Roundhouse. Railways: Tshem ciav hlau

Roundhouse yog tus taw tes uas nqa tawm txij nkawm ua hauj lwm los yog kev kho compositions. Nws tseem hu ua traction ib feem.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Tshem ciav hlau depots raug muab faib ua ob pawg. Lawv yuav tsum tau tsau thiab ua hauj lwm. Thawj tsim rau npe locomotives. Secondly nws yog npaj locomotives uas ua raws li lub ntsiab (kev khiav hauj lwm) tshem ciav hlau depot. Los sib tham kom yam khoom yog npaj rau cov txij nkawm ntawm locomotives. Lawv kuj nqa tawm kev soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ntim. Muaj so tsev rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm. Tam sim no kho tshem ciav hlau depot, dhau lawm, raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib qeb. Khoom ntawm no hom tsis muab chaw ua si ntawm locomotives. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv xws kev nyab xeeb nqa tawm loj dua, uas yog tswj lub rooj sib tham cov kev xav tau ntawm ib tug los yog ntau tshaj ntawm cov railways.

Keeb kwm ntaub ntawv. siv nta

Ua hauj lwm tshem ciav hlau depot yeej ib txwm tau ib feem ntawm cov railways. Cov kev siv ntawm xws li ib tug chaw depended rau ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, lub complexity ntawm lub profile feem Railways. Roundhouse twb ua tau lub tsev ntawm ib yam kev ncua deb ntawm lub nyob sib ze. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog tsib caug los yog ib puas kilometers nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Qhia tshwj xeeb uas cov txheej txheem ntawm traction ntawm txoj kab txuas rau hauv lub capital ntawm Russia thiab St. Petersburg. Tshem ciav hlau depot yog nyob ze ntawm lub ntsiab circulating. Npaj tsheb ntawm qhov chaw txiav txim tus xov tooj ntawm tshem ciav hlau chaw. Thaum thawj zaug rau theem ntawm repairing tseem nqa tawm nyob rau depot. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab qhib ntawm lub railways yuav tsum tau hloov. Rhiav thiab tshem ciav hlau depot los ua ib tug neeg sab nraud enterprise. Txog thaum 1933 ib qho kev pab cuam ntawm dov Tshuag los tswj tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm lub cev. Tom qab ntawd, cov tsoom fwv yuav txiav txim siab hais tias cov tsheb ciav hlau sector yuav ua tau ib tug neeg sab nraud tuaj ntawm railway thauj.

Tus tshiab kev faib

Tshem ciav hlau depot muaj ib lub npe kom txog rau thaum qhov kev hloov rau kev siv ntawm diesel thiab hluav taws xob rods. Tom qab no tus taw tes, lawv muaj nyob rau ntawm lawv pov tseg ob peb hom locomotives. Cov raug muab los rau diesel thiab hluav taws xob locomotives. Ces lub npe twb hloov. Txhua yam twb renamed "Tshem ciav hlau" tom qab pov tseg tau txais ob peb fais locomotives, diesel locomotives thiab chav locomotives. Ntau Chav raug hu ua cov khoom uas tau muab ua si. Lawv kuj nqa tawm kho thiab txij nkawm ntawm diesel thiab hluav taws xob. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm Maneuvering locomotives. Cov khoom raug hu ua "hluav taws xob depot." Ib tug lub sij hawm siv rau lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khoom - tshem ciav hlau kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob

Nyob rau hauv lub 70-ies. nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshem ciav hlau fleet, raws li qhov ntim ntawm cov tsheb khiav tau ntau zog tshuam. Ib txhia ntawm cov loj cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau tshaj ob puas compositions. Depots yuav tsis muab high-zoo cov kev pab cuam rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm locomotives. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, cov khoom pib mus rau paub txhij txhua nyob rau hauv lub txij nkawm ntawm tus neeg series. Ib txhia depots yuav tua "podemochnyh" ua hauj lwm kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tshem ciav hlau cov ntsiab lus thoob plaws qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub - txawm ntau. Du hauj lwm ntawm lub yuav tsum tau cov khoom tsim nyog cov khoom, xws li machining thiab lub rooj ntev zaum. Xub tau muab rau cov mov ntawm spare qhov chaw.

