Scientific method

Lub scientific method - ib tug txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj kev tsim kom muaj kev cai thiab kev ntsuam xyuas theories npaj nyob rau hauv piav txog, piav thiab twv phenomena. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb.

Muaj yog ib tug meej kev faib ntawm lub scientific method. Kws txawj faib lawv mus rau hauv ob yooj yim ntau ntau: txoj kev theoretical thiab empirical paub.

Kev txoj kev empirical paub siv nyob rau hauv lub sim tej yam kev mob, qhov chaw uas lub ntsiab hauj lwm khiav lag luam lawm. Xws li ib tug txoj kev muaj:

1. Soj - focused txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov kev kawm siv lub zog ntawm qhov txhia, cov observer tsis cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub phenomenon nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav.
2. Xyaum ua tej yam - txoj kev kawm ntawm cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim thiab tswj dag tej yam kev mob.
3. Sib piv. Qhov no txoj kev yuav qhia sib txawv los yog zoo li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom los yog tshwm sim.
4. Hauj lwm ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov xyaum ua tej, soj xyuas los sis xyaum ua tej yam. Yuav kom txhim kho tshwj xeeb cim system yog siv (charts, tables, kos duab, thiab lwm yam).
5. Ntsuas - kev qhia kom paub tau ntawm ib tug txawv ntau.

Theoretical scientific method yuav siv cov xav li ib lub cuab tam nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Nyob rau hauv lem, qhov no txoj kev ntawm kev kawm yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub formalization thiab cov axiomatic txoj kev.

Formalization yog ib tug paub kuas siv cim thiab cim (muaj kev hom lus). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yog vim licas txog qhov tshwm sim thiab cov khoom hloov ua hauj lwm nrog tej yam tshwm sim. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv particular, cim tias seb thaum cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub cim txog logic los yog qhia zauv.

Txawm li cas los, peb yeej tsis thov cov scientific method ntawm formalization. Piv txwv li, kev coj noj coj los philosophy yuav tsis muaj ib tug leb zaub. Qhov no txoj kev yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso los yog kev sciences.

Lub axiomatic yog cov tshem tawm ntawm txoj kev paub ntawm tsis tau pov thawj ntawm cov nqe lus (axioms).

Philosophical general zajlus kom txoj kev tau ua ke, theoretical thiab empirical paub. Cov kev no muaj xws li:

1. Analysis - hlwb sib cais rau hauv constituent qhov chaw ntawm cov kev kawm los yog phenomenon.
2. Synthesis - txoj kev ib feem ntawm ib chav tsev.
3. Abstraction - puas siab puas ntsws tso tawm ntawm lub feem ntau yooj yim zog ntawm ib tug kwv los yog phenomenon.
4. Idealization - puas siab puas ntsws ua hauj lwm tswj ntawm lub tsim ntawm cov khoom, khoom, phenomena idealized thiab tsis muaj nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag.
5. Simulation - Kev tshawb fawb siv alternates phenomena los yog tej khoom (qauv).

Modeling nyob rau hauv lem subdivided rau hauv ib tug tej (cov ntaub ntawv uas) thiab kev puas hlwb (zoo tagnrho).

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias simulation raws li ib tug kev tshawb fawb uas siv lug txaus. Tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev daws kev tswj teeb meem. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv txoj teeb meem tsis tau nqa tawm thwmsim nyob rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag-lub neej simulation nws yuav tsim nyog thiab indispensable cuab tam. Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm uas muaj txoj txaus siv ib tug yooj yim kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ua thiab txhob nyhuv, thov ib tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim qauv.

Psychology nyob rau hauv nws ntau qhov chaw ntawm thov scientific method. No, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw, siv deducing hypotheses ntawm theoretical txaus qhia, ua ib tug systematic kev soj ntsuam ntawm lawv cov tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg mob nyob rau hauv tswj, hom phiaj, empirical tshawb fawb. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, formulated tej lus xaus uas muaj rau cov nyob rau hauv-tob txoj kev tshawb no, playback thiab tsom xam.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm complex cov txheej xwm siv lawv faib mus rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, siv lub scientific method, soj ntsuam ntawm yog kawm kev sib raug zoo yog tsim los pab thiab, tom qab tsim thiab critically soj ntsuam cov kev xav hais txog qhov cov empirical tau.