. Tam sim no, nrog rau qhov no txoj kev lub Fabkis twb tau los tuav ib tug npog maneuver. Qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm yavtom ntej cov txheej xwm Borodino txav ntxiv sab qab teb. Nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm Napoleon yog tus tseem ceeb qhov siab, uas nws tau txais los ntawm nws pheej hmoo ua nres. Fabkis huab tais yog tsis muaj lawm ib tug yuav tsum tau mus ua txhaum los ntawm Lavxias teb sab fortified kab, los cia siab rau Kolocha thiab featuring ntuj tej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nyuaj-rau riverbanks. Yog li, Napoleon leveled txoj hauj lwm thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug kev txiav txim zoo yeej Kutuzov. Lub ntxiv txoj hmoo ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino yog nyob rau ntawm cov kev txawj ntawm generals nyob rau battlefield.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub capture ntawm lub redoubt Shevardino Fabkis poob txog 4-5 txhiab tus neeg tua thiab raug mob, thaum lub Lavxias teb sab losses li cas 6-7 txhiab. Xws li ib tug loj poob vim ib tug tseem ceeb predominance ntawm cov yeeb ncuab artillery thiab hais txog zauv superiority ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog raug kev txom nyem tseem ceeb losses vim flanking thiab crossfire.