Introduction tshiab pawg

Lub totality ntawm lub saum toj no yam thiab lub feem qhov uas nws tau nyob los yog lwm yam tshem ciav hlau depot tshwm sim los koog li niaj zaus. Traction units tau faib nyob rau hauv cov nram no pawg rau nws npaj lub hom phiaj: agile, ntau chav nyob, cov neeg nrog caij thiab freight. Cov yav tas twb nyob rau loj sorting hubs thiab noj. Neeg nrog caij depot mus rau lub duas paub seem ntawm lub railway. Ob peb yam khoom muaj ib tug nqaim specialization. Main tshem ciav hlau depot nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, yuav ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Nws kuj mogzhet ua lwm yam tso. Piv txwv li, muaj ntau yam tshem ciav hlau cov ntsiab lus Haymarket, Rtishchevo thiab Petrov Val yog negotiable rau Saratov. Feem ntau cov kev nyab xeeb ua ob peb zog. Piv txwv li, tshem ciav hlau cov khoom muaj peev xwm ua tau ib txhij Maneuvering, cargo thiab cov neeg nrog caij. Cov nyob rau hauv lub 80-ies. Nws yog tus tshem ciav hlau depot ntawm Moscow, Rtishchevo, Saratov, Volgograd thiab Orenburg. Cov yav tas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no hom, rau hnub no.

Ua tau hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub USSR lub sij hawm,

Thaum nyob rau hauv tshem ciav hlau depots ua tiv thaiv txij nkawm system. Qhov no qauv yuav ib tug tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm, noj mus rau hauv tus account qauv turnaround. Ua ntej tshem ciav hlau depot muaj ntau teeb meem. Rau lawv raws sij hawm kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub khoom yuav tsum tau mus rau qhov chaw hauv qab no cov khoom.

1. Roj cia. Nws yog tsim los rau khaws cia ib tug ntau yam ntawm lubricants, roj thiab roj.
2. Kev Service Center. Nws yuav tsum tau rau cov khoom ntawm locomotives thiab kho.
3. Tig daim duab peb sab los yog voj voog. Nws yog tsim los rau nqa ib batch txheej txheem los yog ib tug reversal ntawm lub tshem ciav hlau.
4. Outfitting point. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog mus raws li nrog qhov chaw ntawm txij nkawm ntawm locomotives.
5. Kho khw. Nws yog tsim los rau cov loj-scale ua hauj lwm rau reconstruction.
6. Koom haum pab khoom. Lawv yog cov tsim nyog rau cov kev kho ntawm ib tug neeg cov chav nyob thiab tshem ciav hlau units.
7. Center rheostat kev ntsuam xyuas. Nws yog tsim los muab cov kev pab.
8. Nyiaj so koobtsheej tsev. Lawv yuav siv cov mej zeej ntawm tshem ciav hlau crews nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Voyages.
9. Administrative tsev. Nws yog tsim los kom haum raws li cov kev hloov cov chav, nqais, chaw ua hauj lwm thiab kev ua hauj lwm.

Lub tshem ciav hlau cov ntsiab lus tej zaum yuav tsum tau nyob ntau ntau lub ntsiab. Piv txwv li, kev kho mob nroj tsuag, boilers, chaw ntxuav compositions thiab lwm yam ntau lawm units.

chaw uas zoo heev npaj

Muaj ntau ntau variations ntawm cov internal qauv ntawm paragraphs. Piv txwv li, tus thawj depot muaj ib puag ncig zoo rau lub hom phiaj. Formulation locomotives nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus nqa los ntawm lawv lub zog raws li ib tug ntawm cov los ntawm paths ntxiv teem lub yam ditch. Cov yav tas yog nqa tawm los ntawm lub turntable ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv. Lub kiv cua layout depot pib yuav tsum tau ua ntawv thov tom qab. kev xaiv nrog ib tug tig vajvoog kuj siv. Thaum pib ntawm lub XX xyoo pua, tom qab kev tsim thiab txua dua ntawm lub depot, coob leej ntau tus lub-step qauv ntawm kho chaw.

Nqe Nikolaev railway

Qhov no tshem ciav hlau depot yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws yog ib tug monument ntawm kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam. Nruas yog muaj nyob rau hauv Ensemble Nicholas chaw nres tsheb chaw nyob Komsomolskaya Square. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tseem yog ib tug keeb kwm uas zoo heev. Qhov no depot muaj ib tug yeej qauv. Nws pib yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tswj cov project kws kes duab vajtse Konstantin A. Tuj. cuaj tshem ciav hlau depot twb ua nyob rau hauv txoj kab. Nikolaev chaw nres tsheb yog hais txog cov reservoir, tsis zoo li lwm yam. Tshem ciav hlau depot yog nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub Red Pas dej. Qhov no zoo tshaj pab cov kev taw qhia ntawm loj cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv peb tes num. Cov kev siv yog nyob rau hauv siab hauv av, thiab cov khw tau ua nyias. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub tshem ciav hlau depot muaj ib tug yeej zoo lawm. Ntawm ib sab nws twb tsa vodoemnoe tsev, uas twb ua rau ib tug neeg project. Architectural ntsiab ntawm cov vaj tse ua rau nws zoo li ib tug fortress pej thuam.