Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Ice ntawm lub pas dej Peipus thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm tus tub huabtais Alexander

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ntawm chav kawm, yog ib tug zoo thawj coj, tab sis mus kawm rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm nws cinematographic tej hauj lwm yuav ua dog dig frivolous yam taw tes uas. Nyob rau hauv nws paintings kom meej meej qhia cov storming ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace (uas yog tsis tau), thiab lub shooting kev kaj siab lug pej xeem ntawm Odessa rau ib tug loj heev ntaiv (uas txawm yuav tsis tau).

Nyob rau hauv lub zoo zaj duab xis "Alexander Nevsky" kuj zoo kawg artist portrayed lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Ice ntawm lub pas dej Peipus, uas coj qhov chaw, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis. Yog hais tias koj ntseeg hais tias lub Livonian rhymed chronicle, tus neeg ntawm no sib ntaus sib tua, tua pov tseg los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab Bulatov, lawv poob rau hauv cov nyom, uas muaj kev tswj kom loj hlob txawm lub fact tias nws coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb cheeb tsam.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav soj ntsuam raws li objectively li sai tau thiab diplomatic kev txawj ntse raws li ib tug commander ntawm Lavxias teb sab av protector, St. Aleksandra Nevskogo, artistic exaggeration yog tsis yuav tsum tau. Tsis muaj exaggeration hais tias peb lub teb chaws hero rau txuag nws teb koj chaw ntawm desecration. Tub huabtais tsis tau embellishment ntawm nws lub luag hauj lwm, nws tsis yooj yim ua hauj lwm thiab thiaj li ntse nqa tawm.

Nrog tus loj tshaj qhov muaj tseeb ntawm plausibility to taub yuav ua li cas yog lub Ice ntawm lub pas dej Peipus, nws yog ua tau los ntawm tshuaj ntsuam tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau qhov chaw, xws li cov neeg uas tau piav no sib ntaus sib tua Livonians. Nws yog ib tug tribute rau European chroniclers, tshwj xeeb embellishment lawv tsis raug kev txom nyem, yuav tsum paub tias tactically lawv yeej Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Novgorod.

Nyob rau hauv dab tsi yog ib tug sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Ice, nyob rau hauv uas lub xyoo nws tau tshwm sim thiab tus neeg uas tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nws rau ob sab, tshwj xeeb sib txawv ntawm lub tswv yim historians yuav luag tsis-existent. Yeej muaj tseeb, lawv hu ua nws Livonians txwv tsis pub, sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub pas dej Peipus (thiab Estonians hnub no sawv cev rau rau maps Peipus). Nws tsis txawv.

Txawm li cas los, muaj ib co cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai, nyob rau hauv particular, lub tswv yim ntawm cov historian Heidenstein, uas nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm XVI - thaum ntxov XVII centuries. Nws insists hais tias cov sib ntaus sib tua coj ib tug active ib feem Tatar troops ntawm Batu Khan. Nyob rau sab rusichej lawm. Qhov no nws piav txog outnumbered, muaj kev tswj kom tau cov tub rog kev vam meej.

Koj muaj peev xwm, ntawm chav kawm, tsis ntseeg hais tias ib tug European collector ntawm cov dab neeg, nws yog heev ua tau, nws xav kom tau raws li cov neeg nyob ze rau nws nyob rau hauv ntsuj plig Teutonic knights rau downplay prowess Lavxias teb sab tub cheev xwm. Txawm li cas los, muaj ib co inconsistencies nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg txog peb, domestic chroniclers.

Yog li ntawd, "Samovydets", piv txwv li lub direct koom nyob rau hauv cov txheej xwm recalled kev pab muab rau lawv los ntawm ib co "Vajtswv tso kom muaj kab muaj kev," zoo nkaus li "nyob rau hauv cov huab cua" (raws li cov daus rau lub taub hau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab). Tej zaum hais tias yog lawv tsis fwjchim luj kawg nkaus ntawm cov tubtxib saum ntuj, thiab ib co kev quab yuam, cia li nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm mus koom lub sib ntaus sib tua. Cov tshwm sim yog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Ice ntawm lub pas dej Peipus, mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li ib tug xaiv yaam yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab caj npab, raws li zoo raws li cov kev hloov, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lus, qhov geopolitical teeb meem no. Levonsky Order uas npaj siab mus ntes peb sab qaum teb thaj tsam, sab laug Pskov. Thiab muaj ib qho kev pauv ntawm neeg raug kaw.

Tw tsis ua kom qhov no version. Lawv tsis pom qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv cov tub rog kev pab los ntawm lub Khan Lavxias teb sab None. Ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm no ua li no yog. Ib xyoo ua ntej cov txheej xwm no muaj yog ib tug clash ntawm lub Crusaders thiab cov "tub ntawm Genghis Khan", uas yeej lub Batu troops evrohristianskoe party. Txawm tias txoj kev vam meej, Khan tsis xav txog hais tias tag nrho complied nrog cov tub rog kev pab raws qib yuav tsum txhawb kev vam meej.

Raws li cov Lavxias teb sab historian Soloviev, pib kev sib khom lus rau ib ntus tub rog alliance yog cia li Batu, Alexander xa tsab ntawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Lavxias teb sab None ntse muaj ib tug "qhov ua siab tshaj" thiab txawm muaj sij hawm los fraternize nrog Genghisides, Khan tus tub. Yog vim li cas tsis ua li cas rau Lavxias teb sab teb chaws!

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus phiaj ib tug txhim khu kev qha rear tseem ceeb reinforcements, Alexander brilliantly tuav lub Ice ntawm lub pas dej Peipus, uas qhia, nrog rau diplomatic txuj ci thiab generalship. Nws skillfully siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub roob hav, muab hnyav riam phom knights puas tau rau lawv, ntse yuam maneuverable yeeb ncuab tus cwj pwm kev sib ntaus, nyob rau hauv luv luv, ua txhua yam mus yeej thiab tau nws.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Ice nyob rau hauv 1242 tau qhia txoj kev txawj ntse ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub vaj ntxwv, manifested nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim thiab xaiv yaam teeb meem. Tau txais nws, thiab kev pab los ntawm Vajtswv, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog xwb ntawm cov neeg uas cov neeg uas pab lawv tus kheej.

Yog muaj ces cov dej khov nyob rau hauv lub pas dej Peipsi? Nws yog ua tau nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw yog txias nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis.